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HP Exam 3 > Pocket Pet Medicine > Flashcards

Pocket Pet Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What suborder do rats and mice belong to?

A

myomorpha

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2
Q

How many toes do rats and mice have?

A

5

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3
Q

are rats and mice nocturnal?

A

yes

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4
Q

where is the harderian gland that produces porphyrin present in rats and mice?

A

in the orbit around both eyes

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5
Q

how can you sex rats and mice?

A

anogenital distance
longer in males

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6
Q

how many mammary glands do rats have vs mice?

A

rats - 6 pairs
mice - 5 pairs

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7
Q

what is the average lifespan of rats vs mice?

A

rats – 2-3 yr
mice – 1.5-3 yr

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8
Q

T/F: you should have feed available ad libitum for rats and mice

A

true

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9
Q

T/F: rats and mice are generally great pets for small children because they have gentle, docile personalities

A

false – they bite :/

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10
Q

what disease does Sendai Virus (murine parainfluenza virus type 1) cause in juvenile mice?

A

respiratory problems
pnuemonia
stunting
high mortality

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11
Q

A client presents to your clinic with a mouse that is lethargic, anorexic, has lost weight, and has a rough coat. You diagnose this patient with lymphocytic choriomeningitis. This virus is spread in urine, dropping, saliva, and contaminated nesting material. Is this virus zoonotic?

A

yes

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12
Q

What intestinal disease in rats is cause by clostridium piliforme, c. perfringens, and c. difficile? It is characterized by weight loss, perineal staining, diarrhea, and rapid death.

A

tyzzers disease

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13
Q

what is the transmission of tyzzers disease?

A

fecal oral

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14
Q

is tyzzers disease zoonotic?

A

yes

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15
Q

What highly contagious coronaviral disease of rats causes dry eye, no saliva, and weight loss?

A

sialocryoadenitis virus (SDAV)

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16
Q

What is the most common mammary tumor type in rats and mice?

A

fibroadenoma

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17
Q

what is the treatment for mammary tumors in mice and rats?

A

surgical removal
but they do tend to reoccur

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18
Q

what are dental problems in mice and rats most commonly caused by? (4 things)

A

soft diets or calcium-deficient diets
fractures of jaw or other trauma

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19
Q

what is the treatment for dental problems in mice and rats?

A

clip or trim abnormal incisors and correct diet.

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20
Q

what suborder is a hamster?

A

myomorpha

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21
Q

what is the lifespan of most hamsters?

A

2-3 years

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22
Q

T/F: hamsters have a large cecum which affects which antibiotics we are able to use in the treatment of bacterial infections because if the antibiotics kill off the normal flora, the hamster will suffer severe diarrhea

A

true

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23
Q

why are hamsters aggressive when you wake them up?

A

because they are deep sleepers.

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24
Q

what does it mean to say hamsters have “crepuscular activity”?

A

they are active at dusk and dawn

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25
Q

T/F: hamster cheeks are used transport food and can be everted

A

true

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26
Q

what is the typical hamster diet?

A

they are omnivorous, so they eat veggies, seeds, fruits, and meat.

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27
Q

how do you sex hamsters?

A

anogenital distance
greater in males

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28
Q

what bacterial organism causes Proliferative Ileitis (wet tail) in hamsters?

A

clostridium difficile + others

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29
Q

what are the symptoms of proliferative ileitis (wet tail) in hamsters?

A

lethargy, anorexia, ruffled coat, typhilitis, diarrhea, dehydration, death

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30
Q

what situations can cause proliferative ileitis in hamsters?

A

post-antibitoic therapy
stress
poor diet
recently weaned (Stress)

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31
Q

The transmission of the organism that causes proliferative ileitis in hamsters is fecal oral. Is this pathogen zoonotic?

A

yes

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32
Q

What are the 2 most common bacterial isolates for hamster pneumonia?

A

pasteurella pneumotropica
streptococcus pneumoniae

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33
Q

can you treat pneumonia in hamsters?

A

yes, but be careful about which antibiotic you choose because we do not want to cause ileitis

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34
Q

is hamster pneumonia zoonotic?

A

yes

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35
Q

A hamster presents to your clinic with anorexia and weight loss. you notice that this hamster has bloody diarrhea and is significantly dehydrated. The owner claims they have other hamsters with similar symptoms that developed yesterday and when he woke up this morning, they were dead. What condition does this sound like? (hint: it is NOT wet tail)

A

Tyzzers Disease

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36
Q

T/F: hamsters can get lymphocytic choriomeningitis in addition to mice, however they may or may not show clinical signs.

A

true

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37
Q

what suborder are gerbils a part of?

A

myomorpha

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38
Q

what is the lifespan of gerbils?

A

3-4 years

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39
Q

what is the most desirable aspect of gerbils to owners looking to adopt?

A

their urine output is small and bedding does not need to be changed as often

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40
Q

T/F: hamster and gerbil cheek pouches are evertable

A

false – only hamster.

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41
Q

T/F: gerbils are gregarous and will be stressed if they are alone

A

true

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42
Q

What behavior in gerbils and rabbits is considered a sign of aggression or excitement?

A

foot stomping

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43
Q

how do we sex gerbils?

A

anogenital distance
greater in males

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44
Q

what is the typical diet of gerbils?

A

they are granivorous and omnivorous
you should avoid total seed-based diets (bc they are low in calcium)

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45
Q

T/F: no viral diseases have been identified in gerbils

A

true

46
Q

What causes nasal dermatitis in gerbils?

A

stress, irritation from porphyrin secretion on nose and face
sometimes a secondary bacterial infection with staph aureus is present

47
Q

what is the best treatment for nasal dermatitis in gerbils?

A

remove the stressors
clean face daily
+/- topical ophthalmic ointment

48
Q

T/F: gerbils carry clostridium piliforme subclinically in their intestinal tract

A

true

49
Q

What effect does tyzzers disease (c. piliforme) have on postpartum and young, recently-weaned gerbils?

A

high mortality

50
Q

salmonellosis is most common in what age group of gerbils?

A

juveniles (3-6 weeks)

51
Q

T/F: salmonellosis in gerbils can manifest as systemic disease such as hepatitis and peritonitis

A

true

52
Q

T/F: antibiotic treatment for salmonellosis in gerbils is unrewarding

A

true

53
Q

what is the treatment for tail degloving in gerbils?

A

amputation

54
Q

what suborder do guinea pigs belong to?

A

hystricomorpha

55
Q

what are the 3 major differences between hystricomorphas (guineas, chinchillas, nutria) and myomorphas (hammies, gerbils, rats, mice)?

A
  • hystrico. have longer gestation periods
  • hystrico. produces precocious offspring
  • hystrico. have cellular membrane that closes over vaginal opening except during estrus and at parturition
56
Q

Do guinea pigs have tails?

A

no

57
Q

what makes oral examination difficult for guinea pigs and rabbits?

A

mouth does not open very wide

58
Q

why are guinea pigs sensitive to antibiotics?

A

they have a large cecum (similar to hamsters)

59
Q

Describe appropriate handling of guinea pigs

A

support chest and rear quarters

do NOT hold animal by scruff of neck (their bodies are really heavy)

60
Q

what is the lifespan of guinea pigs?

A

5-7 years

61
Q

what is unique about guinea pig urine?

A

it is thick and cloudy and has a pH of 9

62
Q

what is typical/normal guinea pig behavior?

A

very vocal and social
freeze when hear sounds
run in response to motion
suspicious of new stuff
rigid habits!!! does NOT like change (est. food pref early in life)

63
Q

what is the diet of a guinea pig?

A

herbivorous
they require vitamin C in their diet.

resistant to change in foods

64
Q

Why are wire cage bottoms not appropriate for guinea pigs?

A

can cause pododermatitis as well as leg and toe injuries

65
Q

what are UNacceptable bedding options for guinea pigs?

A

cedar and sawdust

66
Q

how do you sex guinea pigs?

A

digital pressure to extrude penis in males
female has a “Y” shaped opening

anogenital distance is NOT appropriate with this species.

67
Q

why must a guinea pig be bred and deliver her first litter prior to 6-8 months of age?

A

the female pubic symphysis relaxes and separates prior to parturition to increase the diameter of the birth canal

if she never gets pregnant and gives birth, this will not occur. if this process does not occur, this will result in PERMANENT fusion of the pubic symphysis and future dystocia.

68
Q

What are the 2 bacterial pathogens that are involved in respiratory disease of guinea pigs (predominately young or stressed guineas)?

A

bordetella bronchiseptica
streptococcus pneumonia

69
Q

what the transmission of bordetella bronchiseptica and
streptococcus pneumonia causing respiratory disease in guinea pigs? (3 routes)

A

direct contact
aerosol
fomites

70
Q

What causes scurvy in guinea pigs?

scurvy is a condition characterized by respiratory disease, malocclusion, diarrhea, pododermatitis, lameness, enlarged long bone junctions, and joint stiffness

A

vitamin C deficiency causes impaired collagen synthesis

71
Q

What is the primary etiology of antibiotic associated enterotoxemia in guinea pigs, a condition characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, hypothermia, and sudden death?

A

clostridium difficile
proliferates when normal GI flora is disrupted (d/t antibiotics)

72
Q

how do you treat antibiotic associated enterotoxemia in guinea pigs?

A

reestablish GI flora – lactobacillus, transfaunation
supportive care (fluids, food)

73
Q

do guinea pigs get salmonella?

A

yes – salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis through fecal-oral or conjunctival routes.
mostly GI signs, but supportive care and safe antibiotics are recommended for treatment.

74
Q

what bacterial pathogen causes cervical lymphadenitis in guinea pigs?

this condition is characterized by SQ cervical masses with yellow-white exudate

A

streptococcus zooepidemicus

(which is normal flora of the conjunctiva and nasal cavity)

75
Q

how do you treat cervical lymphadenitis in guinea pigs?

A

lance and flush
or surgical excision

76
Q

is the pathogen involved in cervical lymphadenitis of guinea pigs considered to be zoonotic?

A

yes

77
Q

what order are rabbits a part of?

A

lagomorph

78
Q

T/F: rabbits have very heavy skeletons, so you should be careful when handling them for this reason.

A

false – their skeletons are light.
still be careful handling but mostly because they will jump

79
Q

are rabbits as sensitive to antibiotics as hamsters and guinea pigs?

A

yes
they are hindgut fermenters with large cecums

80
Q

what is the lifespan of rabbits?

A

6-15 years

81
Q

why do rabbits exhibit thumping behavior?

A

stress

82
Q

how should you handle a rabbit appropriately?

A

scoop up, cradle, or place in bunny burrito

83
Q

What type of diet do rabbits require?

A

high-fiber diet (>18%)

83
Q

What type of diet do rabbits require?

A

high-fiber diet (>18%)

84
Q

what bacterial pathogen causes snuffles in rabbits?

a condition that causes either respiratory illness or inner ear issues

A

pasteurella multocida

85
Q

is the pathogen involved in snuffles zoonotic?

A

yes

86
Q

T/F: young rabbits are asymptomatic carriers of pasteurella multocida

A

false – adults

young rabbits die of septicemia

87
Q

what causes “slobbers” in rabbits?

a condition characterized by difficulty eating, problems grooming, slobbering, losing weight, lateral tongue ulcers, trauma to inner cheek

A

malocclusion

88
Q

how can you prevent slobbers in rabbits?

A

feed timothy hay to encourage the use of their molars
trim teeth

89
Q

T/F: you need to provide rabbits with chewing toys so that you can prevent malocclusion

A

false – the teeth wear by grinding against one another NOT by chewing on materials.

90
Q

What causes GI stasis in rabbits?

a condition characterized by anorexia, decreased pellet production, thick doughy gastric contents, and impaction

A

stress, low fiber diet, inadequate water consumption

91
Q

how do you treat GI stasis in rabbits?

A

correct cause
rehydrate
offer greens

92
Q

A rabbit presents to your clinic with a swelling on the back of its neck. There is a small hole within the swelling and you see a larval worm of some sort. What is your diagnosis?

A

cuterebriasis
(larval stage of bot fly)

93
Q

how do you treat cuterebriasis in rabbits?

A

remove larvae (whole if possible)
flush wound
antibiotics if debilitated
limit access to outdoors

94
Q

A rabbit presents to your clinic with a scaly circular area of hair loss on its face. What is your presumptive diagnosis?

A

dermatophytosis (fungal infection aka ringworm)

95
Q

is dermatophytosis zoonotic?

A

yes

96
Q

what is the name of the non-burrowing skin mite of rabbits that causes moderate hair loss and scaly skin. It is transmitted by contact and is considered zoonotic.

A

cheyletiella parasitovorax

97
Q

What order are ferrets a part of?

A

carnivora

98
Q

what are the 2 basic color types of ferrets?

A

albino
fitch

99
Q

what is the lifespan of ferrets?

A

5-8 years

100
Q

What is the reason ferrets smell so bad?

A

they have very large anal glands

101
Q

T/F: ferrets require only 9 hours of sleep a day similar to humans

A

false – they sleep 16-18 hours per day

102
Q

why are ferrets prone to Foreign bodies?

A

they chew on and swallow everything

103
Q

describe the diet of ferrets

A

strictly carnivores
they require high-calorie, high-protein, low-fiber diet

104
Q

T/F: it is ok to give a ferret cat food but never dog food.

A

true – dog food has too much CHOs

105
Q

how often should you bathe a ferret?

A

no more than once every 3-4 weeks.
bathing does NOT rid the smell

106
Q

what neoplasia is most common in ferrets 4-5 years old and causes mental dullness, tremors, seizures, collapse, tachycardia, hypothermia, and posterior paresis?

A

insulinoma of islet cell and beta cell

107
Q

what condition is most common in middle aged ferrets and causes progressive alopecia, vulvar swelling, return of male sexular behavior, and pruritis?

A

adrenal disease (hyperadrenocorticism)

108
Q

what are the 2 distinct clinical manifestations of lymphoma in ferrets?

A

young ferrets – acute
old ferrets – chronic

109
Q

A ferret presents to your clinic with anorexia, mucupurulent naso-ocular discharge, rashes, hyperkeratotic feet, fever, and CNS signs. It dies while at your clinic. What is the diagnosis?

A

distemper (paramyxovirus)

treatment would have been unsuccessful anyways

110
Q

what is the most well-documented zoonotic disease in ferrets?

A

influenza

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