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M2F > PNS1 > Flashcards

PNS1 Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral n- CT binding

A
  • epineurium- covers whole n
  • perineurium- fascicles
  • endoneurium- individual fibers
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2
Q

peripheral n- anatomy

A
  • myelinated- fast conducting; saltatory conduction

- unmyelinated- slow conducting (cannot be asses on EMG)

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3
Q

pain- fiber types

A

-smaller, unmyelinated fibers

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4
Q

position, touch, pressure, positional sense, vibratory sense- fiber types

A

-larger, myelinated fibers

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5
Q

peripheral n injury- pathological processes

A
  • wallerian degeneration (severed n)
  • segmental demyelination (GB)
  • axonal degeneration
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6
Q

Radiculopathy

A
  • n root dysfxn- caused by structural (discs, osteophytes, tumors) or non-structural (DM, infections)
  • C5-6= C6 n root compression
  • C6-7= C7 n root compression
  • L4-5= L5 n root compression
  • L5-S1= S1 n root compression
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7
Q

C5- pain, sensory, weakness, DTR loss

A
  • scapula, shoulder
  • lateral arm
  • should abd
  • biceps
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8
Q

C6- pain, sensory, weakness, DTR loss

A
  • scapula, shoulder, prox arm
  • 1-2 digit, lateral arm
  • shoulder abd, elbow flex
  • biceps
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9
Q

C7- pain, sensory, weakness, DTR loss

A
  • scapula, shoulder, elbow/forearm
  • 3rd digit
  • elbow ext, wrist ext, finger ext
  • triceps
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10
Q

C8- pain, sensory, weakness, DTR loss

A
  • scapula, shoulder, medial forearm
  • 4-5 digit
  • finger abd, finger flex
  • finger flexors
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11
Q

L4- pain, sensory, weakness, DTR loss

A
  • antlat thigh, knee, medial calf
  • medial calf
  • hip flex, knee ext
  • patella
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12
Q

L5- pain, sensory, weakness, DTR loss

A
  • dorsal thigh, lat calf
  • lat calf, dorsum foot
  • hamstrings; foot dorsiflex, inversion, eversion
  • none
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13
Q

S1- pain, sensory, weakness, DTR loss

A
  • post thigh, post calf
  • postlat calf, lat foot
  • hamstrings, foot plantarflex
  • achilles
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14
Q

Dermatome map- hallmarks to note

A
  • C6- thumb/index finger
  • C7- middle finger
  • C8- 4/5 finger
  • T1- medial forearm
  • T4- nipple line
  • T10- umbilicus
  • L1- inguinal
  • L4- medial calf
  • L5- lateral calf
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15
Q

Peripheral neuropathy- classification

A
  • Mononeuropathy- single n; sensory loss; weakness only in specific m’s
  • Polyneuropathy- diffuse, symmetrical dz (motor, sensory, or both); stocking/glove sensory loss; distal weakness; hypo or areflexia
  • Mononeuropathy multiplex- focal involvement of 2 or more n’s; can occur in systemic disorders (DM, vasculitis)
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16
Q

Peripheral neuropathy- sensory sx’s

A
  • Negative- loss of sensation
  • Positive:
  • paresthesias (pins and needles)- large myelinated fiber dz
  • pain- small unmyelinated fiber dz- burning sensations, dysesthesia (gentle touch), hyperalgesia (lowered threshold to pain), hyperpathia (pain excessively felt)
17
Q

Peripheral neuropathy- motor sx’s

A
  • distal weakness
  • cramps
  • m fasciculations
  • atrophy
  • dec DTRs
  • reduced tone
18
Q

Peripheral neuropathy- sensory sx- large fiber? lower fiber?

A 
Large myelinated fibers- impairment of:
-light-touch
-2-pt discrimination
-vibration
-joint position sense
Small unmyelinated fibers- dec pain and T
19
Q

CNS (vs Peripheral patterns)- motor system- paresis, tone, bulk, fasciculations; reflexes, sensory loss

A
  • UMN:
  • paresis- patterns
  • tone- spastic
  • Reflexes:
  • DTRs- hyperactive
  • plantar- babinski sign
  • Sensory loss- patterns
20
Q

PNS (vs CNS)- motor system; paresis, tone, bulk, fasciculations; reflexes, sensory loss

A
  • LMN:
  • paresis- distal
  • tone- flaccid
  • bulk- atrophic
  • fasciculations- sometimes
  • DTRs- hypoactive
  • plantar- absent
  • sensory loss- hands and feet
21
Q

Brachial Plexopathy- etiology

A
  • compression/stretch (CABG)
  • infl/idiopathic (parsonage-turner)
  • radiation injury (upper trunk, lateral cord, painless)
  • neoplastic (breast, lung- medial cord, painful)
  • traumatic injury
  • ischemia (diabetic- lumbar)
22
Q

Upper limb entrapment neuropathies

A
  • median
  • ulnar
  • radial
23
Q

median n- site of compression

A
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
  • ant interosseous
  • pronator teres syndrome
24
Q

median n- sx’s

A
  • sensory- medial palmar surface of lower forearm and palm, thenar eminence (thumb base), thumb and adj 2 and 1/2 fingers
  • carpal tunnel syndrome- pain, numbness spread downward from wrist
25
Q

Pronator Syndrome- clinical features

A
  • dull ache- proximal forearm
  • pain exacerbation w forearm pronation
  • easy fatigue of forearm m’s
  • numbness of 2-3 fingers
  • absence of nocturnal awakening (vs carpal tunnel syndrome)
26
Q

Anterior interosseous syndrome

A

-Cant make Ok sign

27
Q

Ulnar mononeuropathy- common sites

A
  • axilla
  • elbow- medial epicondyle and olecranon
  • cubital tunnel- tendinous arch of FCU (flexor carpal ulnaris)
  • wrist- Guyon’s canal
28
Q

Ulnar mononeuropathy- sx’s

A

-froment sign (adductor pollicis)

29
Q

radial mononeuropathy- common sites

A
  • axilla- crutch palsy
  • humerus/spiral groove- saturday night palsy (most common)
  • supinator (posterior interosseous branch)
  • wrist (superficial radial sensory branch)- handcuffs- numbness back of thumb
30
Q

radial n- sx

A

-wrist drop- paresis of extensor m’s of wrist, finger, and thumb

31
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

(radial n- spiral groove)

-weakness of wrist and finger ext

32
Q

lower limb entrament neuropathies

A
  • sciatic
  • peroneal (most common)
  • lateral femoral cutaneous
33
Q

Sciatic n- predisposing factors, clinical features

A
  • intramuscular injections; fracture dislocations

- pain down lateral thigh, footdrop, absent ankle jerk

34
Q

Peroneal n- predisposing factors, clinical features

A
  • fibular neck- compression
  • leg crossing, squatting
  • foot drop, weak evertors, sensory loss in dorsum of foot
35
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous n- predisposing factors, clinical features

A
  • inguinal l
  • tight clothing, weight gain
  • sensory loss in lateral thigh
36
Q

Peroneal mononeuropathy- where? sx?

A

fibular head

  • weakness of foot dorsiflexion and eversion (FOOT DROP)
  • weakness of toe ext
  • sensory loss dorsum of foot

M2F (15 decks)

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