PNH midterm exam - Piaget's theory/ cognitive development Flashcards
Cognitive development theories
Reasoning and thinking processes
Mental processes (perceiving, reasoning, remembering, and believing)
Influenced by interactions between the person and the environment
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Children acquire knowledge through acting on the environment
Require stimulation from the environment and to be challenged
Intellectual organization is based on how they think, reason, perceive, and make meaning of the physical world.
Stages - 4
Period 1 - sensorimotor ( birth - 2 yr)
Period 2 - preoperational (2 - 7 yr)
Period 3 - concrete operation (7 - 11 yr)
Period 4 - Formal operation (11 yr - adulthood)
Sensorimotor
birth - 2 yr
Self initiated action dealing with the environment
(looking, vocalizing, grasping)
Preoperational
2 - 7 yr
Thinking involves symbols and mental images
(make-believe play, imitation)
Concrete operation
7 - 11 yr
Perform mental operations
(chores for privileges, planning ahead for deadline)
Formal operation
11 yr - adulthood
Thinking involves theoretical problem solving
(seeking meaning in life, finding justice)
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years of age)
preschool
Periconceptional thought (2 to 4 years):
Learns to use symbols but cannot understand logic symbolic play and role-playing
Egocentricity – unable to take on another person’s perspective
Children misconception - 3
preschool
Artificialism: everything in the world is created by humanity
Animism: life to inanimate objects
Immanent justice: punishment if something goes wrong
Intuitive thought (4-5 years)
preschool
Increased complexity of thoughts – classifies according to size, color or categories
Egocentricity becomes less, replaced by social interaction
Develops cause-and-effect reasoning
At age 4, “The sun sets because people want to go to bed”
At age 5, develop more formal logical thought “the sun set because it is the end of the day when people go to bed”
By age 5, can play games that have simple rules
Greatest fear in preschoolers
Moral development begins
preschool
Bodily harm
Fear of the dark
Thunderstorms
Medical interventions – Allow role-playing with parent/toys
Understands behavior’s that are right from wrong
Motivated by rewards
Concrete Operations Phase
school age
Involves logical thinking with concrete materials
Understand the relationship between things and ideas
The egocentric view of the preschool child is replaced by the ability to understand the point of view of another person.
Concepts of money and time learned
Reading skills well developed
Cooperative interactions
