Plant with Complex effects, Oxalate and Nitrate Poisoning Flashcards
Tansy
1) Asteracea
2) High doses was formerly applied to induce abortions
3) High Thujone Content
Mechanism of Thujone
1) Monoterpenoids
2) In the CNS, thujones act as GABA = gamma-aminobutyric acid
3) Bind to GABA receptors
4) Thujones can open the Cl- ion channels in neurons
5) Cl- ions enter the neurons - hyperpolarization of cell membrane -
reduced neuronal excitability
Effects of Thujone
1) It has a convulsant effect: spasms, seizures, (miscarriage)
2) It can cause damages in liver and kidneys
3) Whole plant is poisonous
Tall Buttercup + Marsh Marigold
1) Ranunculaceae
2) Contain ranunculin
Mechanism of Ranunculin
1) Inactive Glycoside
2) No specific Biological effect
3) Can react with - enzymes, DNA, RNA
4) Inhibits cell Mitosis
5) Growth depression in microbes
Symptoms of Ranunculin Poisoning
1) Irritation of skin and mouth - sensation of burning
2) Irritation of GT
3) Milk with a bitter flavour
4) Seizures
5) Laboured breathing, low heart rate
6) Lethal in large amounts
Plants with Oxalic Acid and Oxalates
1) Araceae, Amaranthaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Oxalidaceae
Water Soluble Oxalic Acid
1) Irritates GT
2) ability to bind dietary Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ ions to form water-insoluble oxalate crystals
Water Insoluble Oxalate Crystals
1) Oxalate crystals are stored in specific cells (in idioblasts) in plants
2) Penetrate the skin and mucous membranes
3) Inflammation, salivation, renal disorders = oxalosis
4) Oxalate crystals accumulate in blood, blood vessels, eyes, bones, skeletal and cardiac muscle
Symptoms (Oxalates)
1) Decreases the Ca2+ levels of blood serum - results in tremors, tetany, collapse, death
2) Causes renal fibrosis and damages in renal tubules
3) Slow clotting of blood, slow rumen motility
4) Decreased voluntary feed intake - Decrease in production
Plants (Oxalates)
1) Sheep’s Sorrel
2) Fleshy Forages
Plants with high level of Nitrate
1) Redroot Pigweed
2) Root Crops
3) Nitrate levels depends on cultivation
Nitrate Facts
1) Nitrate itself is not poisonous
2) It gets reduced to Nitrite in the oral cavity
3) Nitrite Oxidises Iron (II) to Iron (III) in haemoglobin
4) Forms Methemoglobin
5) Incapable of O2 transport
6) Nitrite is further oxidised to NO which has a vasodilator effect- relaxation of smooth muscle cells
Symptoms of Nitrate
1) Blood containing Methemoglobin is chocolate colour
2) Headache, weakness, chest pain
3) Abnormal heart beat
40 Seizures, Coma, Death
