POB Exam 3 Flashcards
Charles Darwin contributed what to the biological evolution
Came up with the first theory (Natural Selection)
Did Darwin invent the concept of evolution?
False no
Lamarck’s theory of evolution was mainly about
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Ex) if short giraffe stretched neck enough to get food it would get taller
Darwin theory log evolution was mainly about
Evolution by natural selection
Ex) small giraffes could not reach food from tree so they died out leaving giraffes who were tall and could get food to pass there genes down to next generation.
Eventually only tall giraffes
What are the evidence of evolution
Fossil and structure
What are fossils
Remains of traces of the past
How are fossils created
Quick Barisal and accumulation of sediments
After being buried in sediment and hardened rock organic material slowly get washed away
If space remains it is a mold
If silica fills the space is a cast
A dead animal is more likely to become fossilized if
It dies in a river delta with much sediment (by you have to be buried quickly to become a fossil-sedimentation is perfect)
What are transitional forms
Shows form transition
Ex) reduced hind limbs and pelvic bones in Whales which used to have a form of 4 legs (cetaceans)
Vestigial structures are what
Anatomical structure with a function in one group of organism but are reduced and possibly no function in a closely related group
Lost and reduced structure
Ex) appendix and whale hind limbs
Archaea are closely related to what?
Eukaryotes
Both have histones
What are the main characteristic of archaea
-Single cell genome and closed circular DNA molecule
-Plasma membrane
(One single lipid layer w/ branch side chains)
-No nucleus
-prokaryote
-live in extreme environments
What are the three main type of archaea
Halophiles
Thermoacidophiles
Methanogens
What are Halophile archaea
They live in extremely salty environments like the Dead Sea
Thermoacidophiles are what type of archaea
They are kinda that live in extremely hot and acidic environments like Hot springs or underwater thermal vents
What kind of archaea are methanogens
They live in anaerobic environments (no oxygen) for example in animal stomachs (cows)
They use co2 and hydrogen as an energy source
What are some characteristics of bacteria
-They have flagella for locomotion
-Fimbriae for binding on to things (hooks)
-they have a single circular chromosome
They have a peptidoglycan layer that is either thick or thin
When conducting gram stain to classify bacteria what are the colors purple and pink indicate
Purple mean that the bacteria has a thick layer of peptidoglycan
Pink means they have a thin layer of peptidoglycan
Purple is longer than pink so therefore thicker
What are the 3 different types of metabolism in bacteria
Heterotrophs
Chemoautotrophs
Photo autotrophs
What are heterotrophs
They are organisms that must seek food to gain energy
What are chemoautotrophs
They use chemical compounds to get energy
What are photo autotrophs
They use photosynthesis to get energy
Ex) Cyanobacteria (blue green algae)
What are the three bacteria shapes
Rod (bacillus )
Spherical (coccus)
Spiral/helical (spirillus)
What are the 3 types of gene transfer that bacteria perform
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction