Decontamination + Zersen Cases Flashcards
best drugs for dogs to induce emesis
apomorphine
dexmedetomidine
hydromorphone
ropinirole/clevor
best drugs for cats to induce emesis
dexmedetomidine
hydromorphone
when would you want to induce emesis at home with 3% hydrogen peroxide?
if the animal ingested antifreeze/ethylene glycol and you cannot get to a vet quickly
when would you use a gastric lavage
if emesis is contraindicated (e.g. acids/bases or essential oils/potpourri)
methylxanthine large ingestion and symptomatic
what medication should you pair with giving activated charcoal
antiemetic & cathartic
what toxins do you NOT use activated charcoal for
alcohols (ethylene glycol, ethanol), xylitol, heavy metals
what decontamination can you do for lipid soluble toxins such as (bupivacaine, lidocaine, propranolol, verapamil, diltiazem, CCB, clomipramine, chlorpromazine, lamotrigine, pyrethrins, baclofen, moxidectin, ivermectin, NSAIDs, THC, bromethalin)
intralipid emulsion (ILE) via IV
the triage exam includes
CABCDE
catastrophic bleeding
airway
breathing
circulation
disability (neuro)
exposure (open wounds)
seizure medications
midazolam or diazepam
diuresis is recommended when?
if drug is excreted via the kidney
medications for agitation, hyperactivity
acepromazine, midazolam, cyproheptadine
antiemetic example
maropitant + ondansetron
pro kinetic example
metoclopramide
proton pump inhibitor example
when would you use this?
prantoprazole/omeprazole
gastric ulcers or esophagitis
what are the 3 classes of antidotes
- chemical or causal antidotes
- functional antidotes
- pharmacological or physiological antidotes
examples of chemical or causal antidotes
chelating agents for heavy metals
immunotherapies
activated charcoal
examples of functional antidotes
midazolam for seizures
atropine for organophosphatases and carbamates
prednisone for hypercalcemia
pharmacological or physiological antidote examples for opioid toxicity and ethylene glycol
opioid toxicity - naloxone
ethylene glycol - fomepizole
Marijuana
excreted?
enterohepatic recirculation?
clinical signs?
excretion: bile, feces
enterohepatic recirculation: yes
clinical signs: lethargy, ataxia, incontinence/dribbling urine
do human drug screens detect marijuana ingestion in dogs
NO
how rapidly is ethylene glycol absorbed from GI tract
very rapid – minutes-2 hours
diagnostics for ethylene glycol toxicity
history
clinical signs
venous or arterial blood gas
blood concentration of EG
urinalysis
osmolarity
wood’s lamp
treatment for ethylene glycol toxicity
hemodialysis is BEST
antidote - fomepizole
can give ethanol
IV fluids, GI support, urinary catheter
systems most affected by NSAIDs toxicity
GI
renal
CNS
vitamin D toxicity
excreted by?
enterohepatic recirculation?
clinical signs
antidote?
excretion: bile, feces
enteroheptatic recirculation: yes
clinical signs: PUPD, vomit, anorexia, hemorrhagic diarrhea
no antidote
most common complication of vitamin D toxicity
hypercalcemia
treatment for vitamin D toxicity
what about if the patient is hypercalcemia
0.9% NaCl IV fluids
maropitant
phosphate binders
IF HYPERCALCEMIC - diuretics (furosemide), dexamethasone SP, bisphosphate, urinary catheter
