Poisonous Plants - Exam 2 Part 4 House

Question 1

organic basic substance

Answer 1

alkaloids

Question 2

bind to cannabinoid receptors

Answer 2

cannabinoids

Question 3

contains an amino group and carboxylic acid group, linked via peptide bonds to form proteins and function as chemical messengers and as intermediates in metabolism

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

protein phytotoxins capable of inhibiting protein synthesis

Answer 4

toxalbumins

Question 5

salt or ester of oxalic acid

Answer 5

oxalates

Question 6

compound containing a carbohydrate molecule

Answer 6

glycosides

Question 7

glucosides/aglycones tha form soapy lathers

Answer 7

saponins/sapogenins

Question 8

naturally occuring compounds derived from isoprene and contain oxygen

Answer 8

terpenoids

Question 9

cause heinz body anemia

Answer 9

oxidants

Question 10

cause malignant hyperthermia and vomiting

Answer 10

phenolics

Question 11

cause GI distress

Answer 11

glucosinolates like Horse radish

Question 12

cause excessive salivation

Answer 12

oxalates, ranunculin, raphides

Question 13

cause hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, anemia

Answer 13

oxidants & cytotoxic (vinca alkaloids)

Question 14

cause cardiac abnormalities

Answer 14

cardiac glycosides
cardenolides

Question 15

cause neuro signs, hallucinations

Answer 15

terpenoids, alkaloids, cannabanoids

Question 16

cause liver disease

Answer 16

hepatotoxic glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids

Question 17

cause sudden death

Answer 17

cyanogenic glycosides, cardenolides, alkaloids

Question 18

Lilies
species:
MOA:
clinical signs:
treatment:

Answer 18

cats
unidentified toxin, all parts poisonous, as little as 2 leaves
kidney failure
GI decontamination (emesis, activated charcoal, cathartic) & fluid therapy

Question 19

Holly (ilex spp.)
MOA & clinical sign

Answer 19

alkaloid
gastroenteritis

Question 20

Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina Domestica)
MOA & clinical signs

Answer 20

alkaloids - berbine & nantenine
seizures, resp failure

Question 21

Sensitive Plant (mimosa spp.)
MOA & clinical signs

Answer 21

mimosine
hair loss in cattle/horses

Question 22

Sago Palms
MOA & clinical sign

Answer 22

BMAA (amino acids) = neuro lesions
glycoside cycasin = liver damage/failure (coag necrosis with stromal collapse, hepatocellular degeneration)

Question 23

Hyacinth toxin

Answer 23

toxalbumins - lectin + glycoproteins

Question 24

Mistletoe toxin

Answer 24

toxalbumins - glycoproteins

Question 25

Tulips toxin

Answer 25

toxalbumins - lectin + glycoproteins

Question 26

begonia MOA

Answer 26

oxalate crystals in stems/tubers

Question 27

Philodendron MOA

Answer 27

calcium oxalate crystals (raphides) in idioblast cells

Question 28

Peace Lily MOA

Answer 28

oxalate crystals in stems/leaves

Question 29

Kalanchoe MOA

Answer 29

cardiac glycoside - bufadienolides in flower

Question 30

Agave MOA

Answer 30

hepatoxic sapogenins

Question 31

Hosta MOA

Answer 31

saponins/sapogenins

Question 32

Yucca MOA

Answer 32

steroidal saponins/sapogenins

Question 33

Peppers, Larkspur, Ivy MOA

Answer 33

peppers - terpenoids
larkspur - diterpenoid alkaloid
ivy - triterpenoid saponins

Question 34

causes of vomiting and diarrhea

Answer 34

diterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins

Question 35

Bleeding heart, Ivy, Honeysuckle, Mistletoe, Tulip, Wisteria

Answer 35

vomiting

Question 36

Aloe, Asparagus, Clematis

Answer 36

diarrhea

Question 37

Lilies, Rattlebush, Coffee Bean, Grapes/raisins

Answer 37

oxalates - renal failure

Question 38

Red Maple, Onions, Perwinkle

Answer 38

oxidants - hemolysis, methemogloninemia, anemia

Question 39

Deadly nightshade, Foxglove, Christmas rose, Tobacco, Yellow Oleander

Answer 39

cardiac glycosides - cardiac abnormalities

Question 40

Sweet Shrub, allspice, Macadamia nut, Catnip, Poppy

Answer 40

neuro signs, hallucinations

Question 41

Cestru, jasmine, Melaleuca tea tree, Cardboard palm

Answer 41

liver disease

Question 42

macadamia nuts toxicity and treatment

Answer 42

weakness, ataxia, depression, vomiting, muscle tremors, weakness, lameness, hyperthermia, elevated ALP, triglyceride and lipase levels

no treatment, dogs recover ~24 hours