Ionic Bonds Flashcards
Ionic Meaning
transfer of electrons (one loses to another)
What does ionic bonds, bond?
usually metal to nonmetal
Covalent meaning
sharing of electrons
What does covalent bonds, bond?
nonmetal to nonmetal
Metallic meaning
sea of electrons
What does metallic bonds, bond?
metal to metal
Monatomic ion
an ion formed by a single atom
Polyatomic ion
an ion formed from more than 1 atom
Binary Compound
a compound composed of 2 elements
Why do elements want to form ionic bonds?
to achieve noble gas configuration, full valence shell (octet)
What are ionic bonds?
ions held together by oppposite charges,
What holds together ionic bonds?
electrostatic charge, cations and anions
formula unit
simplest ratio of elements in an ionic compound
What are ionic compounds called?
salts
What is the total charge of any ionic compound?
zero
What can create a stronger bond?
higher charges
How does distance effect an ions bond?
shorter distance=stronger bond (smaller radii)
What is a crystalline solid?
a regular repeating arrangement of ions in the solid
What are the properties of a crystalline solid?
The ions are strongly bonded together; the structure is rigid,
properties of ionic compounds
crystalline solid, high melting points
What is a coordination number?
number of ions of opposite charge surrounding it
Can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature, which means they are insulators. Once they are melted or dissolved, they coulf conduct electricity
How does melting or dissolving a solid allow for it to conduct electricity?
The ions are free to move around, which allows the electric currents to move as well
Why are ionic crystals brittle?
The oppositily charged particles will slide past eachother, but since like charges repel, it will break apart the crystal.
metals are always
cations, positive charge
nonmetals are always
anions, negative charge
What does a chemical formula show?
the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative particle of the substance
What is written first in a ionic compound?
cations, then anion
What is the smallest representative particle called?
formula unit
What metals can have multiple charges?
transition-post transition metals (with exceptions)
What are the 2 methods of clarifying if the metal has more than 1 charge
Stock System and Classical Method
What is the Stock System
Putting roman numerals after the name (Ex. Copper (II)
What is the classical method
Using suffixes, -ous & -ic (Ex. Cupric)
What are the transition metals with only 1 charge? (Exceptions)
Silver Ag+1
Cadmium Cd+2
Zinc Zn+2
What the post-transition metals with multiple charges? (Exceptions)
Tin (II) Sn+2
Tin (IV) Sn+4
Lead (II) = Pb+2
Lead(IV) = Pb+4
Can the charge of the cation change?
Yes, since some transition and post-transition metals have multiple charges
Can the charge of the anion change?
No, all the nonmetals only have 1 charge
What do you add to the end of a monatomic element?
-ide
(Ex. Fluoride, Oxide, etc)
What are Polyatomic Ions?
Group of atoms that stay together and have an overall charge and 1 name
What do polyatomic ions usually end with?
-ate, -ite
What are the exceptions to the polyatomic ion naming suffix?
Hydroxide OH-
Cyanide CN-
Ammonium NH+4
What are the rules of anming an ionic compound?
- cation, then anion
- name of first element (cation), plus charge if needed
- name of 2nd element (anion), ending with -ide
