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Toxicology > Poisonous Plants - Exam 2 Part 4 House > Flashcards

Poisonous Plants - Exam 2 Part 4 House Flashcards

1
Q

organic basic substance

A

alkaloids

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2
Q

bind to cannabinoid receptors

A

cannabinoids

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3
Q

contains an amino group and carboxylic acid group, linked via peptide bonds to form proteins and function as chemical messengers and as intermediates in metabolism

A

amino acids

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4
Q

protein phytotoxins capable of inhibiting protein synthesis

A

toxalbumins

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5
Q

salt or ester of oxalic acid

A

oxalates

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6
Q

compound containing a carbohydrate molecule

A

glycosides

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7
Q

glucosides/aglycones tha form soapy lathers

A

saponins/sapogenins

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8
Q

naturally occuring compounds derived from isoprene and contain oxygen

A

terpenoids

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9
Q

cause heinz body anemia

A

oxidants

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10
Q

cause malignant hyperthermia and vomiting

A

phenolics

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11
Q

cause GI distress

A

glucosinolates like Horse radish

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12
Q

cause excessive salivation

A

oxalates, ranunculin, raphides

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13
Q

cause hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, anemia

A

oxidants & cytotoxic (vinca alkaloids)

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14
Q

cause cardiac abnormalities

A

cardiac glycosides
cardenolides

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15
Q

cause neuro signs, hallucinations

A

terpenoids, alkaloids, cannabanoids

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16
Q

cause liver disease

A

hepatotoxic glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids

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17
Q

cause sudden death

A

cyanogenic glycosides, cardenolides, alkaloids

18
Q

Lilies
species:
MOA:
clinical signs:
treatment:

A

cats
unidentified toxin, all parts poisonous, as little as 2 leaves
kidney failure
GI decontamination (emesis, activated charcoal, cathartic) & fluid therapy

19
Q

Holly (ilex spp.)
MOA & clinical sign

A

alkaloid
gastroenteritis

20
Q

Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina Domestica)
MOA & clinical signs

A

alkaloids - berbine & nantenine
seizures, resp failure

21
Q

Sensitive Plant (mimosa spp.)
MOA & clinical signs

A

mimosine
hair loss in cattle/horses

22
Q

Sago Palms
MOA & clinical sign

A

BMAA (amino acids) = neuro lesions
glycoside cycasin = liver damage/failure (coag necrosis with stromal collapse, hepatocellular degeneration)

23
Q

Hyacinth toxin

A

toxalbumins - lectin + glycoproteins

24
Q

Mistletoe toxin

A

toxalbumins - glycoproteins

25
Q

Tulips toxin

A

toxalbumins - lectin + glycoproteins

26
Q

begonia MOA

A

oxalate crystals in stems/tubers

27
Q

Philodendron MOA

A

calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) in idioblast cells

28
Q

Peace Lily MOA

A

oxalate crystals in stems/leaves

29
Q

Kalanchoe MOA

A

cardiac glycoside - bufadienolides in flower

30
Q

Agave MOA

A

hepatoxic sapogenins

31
Q

Hosta MOA

A

saponins/sapogenins

32
Q

Yucca MOA

A

steroidal saponins/sapogenins

33
Q

Peppers, Larkspur, Ivy MOA

A

peppers - terpenoids
larkspur - diterpenoid alkaloid
ivy - triterpenoid saponins

34
Q

causes of vomiting and diarrhea

A

diterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins

35
Q

Bleeding heart, Ivy, Honeysuckle, Mistletoe, Tulip, Wisteria

A

vomiting

36
Q

Aloe, Asparagus, Clematis

A

diarrhea

37
Q

Lilies, Rattlebush, Coffee Bean, Grapes/raisins

A

oxalates - renal failure

38
Q

Red Maple, Onions, Perwinkle

A

oxidants - hemolysis, methemogloninemia, anemia

39
Q

Deadly nightshade, Foxglove, Christmas rose, Tobacco, Yellow Oleander

A

cardiac glycosides - cardiac abnormalities

40
Q

Sweet Shrub, allspice, Macadamia nut, Catnip, Poppy

A

neuro signs, hallucinations

41
Q

Cestru, jasmine, Melaleuca tea tree, Cardboard palm

A

liver disease

42
Q

macadamia nuts toxicity and treatment

A

weakness, ataxia, depression, vomiting, muscle tremors, weakness, lameness, hyperthermia, elevated ALP, triglyceride and lipase levels

no treatment, dogs recover ~24 hours

Toxicology (15 decks)

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