Covalent Bonding Flashcards
What are present in a lewis dot diagram?
the valence electrons
What is the ionic bond representing in the diagram?
The electrostatic attraction
What are covalent bonds?
sharing electrons in order to achieve an octet
What are covalent compounds?
Substance composed of atoms held together by covalent bonds
2 or more nonmetals bonded together
What is another word for covalent compounds?
molecules
What types of bonds do molecules have?
only have covalent bonds
What are the special covalent compounds, the diatomic molecules
H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, Cl2
What are the properties of molecules
Lower MP, BP than ionic compounds
Doesn’t conduct electricity
Can be found as solids, liquids, or gases
How is the number of bonds determined?
based on the number of addional electrons the element can take
(Ex. Carbon needs 4 to make a full octet, so it has 4 avaliable bonds)
What is a single bond
element sharing 2 electrons, can be represented by a single line or 2 dots
What is a double bond
sharing of 4 electrons, 4 dots or 2 lines
What is a modified dot diagram?
Shows the lines for the bonds and the dots for the non-bonding electrons
What is a triple bond?
sharing of 6 electrons, 6 dots or 3 lines
Out of the 3 types of covalent bonds, what is the order from longest to shortest?
single, double, triple
out of the 3 types of covalent bonds, what is the order from weakest to strongest
single, double, triple
How do you know the number of atoms present in a molecular compound?
A prefix will be added to the beginning of the element to signify the number
What is the prefix for 1,2,3,4, and 5?
mono-
d-
tri-
tetra-
penta-
What is the prefix for 6,7,8,9, and 10
hexa-
hepta-
octa-
nona-
deca-
Covalent compound rules
- first nonmetal with proper prefix
- Give 2nd nonemetal proper prefix and change ending to -ide
What is the exception for the Covalent compound naming rule?
The first element doesn’t need a prefix if there is only one element
What is a covalent network solid
chemical compound in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material
What are the molecules like in a network solid?
There are no individual molecules
What can the entire crystal/amorphous solid be considered?
macromolecule
Formulas for network solids are
the simplest ratios of the component atoms represented by a formula unit
Covalent network solid properties
very hard, high MP, poor conductors, not soluble
