NB of Cereals in Animal Nutrition

Question 1

Name 5 Cereals

Answer 1

Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye, Maize

Question 2

Nutritional Characteristics of Cereals

Answer 2

Contain a large amount of well digestible nutrients

1) Starch (high energy content)
2) Phosphorus: High
3) Fatty Acids: Low
4) Proteins: Low
5) Fibers: Low
6) Contain Vitamins B+E
7) Contain Trypsin Inhibitors

Question 3

Utilisation of Cereal Crops

Answer 3

1) Fresh Plants
2) Whole grains, meal bran flour
3) Straw - food + bedding + fuel
4) Medicine

Question 4

Anti-nutritives

Answer 4

1) Gluten - Autoantibodies - coeliac disease
2) Arabinoxylan - If eaten in large quantities it has a gelling effect - Sticky face (IBS)
3) Phytates - decreased food conversion
4) Trypsin Inhibitors- decreased food conversion

Question 5

Claviceps Purpurea

Answer 5

1) Induce smooth muscle contraction - Abortion

2) Ergot alkaloids = lysergic acid derivates

Question 6

E. gangrenosus

Answer 6

1) Low but long-term poisoning

2) Gangrene – vasoconstriction, reduced blood supply, narrowing blood vessels - limbs fall off

Question 7

E. convulsivus

Answer 7

1) High level and one-time poisoning
2) Headache
3) Itching
4) Seizures and spams
5) Hallucination, visions

Question 8

Nutritive Value of Maize

Answer 8

1) Highest energy content
2) High starch and fat many polyunsaturated fatty acids
3) Lowest proportion of protein
4) Carotenoids - colouring effect, yellow egg yolk
5) Vitamin B3

Question 9

Utilisation of Maize

Answer 9

1) Silage corn – whole plant
2) Forage for dairy cows
3) 15-30 t/ha
4) Harvest: August

Question 10

Anti-nutritive Properties of Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum x drummondii –

Answer 10

1) Cyanogenic glycosides
2) Mainly in young stem and leaves
3) Release hydrogen cyanide
4) Inhibition of cell respiration