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Anatomy 2 Exam 1 > PNS, ANS and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

PNS, ANS and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Type of nerve that carries information away from the CNS

A

Efferent

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2
Q

Type of nerve that carries information to the CNS

A

Afferent

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3
Q

Visceral and somatic afferent nerves are found in this part of the spinal cord

A

Posterior horn

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4
Q

Visceral efferent nerves are found in this part of the spinal cord

A

Lateral horn

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5
Q

Sensory efferent nerves are found in this area of the spinal cord

A

Anterior horn

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6
Q

Sensory receptor involved with taste, smell, pH and metabolite concentrations

A

Chemoreceptors

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7
Q

Retinal visual receptors

A

Photoreceptors

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8
Q

These receptors respond to physical stimuli

A

Mechanoreceptors

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9
Q

Nociceptors respond to this

A

Pain

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10
Q

These receptors help determine where you are in relation to space

A

Proprioreceptors

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11
Q

These encapsulates receptors detect muscle length

A

Muscle spindles

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12
Q

Encapsulated receptors that detect muscle tension

A

Golgi tendon organs

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13
Q

The caudal end of the spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris

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14
Q

Where do the dorsal rootlets enter the spinal cord?

A

Posterolateral sulcus

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15
Q

These rootlets leave the spinal cord at the anterolateral sulcus

A

Ventral

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16
Q

The two sides of the spinal cord communicate through this area

A

Anterior white commissure

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17
Q

Where the axons from the DRG enter the spinal cord

A

Posterior intermediate sulcus

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18
Q

Where axons leave the anterior horn

A

Anterolateral sulcus

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19
Q

The posterior intermediate sulcus is only found above this spinal level

A

T6

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20
Q

Sensory fibers arising from the leg are found here

A

Fasiculus gracilis

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21
Q

The fasciculus cuneatus supplies sensory fibers to here

A

Arm

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22
Q

Part of the spinal cord that is involved with pain and temperature

A

Substantia gelatinosa

23
Q

Lissauer’s tract contains this

A

Finely mylienated and unmyleinated fibers

24
Q

Medial neuronal clusters in the anterior horn innervate these muscles

A

Axial

25
Q

The limb muscles are found in this area of the anterior horn

A

Lateral clusters

26
Q

Injuries to this area of the spinal cord causes the patient to not be able to breathe, and so are very dangerous

A

C3, C4, C5 (High spinal cord)

27
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are all located in this section of the spinal cord

A

T1-L3

28
Q

Collection of neurons on the medial surface of the intermediate gray matter from T1-L2

A

Clarke’s nucleus

29
Q

What is the function of Clarke’s nucleus

A

Relay for transmission of info to the cerebellum and proprioceptive info from leg

30
Q

This anchor the spinal cord laterally so it does not move side to side

A

Denticulate ligaments

31
Q

This ancholrs the conus medullaris to the end of the dural sheath and then to the coccyx

A

Filum terminale

32
Q

This reflex does not involve interneurons

A

Stretch reflex

33
Q

This artery feeds the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

A

Anterior spinal artery

34
Q

this artery anastamoses with the Anterior spinal artery at about T12

A

Artery of Adamkiewicz

35
Q

This system controls visceral activity

A

ANS

36
Q

Neurotransmitter that is used in both parasympathetic and the first synapse in sympathetics

A

Achetylcoline

37
Q

This neurotransmitter is used in the 2nd sympathetic synapse (usually)

A

Norepinephrine

38
Q

What is the exception for sympathetics using NE as 2nd synapse

A

Sweat glands, they use Ach for both

39
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system are located here

A

T1-L2/3

40
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located here

A

Brainstem and sacral cord

41
Q

Where CN III preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are located

A

Edinger-Wesphal nucleus

42
Q

Where the cell bodies of CN III post ganglionic fibers are located

A

Cilliary ganglion

43
Q

Post ganglionic fibers of CN VII that go the the lacrimal gland are located here

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

44
Q

Preganglionic fibers of CN IX are found here

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus

45
Q

The otic ganglion is where these are located

A

Posterior ganglion of CN IX

46
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies serving the GI tract are found here

A

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

47
Q

The nucleus ambiguous has preganglionic cell bodies that serve this organ

A

Heart

48
Q

The axons of the vagal nerve fibers terminate here

A

Wall of target tissue

49
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies are found here

A

Gray communicating ramus

50
Q

Thw white communicating ramus contains these

A

Preganglionic sympathetic nerves

51
Q

Post ganglionic fibers reach the head via this

A

Cervical ganglia and Carotid plexus

52
Q

Horner syndrome is characterized by these symptoms

A

Ptosis
Miosis
Endophthalmos
Anhydrosis

53
Q

Horner syndrome is caused by this

A

Apically situated lung cancer

54
Q

Pain from viscera perceived as arising from the surface

A

Referred pain

Anatomy 2 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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