PNS 303:2020 - 304:2020 Flashcards
PNS/BAFS PABES 303:2020
Postharvest Machinery – Rice Mill – Specifications
outer layer of the brown rice consisting of the aleurone cells covering the endosperm of
the rice grain
bran
pinawa
dehulled rice
cargo rice
dehusked rice
rice grains from which only the hull has been removed leaving the bran layer still intact
brown rice
ratio of the dehulled grains to the total amount of grain input
coefficient of hulling
ratio of the whole brown rice to the total amount of dehulled grains
coefficient of wholeness
ancillary device used to separate stones from the paddy and/or brown rice
destoner
grain or a piece of a grain with its length equal to or greater than 75% of the
average length of the whole grains
head rice
husker
component of a rice mill that removes the hull (palea and lemma) from the grains
huller
product of the coefficient of hulling and the coefficient of wholeness of grains, expressed
in percent (%)
hulling efficiency
weight of paddy per unit loading time into the dumping pit/receiving hopper, expressed in
metric tons per hour (MT/hr)
input capacity
grains obtained after the removal of hull, bran, and germ
milled rice
weight of paddy that the rice mill can process per total milling time, expressed in metric
tons per hour (MT/hr)
milling capacity
ratio of the weight of milled rice to the total weight of paddy, expressed in percent (%)
milling recovery
ratio of the milling recovery obtained from the actual testing, to the milling recovery
obtained from the laboratory test mill
milling recovery index
rice passes through a series of different processes and machines from paddy to desired
output
multi- stage rice mill
rough rice
palay
unhulled grain of Oryza sativa, which means grain with the glumes enclosing the kernel
paddy
ancillary device used to separate brown rice from a paddy mixture
paddy separator
ratio of the weight of grains with a size of 75% or more of the whole grain to the total
weight of milled rice, expressed in percent (%)
percent head rice
ratio of the percent head rice obtained from the actual testing, to the percent head rice
obtained from the laboratory test mill
percent head rice index
ancillary device used to remove foreign matter/impurities from the paddy before milling
pre-cleaner
rice husk
outer most rough covering of the paddy grain (palea and lemma) consisting of the empty
glumes, floral glumes, and awn
rice hull
machine used to remove the hull and bran of the paddy to produce milled rice and consists
mainly of hulling and whitening assembly
rice mill
rice mill types
rubber roll huller
impeller-type huller
type of rice mill made of rubber bonded to an inner metal drum core use for hulling
rubber roll huller
type of huller with rotating blades and utilizes pressure such as Coriolis’ force,
frictional force from the blades, or impact force at collision with the blades and the
peripheral surface
impeller-type huller
removes the husk and bran in one pass and produces white rice directly from the paddy
single- pass rice mill
rice grain from which the hull, germ, outer bran layer, and greater part of the inner bran
layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer may still be
present on more than 40% of the sample grains
well milled rice
component of a rice mill that removes the bran in the brown rice
whitener
whitener types
abrasive whitener
friction type whitener
type of whitening machine consisting of a cylinder or cone coated with abrasive
material such as emery stone or any similar materials and enclosed in a perforated
steel housing
abrasive whitener
type of whitening machine consisting of a ridged cylinder enclosed in a perforated
steel housing
friction type whitener
Classification
A. Method of operation
1. Single- pass rice mill
2. Multi-stage rice mill
B. Type of huller
1. Rubber roll huller
2. Impeller type
Fabrication Requirements
???, or any appropriate materials should be used for the manufacture of the different components of rice mill. Parts that are in direct contact
with the milled rice should be made of ???
Frame and stand shall be able to support the whole rice mill assembly during
operation. Means to minimize vibration shall be provided.
- Steel bars, metal sheet or plate
- non- corrosive materials.
Performance Criteria of Rice Mill for Brown Rice
Criteria / Performance Data
- Hulling efficiency, % minimum
/ 75 - No. of paddy per kilogram, maximum / 20
The maximum allowable noise level shall be
92 dB(A).
Warranty shall be provided for parts and services, except for normal wear and tear of
expendable or consumable maintenance part, for at least ??? upon the
acceptance of the procuring entity of the rice mill. General requirements for warranty and
after- sales service shall conform with PNS/BAFS/PAES 192: 2016.
one year (1)
Maintenance and Operation
Each rice mill shall be provided with at least ??? and
the basic tools as specified in the operator’s manual.
three (3) pieces of dust masks
pieces of grains smaller than 75% of the average length of the whole grain
Broken grains
extent to which the bran layers have been removed in hulled rice
Degree of milling
rice grain from which the hull, the germ, and the bran layers have been removed
Over milled rice
OMR
rice grain from which the hull, germ, outer bran layers and greater part of the inner
bran layers have been removed but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran
layers may still be present on 21% to 40% of the sample grains
Regular milled rice
RMR
rice grain from which the hull, germ, outer bran layer, and greater part of the inner
bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer
may still be present on more than 40 % of the sample grains
Undermilled rice
UMR
white rice that pass through a polisher
Polished rice
rice variety (traditional or modern) with any special quality such as glutinous, aromatic,
pigmented, japonica, and micronutrient-dense rice and includes those varieties with
excellent eating and nutritive quality.
Special rice
PNS/BAFS PABES 304:2020
Postharvest Machinery – Rice Mill – Methods of Test
binlid
chips
small pieces or particles of grains that pass through a sieve having round perforations
of
1.4 mm in diameter
brewers rice
distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane
touching the uppermost part of the rice mill
overall height
distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the rice
mill and touching its front and rear extremities
overall length
distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each
plane touching the outermost point of the rice mill on its respective side
overall width
ancillary device used to separate brown rice from paddy mixture
paddy grader
pearler
ancillary device of a rice mill used to remove the remaining bran particles on the milled
rice giving it a glossy appearance
polisher
preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to the conduct
of the test until the operation is stable
running-in period
manufacturer, direct importer, or any distributor, dealer, researcher, inventor, or end-
user of the machine
test applicant
Test materials
The test material to be used shall be a ???. It shall be dried to a uniform moisture content of ??? and a minimum purity of ???
The amount of test material to be supplied shall be sufficient for ??? of continuous milling operation for the test of ??? rice mill. ??? shall be conducted within the specified time. The excess amount shall be used for running-in prior the actual conduct of test trials
For the test of multi-stage rice mill, the amount of test material to be supplied shall be sufficient for the specified milling capacity (MT/hr) at continuous milling operation. A minimum of ??? shall be conducted.
- single variety paddy
- 14% ± 1%
- 95%
- one and a half hour
- single-pass
- Three test trials
- two test trials
Operation of the rice mill
The rice mill shall be operated at the test applicant’s recommended setting of its components. The same setting recommended shall be maintained during the test run. The official testing agency shall make all measurements, which form part of the test and take the prescribed samples. The recommended feeding rate shall be maintained during the test run with a duration of at least ???.
30 minutes
Test trials
A minimum of ??? test trials, with the duration of at least ??? per trial for single- pass and at least ??? per trial for multi- stage rice mill, shall be adopted.
- three (3)
- thirty (30) minutes
- one (1) hour
Duration of Test
The duration of each test trial shall start with the ??? into the ???and shall end at the ???.
- loading of the paddy
- dumping pit/receiving hopper (first drop)
- last drop of the desired output
Noise level
The sound emitted by the rice mill, with and without load, shall be measured using a ??? at the location of the operator/s. The noise level, expressed
in decibel [dB (A)], shall be measured ??? away from the ear level of the operator/s.
For each data to be taken, there shall be a minimum of ??? observations.
Before taking data, it should be ensured that the feed rate, speed, and other functional characteristics have stabilized. The time of recording shall be properly spaced during the whole duration of the test trial.
- sound level meter
- 50 mm
- five (5)
For rice mill using electric motors as prime mover
Use a ??? to measure the voltage, current, and the total energy requirement of the rice mill. There shall be ??? of data with a minimum of ??? observations per set taken with and without load.
- power meter
- three (3) sets
- five (5)
The speed of the rotating shafts of the rice mill’s major components shall be taken using a ???.
tachometer
Laboratory analysis shall be made to determine the ???
grain moisture content,
purity,
bulk density,
coefficient of hulling,
coefficient of wholeness,
cracked grains,
milling degree,
head rice,
brewer’s rice,
and broken rice.
The quality of milled rice samples from the rice mill shall be compared to the quality
of milled rice using the ???.
laboratory rubber roll husker/huller and a laboratory whitener
Sampling procedures for input
The conditions of the paddy input such as bulk density, moisture content, purity and
percentage cracked grains to be used in each test shall be taken using ??? “representative samples” each weighing ??? which represent the different
conditions of paddy input in the bulk. This can be done by taking samples each at the ??? portions of the bulk. Samples representing the materials for each test trial shall be placed in appropriate containers for laboratory analysis.
- three (3)
- 1.5 kg
- top, middle and bottom
Sampling from Different Outlets
During each test trial, ??? sets of samples shall be randomly collected from the outlets of the different components (??? etc.) of the rice mill to be analyzed in the laboratory. The minimum amount of sample to be taken shall be ??? for a particular analysis. The excess sample shall be used for reference purposes or for an eventual second check in case of review.
- three (3)
- huller, paddy separator, destoner, whitener
- twice as much as what is needed
Handling of Samples
All samples to be taken to the laboratory shall be placed in appropriate containers with proper labels. Samples that will not be analyzed immediately should be ???, and if necessary, treat samples with chemicals such as ??? in order to prevent the samples from possible damage. If the sample is to be used for determining moisture content, it shall be kept in ???.
- air-dried
- insecticide
- dry and airtight containers
Purity
Each of the ??? test paddy sample shall be cleaned. The paddy and
impurities obtained from cleaning the paddy samples shall be separated for weighing.
- three sets of 0.5 kg
Moisture content
This shall be taken using a ???. At least ??? representative samples at ??? each shall be taken randomly for moisture content determination.
- calibrated moisture meter or by oven method
- five (5)
- 500 g
Cracked grains
??? of paddy sample are drawn for ??? to determine the
percentage of ???
Each grain shall be hulled carefully by hand, making
sure not to use undue rubbing force or high pressure to minimize mechanical stress
on the grain.
Each hulled grain or brown rice grains shall be examined for cracks under a ???
Grains which show cracks or which have been broken during the process of manual hulling shall be counted as cracked grains. Broken grains due to manual hulling shall
be counted as broken grains.
The ??? determined from the three 100-grain samples shall be taken as the ???
- Three 100 grains
- manual hulling
- cracked brown rice
- magnifying lens against a backlight through a translucent plate or light diffuser
- mean value
- percentage cracked hand-hulled brown rice
Milled rice grain parameters
??? samples of milled rice from the ??? shall be
weighed. Head rice, broken rice, and brewer’s rice shall be separated and weighed individually to determine the ???
- Three sets of 100-grams
- laboratory whitener
- percentage by weight basis
Damaged grain
??? head milled rice samples shall also be drawn from the ??? and shall be examined under a ??? for ???. The percentage of grain damage is taken as the mean value from three sets of 100-grain samples.
- Three sets of 100-grain
- magnifying lens
- grain damage
- head milled rice component
Coefficient of hulling
??? of samples, each weighing ???, shall be taken from the ???.
??? shall be separated for the determination of coefficient of hulling.
- Three sets
- 100g
- huller output
- Brown rice and unhulled paddy
Coefficient of wholeness
??? shall be taken. The broken brown rice and head brown rice shall be separated. The coefficient of wholeness is determined from the ??? and shall be taken as the ??? of the three samples.
- Three samples sets of 100-g brown rice
- weight of the components
- mean
Grain parameters
The head milled rice recovery, total milling recovery, and percentage by weight basis
of
broken milled rice and brewer’s rice shall be determined from the ??? sample.
- nominal 200-g milled rice
Milling degree
Milling degree shall be determined using the simple ??? or any other comparable method that can be developed in the future.
Alcohol-Alkali Bran Staining
Method
Alcohol-Alkali Bran Staining is a method of determining the milling degree which
involves
dipping the rice kernels in a ???
solvent
where the residual bran layers shown up as ??? against a
background of ???.
Alcohol-Alkali Staining Solvent is a solution of 2% KOH-EtOH (Potassium Hydroxide-Ethyl Alcohol) in a volume ratio of ???.
??? are longitudinal bran layers remaining in the dorsal grain grooves
after
milling.
- 2% KOH-EtOH (Potassium Hydroxide-Ethyl Alcohol)
- brown patches or streaks
- light yellow endosperm
- 1:3
- Bran Streaks (BS)
