PAES 201:2015 - 202:2015 Flashcards
mechanical grain dryer wherein the grain in fixed amount is held in the drying chamber in
batches until the grain reaches the desired moisture content
batch type
batch type dryer wherein a fixed amount of grain is held stationary in a horizontal grain
holding bin
flat bed type
batch type dryer equipped to circulate and/or mixed fixed amount of grain during the drying
operation
recirculating type
organic materials used as renewable source of energy including but not limited to agricultural
crops, feed and fiber crop residues, aquatic plants, forestry and wood residues, agricultural
wastes, processing by-products and other non-fossil organic materials.
biomass
pieces of grains smaller than three-fourths (3/4) of the average length of the whole kernel
broken grains
dryer in which the material being dried moves through the drying chamber in a substantially
continuous stream and is discharged without being recirculated and where the drying and
tempering processes are accomplished in another holding bin or column
continuous flow dryer
grains which show signs of fissures or fractures or splinters
cracked grain
ear corn
corn on cob
unshelled fruit of the corn plant where husk has been removed
dehusked corn
dryer in which the products of combustion come into direct contact with the product being
dried
dryer, direct-fired
dryer in which the products of combustion do not come in contact with the products being
dried
dryer, indirect-fired
heat utilization efficiency
ratio of the total heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material, to the amount of heat
added to the drying air expressed in percent
drying efficiency
device used to accumulate dust ( i.e. consist of aspiration fan, cyclone, etc.)
dust collection system
air moving device that is used to force heated air through the mass of grains at the desired air
flow rate and pressure
fan
device for reducing excess moisture from the grain, with or without introduction of heat
grain dryer
grain or a piece of a grain with the length equal to or greater than three-fourths (3/4) of the
average length of the whole kernel
head rice
ratio of the amount of heat added in the air to the heat available in the fuel
heating system efficiency
difference between the maximum and the minimum grain moisture content randomly
sampled after drying
moisture gradient
chamber maintained under pressure for uniform distribution of the heated air through the
grain mass
plenum
any device that is used to avoid human accident related to drying operation and/or damage to
the parts and components of the dryer during the operation and automatically shuts-off the
operation of the dryer in case of malfunction
safety device
“maize”
corn grain
corn kernels, mainly of either dent or flint varieties of the plant Zea mays
shelled corn
chamber wherein the grains are temporarily held after drying chamber or to the storage bin
tempering bin
Classification
Heated-air mechanical grain dryers shall be classified as follows:
- System of Operation
A. Batch type
- Flat Bed
- Recirculating
B. Continuous Flow - Heating System
A. Method of Heat Introduction
- Direct
- Indirect
B. Fuel Source
- Renewable
- Non-renewable
The dryer shall be provided with ??? to measure the actual air temperature entering the grain mass and a pressure gauge to measure the working static pressure in the
plenum
thermometer
The noise emitted by the heated-air mechanical grain dryer shall not exceed ???
92 dB (A).
Provision shall be made for dust control. Its dust emission shall be within the acceptable limits set by the ???
Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
The construction shall be rigid and durable without major breakdown of the following
major components: burner, fan, bin and conveying equipment within ??? after the date of
acceptance of the unit by the end-user.
1 year???
Warranty shall be provided to parts and services within ??? after the date of
acceptance of the unit by the end-user except on fast moving and easy to wear parts such as
fan belts. General requirements of the warranty shall be in accordance with PNS/PAES
138:2004 – Agricultural Machinery – Guidelines on After Sales Service.
one (1) year
volume of air in cubic meters delivered to the mass of grains per second
airflow rate
ratio of the heat supplied by the burner, to the heat released by the fuel
burner efficiency
ratio of the heat released by the fuel, to the theoretical heat available from the fuel
combustion efficiency
grains which are heat damaged, weather damaged, ground damaged, moldy, diseased, insect
bored, sprouted or distinctly damaged by insects, water, fungi and/or any other means as seen
by the naked eye
damaged grains
average temperature of the air to be used for drying the grain, measured at a number of points
as close as practicable to its entry to the grain bed
drying air temperature
amount of water removed per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour
drying rate
ratio of the total heat utilized for drying, to the heat available in the fuel expressed in percent
drying system efficiency
all matters other than rice/corn grains such as sand, gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, lumps of
earth, clay, mud, chaff, straw, weed seeds and other crop seeds
foreign matter
total amount of fuel consumed divided by the total drying time
fuel consumption
load capacity
continuous flow dryer: weight of grain that could be contained in the dryer
batch type dryer: weight of grain required to fill the dryer at the input moisture content
grain holding capacity
total amount of heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material, expressed in kJ/kg of H2O
heat utilization
kernels, whole or broken, which are light green and chalky with soft texture
immature grains
drying rate
average percentage point moisture content removed from the grain per drying time
moisture reduction rate
source of energy which includes petroleum-based fuels such as kerosene, gasoline, diesel oil
and bunker fuel oil
non-renewable energy source
percentage of grains free of foreign matter
purity
source of energy that includes non-petroleum based fuels such as biomass and solar energy
renewable energy source
ratio of the weight of grains that fell out from the machine during the drying operation, to the
weight of the total grain input to the dryer, expressed in percent
scattered grains
pressure in the plenum chamber to maintain uniform distribution of air flow through the grain
mass, expressed in Pascal
static pressure
air movement through the drying chamber wherein air is moved through the product at a
pressure lower that the atmospheric condition, expressed in Pascal
suction system
temporarily holding the grain between the drying passes, allowing the moisture content in the
center of the grain and that on the surface of the grain to equalize
tempering
Indication of damage
Samples of grain used for the test shall be subjected to laboratory analysis by test milling and presence of cracked grains before and after drying. Milling test of the samples obtained during drying test shall be conducted at least ??? after the drying test while air-dried
samples shall be milled when its moisture content reaches ???
- 48 hours
- 14%.
The grain to be used shall be homogeneous and the moisture content should be at least ???
22%
for rice and corn.
Thermometers shall be mounted on or inside the dryer for temperature sensing. These shall
be mounted at the following locations:
(1) near the dryer to sense ambient temperature
(2) at the grain plenum interface, middle section of the total length of the plenum
(3) after the plenum, and
(4) immediately outside the dryer to sense exhaust air temperature.
For the measurement of airflow and static pressure, ??? or any other suitable apparatus shall be installed.
pitot tube and generic manometer
Performance test
Duration of test – ??? shall be carried out with the same operational setting. The length of the test shall be such that one full capacity of grain has been dried to a final moisture content of approximately ???. Unloading and loading time
of the samples in the dryer shall also be recorded
- Three test trials
- 14% (for rice and corn)
Performance test
In case of continuous flow type dryer, the dryer’s discharge mechanism shall be set as
specified by the manufacturer and the grains shall undergo tempering process as the case
maybe for at least ??? before reloading to the dryer for another pass. For a
continuous drying operation, the minimum amount of test material to be used shall be ???.
- four (4) hours
- equal to twice the rated capacity
Performance test
Measurements – The following shall be measured at ??? or as
necessary.
30-minute intervals
Air velocity
Measurement of air velocity shall be made at the ???, whichever
is applicable
air duct or at the heat exchanger
Samples for moisture determination shall be taken at the bottom, middle and top layer of the
grain for batch type dryers and from the flow of grain from the discharge mechanism for the continuous flow dryer. At least ??? shall be taken from each layer. The samples
gathered during testing shall be cooled down at ambient temperature before measuring the grain moisture content.
six (6) samples
PAES 201:2015 - 202: 2015
Heated Air Mechanical Grain Dryer
