pnuemonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
an infection that inflames the lungs. airsacs, and alveoli
can fill up with fluid or pus
what are some common symptoms? 9
cough fever chills and trouble breathing (dyspnea) malaise plueral pain hemoptysis productive or dry cough (green yellow or rusty color) adventitious lung sounds either diminished or crackles
Risk factors of pneumonia: 15
chronic illness debilitation
cancer
abd or thoracic surgery
atelectasis
cold/viral resp infections
chronic resp disease
influenza
smoking
alcoholism
malnutrition
sickle cell
immunosuppresion therapy
tracheostomy
exposure to noxious gases
aspiration
how to diagnose pneumonia?
- sputum culture
- chest x ray ( best way, first way, number one way)
- ABG’s
how long is the antibiotic treatment of pneumonia ?
5- 10 days
what are the pt teaching/ discharge instructions for pneumonia? 9
- finish complete course of antibiotics
- repeat chest x-ray 6-8 wks
- make and keep follow up appt
- call hcp if symptoms become worse
- wash hands and dispose of waste appropriately
- case manager for meds, o2 or homehealth
- pulmonary rehab
- chaplin
- nutrition
lab and diagnostic testing for pneumonia includes what? 8
- chest xray
- sputum culture: so we know how to treat the specific bacteria
- cbc: WBC more than 14
- pulse ox/abg’s
- blood culture: ensure pt is not becoming septic
- thoracentesis: alot of fluid built up in the plueral space
- bronchoscopy: a camera that can look into the lungs, passed through windpipe then to lungs
- CRP: a test that shows inflammation
Treatment for pneumonia includes what? 8
- Antimicrobial based on causative agent (from sputum and culture test)
- delay in antibiotics = INCREASED MORTALITY
- Humidified 02
- mechanical ventilation
- high calorie diet, adequate hydration = thins out secretions
- bronchodialator (inhaler, used to relax muscles and open airways)
- antitussives: med to prevent or relieve cough
- splint the chest to cough = pillow to cough
when do you know that the pt is getting better?
02 sat is greater than 95%
repeat chest xray 6-8wks
What is aspiration pneumonia?
abnormal secretion that enters into lower airway,
cause of pneumonitis is usually a secondary bacterial infection that occurs in 48-72hrs (causes a burn in the lung then becomes infected)
what are the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia? 6
- decreased loc
- difficulty swallowing
- NG tube
- alcohol intox
- gingivitis
- siezures
where does aspiration pneumonia occur in the lungs?
left lower lobe
right lower lobe
right upper lobe
why does aspiration pneumonia have a foul odor?
50% of cases are caused by anaerobic organism due to decaying or rooting of inhaled organism , other 50% has a combination of aerobic and anaerobic organisms (SITS AT BOTTOM OF LUNGS = TRASHCAN)
what is the bacteria that causes community acquired pneumonia?
streptococcus pneumoniae
happens more often in winter and spring
can be treated at home or in hospital
needs antibiotics asap
hospital acquired pnumonia (nosocomial ):
occurs 48 hours or more after admission
not incubating at time of admission
