Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2 Exam 1 > Neuro: Intro and Gross Brain Structure > Flashcards

Neuro: Intro and Gross Brain Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Subdivisions of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Subdivision of the brain that has two hemispheres separated by the longitudinal fissure

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Subdivision of the brain that contains the diencephalon

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structural and functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of neurons?

A

Receive and transmit bioelectrical signals across synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The area where one neuron communicates with another neuron

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Each neuron consists of these three things

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many axons do each neuron have?

A

One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type of neuron that is most commonly found in our neocortex or cerebral cortex.

A

Multipolar neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type of neurons that are mainly sensory neurons

A

Unipolar neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glutamate is a neurotransmitter with this type of action

A

Excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GABA is a neurotransmitter with this type of action

A

Inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neurotransmitter that is both excitatory and inhibitory

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Seratonin are this type of neurotransmitter.

A

Monoamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Monoamine neurotransmitters all have this type of action

A

Excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two neurotransmitters that are neuropeptides

A

ACTH

Substance P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A crossing of the midline by white matter tracts from dissimiliar sides.

A

Decussation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Crossing of the midline by a white matter tract from the exact same areas on both sides.

A

Commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Area of the frontal lobe that is involved in the primary motor cortex.

A

Precentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The precentral gyrus is the origin of this pathway

A

Descending motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Area of the frontal lobe that initiates voluntary movements

A

Precentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This area is responsible for production of spoken and written language

A

Broca’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is Broca’s area located (usually)

A

Inferior frontal gyrus of the left hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Part of the frontal lobe that is important in executive functions such as personality, foresight, and insight

A

Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Area of the frontal lobe where the olfactory bulb and tract lay

A

Gyrus rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Part of the parietal lobe that is posterior and almost parallel to the central sulcus

A

Postcentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sulcus on the parietal lobe that runs from the postcentral sulcus toward the occipital lobes.

A

Intraparietal sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The intraparietal sulcus seperates these two areas of the parietal lobe

A

Superior and inferior lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The inferior parietal lobule is comprised of this gyrus

A

Supramarginal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The postcentral and precentral gyri are referred to collectively as this lobule

A

Paracentral lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The precuneus is bounded by these four sulci

A

Subparietal
Calcrine
Parieto-occipital
Marginal branch of the cingulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

This gyrus of the parietal lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex

A

Post central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The post central gyrus is concerned with these functions

A

Initial processing of tactile and proprioceptive information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Part of the parietal lobe that is involved with language comprehension

A

Wernike’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where is Wernike’s area located

A

Inferior parietal lobe, usually on the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which lobe of the brain is involved with complex aspects of spatial orientation

A

Pareital cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

This seperates the occipitaltemporal gyrus from the limbic lobe

A

Collateral sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The interior surface of the tempral lobe is comprised of this gyrus

A

Occipitaltemporal (fusiform) gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

Superior surface of the temporal lobe and part of the superior temporal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where is higher order visual processing done in the brain?

A

Temporal lobe

41
Q

Part of the temporal lobe involved with learning and memory

A

Medial temporal lobe

42
Q

Wedge shaped area on the occipital lobe that is situated between the parieoccipital and clacarine sulci

A

Cuneus

43
Q

Gyrus that is inferior to the Calcarine sulcus

A

Lingual gyrus

44
Q

The lingual gyrus is continuous with this gyrus

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

45
Q

Where does the transition from the lingual and parahippocampal gyri occur?

A

Isthmus of the cingulate gyrus

46
Q

Lobe that is almost exclusively visual in function

A

Occipital

47
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

In the banks of the calcarine sulcus

48
Q

Gyrus of the limbic system that is superior to the corpus callosum

A

Cingulate gyrus

49
Q

Medial protrusion of the anterior aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus

A

Uncus

50
Q

This is found deep to the uncus

A

Amygdala

51
Q

Where is the hippocamupus found

A

In the hippocampal sulcus

52
Q

This lobe is important in emotional responses and memory

A

Limbic

53
Q

This overlies the site where the telencephalon and diencephalon fuse during development

A

Insula

54
Q

Part of the diencephalon that consists of the pineal gland

A

Epithalmus

55
Q

Area of the diencephalon that is located superior to the hypothalmic sulcus

A

Thalmus

56
Q

Area of the diencephalon that is located inferior to the hypothalmic sulcus

A

Hypothalmus

57
Q

Area of thalamic fusion across the midline

A

Massa intermedia

58
Q

The walls of the hypothalmus are also the walls of this structure

A

Third ventricle

59
Q

Most sensory information stops here before continuing to the cerebral cortex

A

Thalmus

60
Q

What is the only sensory function that does not first stop in the thalamus before going to the cerebral cortex?

A

Olfactory

61
Q

The motor system neural circuits are loops that involve these two areas

A

Cerebellum

Basal ganglia

62
Q

What separates the thalamus from the hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

63
Q

This is the posterior border of the hypothalamus

A

Mammillary body

64
Q

This connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

A

Infundibular stalk

65
Q

The function of this part of the brain is to convey information to and from the cerebrum

A

Brainstem

66
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve terminate?

A

Olfactory bulb

67
Q

Cranial nerve II is embryologically part of this

A

Diencephalon

68
Q

Where does the optic tract end?

A

Thalamus

69
Q

Where does the Oculomotor (CN III) nerve emerge from?

A

Interpeduncular fossa

70
Q

This is the only cranial nerve to emerge from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem.

A

Trochlear (CN IV)

71
Q

Where does the Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) emerge?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

72
Q

This is the longest Cranial Nerve

A

Vagus (CN X)

73
Q

This cranial nerve emerges from the upper cervical spinal cord, ascends to the skull, then reverses and goes into the neck.

A

Accessory (CN XI)

74
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

Suspend brain

Regulate extracellular fluid composistion

75
Q

This is the largest ventricle in the brain

A

Lateral ventricle

76
Q

This connects the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle

A

Interventricular foramen

77
Q

These are the major sites of CSF resorption into the venous system

A

Arachnoid villi

78
Q

These allow the brain to turn with the head

A

Meninges

79
Q

Outermost and toughest meningeal layer

A

Dura mater

80
Q

Where the CSF is found in the brain

A

Subarachnoid space

81
Q

Innermost meningeal layer that is attached to the CNS

A

Pia mater

82
Q

Arachnoid and pia are referred to collectively as this

A

Leptomeninges

83
Q

Dura septa that is found between the cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx cerebri

84
Q

Dura septa that is found between the cerebellum and cerebrum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

85
Q

Herniation of the singulate gyrus and cortex under the falx cerebri

A

Subfalcine herniation

86
Q

Herniation through the tentoral notch. It compromises the brainstem and can cause death.

A

Uncal herniation

87
Q

Epidural hemorrhages are due to this

A

Tear of meningeal arteries due to arterial bleeds

88
Q

Type of hemorrhage that is due to venous bleeds

A

Subdural

89
Q

This interconnects the Internal Carotid and vertebral-basilar systems via the Posterior communicating artery

A

Circle of Willis

90
Q

This interconnects the right and left side of the Circle of Willis

A

Anterior Communicating a.

91
Q

The anterior cerebral artery supplies these parts of the brain.

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

92
Q

The lateral cerebral artery supplies this part of the brain

A

Lateral cerebral hemispheres

93
Q

These arteries supply the basal ganglia, thalamus and internal capsule

A

Preforating arteries

94
Q

This artery supplies the inferior cerebellum and lateral medulla

A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

95
Q

Artery that supplies the superior cerebellum, caudal midbrain and rostral pons

A

Superior cerebellar artery

96
Q

What does the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar artery supply?

A

Flocculus and Caudal Pons

97
Q

What does the Posterior Cerebral Artery supply?

A

Temporal and Occipital lobes
Rostral midbrain
Posterior Diencephalon

98
Q

This controlls movement of materials from the bodies extracellular fluid to the brain’s extracellular fluid

A

Blood brain barrier

Anatomy 2 Exam 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions