Poisoning of the Digestive Tract, Liver and Photosensitisation Flashcards
Most Frequent Symptoms
1) Chemical irritation
2) Too acidic pH
3) Mechanical irritation
4) Indigestible plant fibres
Spurge Poisoning
1) Cypress Spurge
2) Phorbol Esters
3) Tumor Promoters
4) Through activation of Protein Kinase C
Symptoms of Spurge Poisoning
1) Mouth irritation
2) Inflammation of GT
3) Vomiting
4) Diarrhoea, Colic
5) Dermatitis + Conjuctivitis
Ivy Poisoning
1) Hederin
Hederin Poisoning
1) Its a triterpenoid glycoside
2) Has a Saponin effect
Saponins Mechanism of Action
1) Emulsifying Effect from Amphipati Glycosides which have both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties
2) Foam is produced in the stomach/rumen
3) If enter cell membranes - disintegrated cell membranes
4) Irritation of mucous membranes
Oak Poisoning
1) Tannins
Oak Poisoning mechanism of Action
1) Ability to precipitate proteins
2) Cause necrosis in the liver and renal tubules
Symptoms of Oak Poisoning
1) Weakness
2) Constipation
3) Tarry Diarrhoea
4) Dehydration
5) Tubular necrosis in kidneys
6) Death after 4-7 days
About Photosensitisation in General
1) Presence of photodynamic agents in the skin
2) Skin becomes more susceptible to the disadvantageous effects of (UV) light
Primary Photosensitisation
1) induce photosensitisation directly
2) Can be ingested, injected, or absorbed from the skin surface
Secondary Photosensitisation
1) Most frequent type
2) Photoactive Phytoporphyrins - derived from the microbial breakdown of chlorophylls are accumulated in blood plasma and tissues due to liver dysfunctions caused by other hepatotoxins
Symptoms + Plants
1) Develops within 24 hours + most dangerous in the first few days
2) Scratching and rubbing
3) Lesions
4) Skin Necrosis
5) Skin sloughs off
1) St. Johns Wort
2) Ragwort
