NB of Pulse Crops and Oil Plants in Animal Nutrition

Question 1

Pulse crops family

Answer 1

Fabaceae

Question 2

What are pulse crops?

Answer 2

1) Annual legumes
2) Used for their fleshy seeds
3) Used as forage meals - large seeds - nutrients in cotyledons
4) As human food and animal forage

Question 3

Examples of Pulse Crops

Answer 3

Soya Bean
Field Bean
Pea

Question 4

Protein Content

Answer 4

20-40%

Question 5

Carbs

Answer 5

Poor in Carbs

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

B1,2,3

Question 7

Anti nutritive compounds in family Fabaceae

Answer 7

1) Protease (trypsin, chymotrypsin) inhibitors
2) Amylase inhibitor - reduces carb digestion
3) Oligosaccharide - non digestable compounds causing colic
4) Phytoestrogen (isoflavonoids, coumestans) hormonal effects
5) Saponins - change of membrane permeability; reduced growth; agglutination of hemoglobin; cholic
6) Cyanogenic glycosides -inhibition of cellular respiration
7) Quinolisidine alkaloids - reduced growth, damages liver

Question 8

Elimination of anti nutritives

Answer 8

1) heat treatments - cooking, steaming or roasting, extruder machines (applying heat and high pressure)
2) plant breeding (selection of cultivars)
3) fermentation (for saponins) – ensilage

Question 9

Seeds Use

Answer 9

1) Human Consumption

2) Livestock forage

Question 10

Green Parts Use

Answer 10

1) Straw
2) Fresh Forage
3) Silage

Question 11

Nutritive Value of Soybean

Answer 11

1) High Protein
2) High Oil
3) Starch
4) Vitamins A, E, K

Question 12

Antinutritives in Soybean

Answer 12

1) Protease Inhibitors
2) Lectins - phytohaemagglutinins
3) Anti-vitamins (inhibition of vitamine A, B12, D, E)
4) Goitrogens (suppression of thyroid hormones)
5) Phytoestrogens
6) Allergenes - glycinin
7) Phytic acids (phytates)

Question 13

Effects of soy foods on human health

Answer 13

A higher intake of soy foods and soy isoflavones is associated with lower sperm concentrations