Polar Covalent Bond and Intermolecular Forces of Attraction Flashcards
What is a non polar covalent bond?
Electrons are equally distributed when bonding
What is a polar bond?
Electrons are attracted more strongly by one atom when bonding.
Difference in electronegative values for types of bond
Noble Gas: 0
Nonpolar covalent Bond: 0 - 0.4
Polar covalent bond: 0.4 - 0.7
Ionic Bond: 1.7+
What elements make the bond non- polar when bonded to carbon?
Carbon bonded with a hydrogen
What elements make the compound polar when bonded to carbon?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogens Elements, Metal elements
What is Van der waals (London Dispersion)
weak attractive forces that act on atoms because of a dipole moment from an atom’s shift in electrons
How does london dispersion happen?
In an atom, electrons are constantly moving around. In some instance, there may be more electrons on one side of an atom than the other, causing the side with more electrons to be more negative, and the other positive; this makes the atom polar. That polar atom’s positive side will interact with the next atom by drawing its electron, thus interacting with the atom.
Factors that affect Van der waals
-molecular weight; proportional
-boiling point; proportional
Isomer
- depends on their surface area. Surface area; proportional
- less surface area if compound is more branched; branching decreases surface area
What is Dipole Dipole
Attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.
- a compound must be polar in order to be dipole dipole, so two molecules CF3CF3 does NOT have dipole dipole
What is Hydrogen Bond
attractive interaction between a hydrogen bonded to a lone pair of N, O, or F
What makes an organic compound more soluble in water?
Greater is the number of hydrogen bonds, greater is the extent of hydrogen bonding and greater is the solubility in water.
