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Organic Chemistry > Alkanes and Conformational Isomers of Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes and Conformational Isomers of Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What are alkanes? What is the formula?

A

Compounds with C-C and C-H single bond.
Cn H2n+2

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2
Q

What is the formula for methane

A

C1H4

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3
Q

What is the formula for ethane?

A

C2H6

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4
Q

What is the formula for propane?

A

C3H8

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5
Q

What is the formula for butane?

A

C4H10

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6
Q

What is the relationship between an alkane’s size and its boiling point and melting point?

A

boiling point and melting point increase as size of alkane increases directly proportional to the increase in dispersion force

IN ISOMERS:
more branched means less surface area means less boiling point for isomers

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7
Q

What is the parent chain name for C1H4

A

meth

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8
Q

What is the parent chain name for C2H6

A

Eth

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9
Q

What is the parent chain name for C3H8

A

Prop

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10
Q

What is the parent chain name for C4H10

A

But

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11
Q

What is the parent chain name for C5H12

A

Pent

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12
Q

What is the parent chain name for C6H14

A

Hex

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13
Q

What is the parent chain name for C7H16

A

Hept

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14
Q

What is the parent chain name for C8H18

A

Oct

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15
Q

What is the parent chain name for C9H20

A

Non

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16
Q

What is the parent chain name for C10H22

A

Dec

17
Q

What is a straight chain alkane?

A

Carbon atoms connected to no more than 2 other carbons
- continuous chain

Ex: butane and pentane

18
Q

What is a branched like alkane?

A

carbon atoms connected to 3 or 4 carbon atoms
Ex: isobutane and isopentane

19
Q

What are alkyl group?

A

Partial structure that remains after the removal of one H from an alkane
- parts of a larger molecule

20
Q

What is the name replacement at the end of an alkyl group?

A

“ane” ending of alkane with “-yl” ending

Ex: methane (CH4) to methyl (CH3-)

21
Q

Why is rotation possible around C-C bond in alkanes?

A

Alkanes are cylindrically symmetrical

22
Q

What is a confirmation?

A

Different arrangements of atoms that results from bond rotation

23
Q

Which configuration is the most stable?

A

Staggered Confirmation

The confirmation that position all six C-H in an ethane as far away from one another as possible;
- lowest energy

24
Q

Which configuration is the least stable?

A

Eclipse Confirmation

The confirmation in which all six C-H bond in an enthane are as close as possible
- highest energy

25
Q

What is torsional strain?

A

Strain in a molecule caused by electron repulsion between eclipsed bond

26
Q

What is an anti confirmation?

A

Confirmation in which the two methyl group in a butane are as far apart as possible- 180 degree apart

27
Q

What is a gauche confirmation?

A

Confirmation in which the two methyl group are 60 degree apart

28
Q

What is a steric chain?

A

repulsive interaction caused by a gauche confirmation that occur when atoms are forced closer together than their atomic radii allow

29
Q

What is a partially eclipsed confirmation?

A

Confirmation of butane in which the two methyl groups are 120 degrees apart , but all bond overlap

30
Q

What is a fully eclipsed confirmation?

A

Confirmation of butane in which the two methyl groups are 0 degrees apart

31
Q

What is a primary carbon?

A

Carbon attached to only one carbon

32
Q

What is a secondary carbon?

A

Carbon attached to 2 carbon

33
Q

What is a tertiary carbon

A

Carbon that is attached to three carbon

34
Q

What is a quaternary carbon?

A

Carbon attached to 4 carbon

35
Q

What is a stereoisomer?

A

Compounds which have their atoms connected in the same order but differ in 3-D orientation

36
Q

What is a constitutional isomer?

A

Same molecular compounds with the same molecular formula

Organic Chemistry (13 decks)

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