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PNF Flashcards

1
Q

philosophy

A

stronger parts utilized to strengthen weaker parts; balance of control of agonist & antagonist; stimulation of proprioceptors; patterns follow diagonals or spirals

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2
Q

philosophy - treatment

A

increase strength, flexibility & ROM

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3
Q

philosophy- outcomes

A

head & trunk control; initiate & sustain movement; control shifts in the COG; control pelvis & trunk in midline (allows for extremity movement)

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4
Q

chopping

A

combination of B UE asymmetrical patterns performed as a closed chain activity

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5
Q

developmental sequence

A

progression of motor skill acquisition: mobility, stability, controlled mobility, skill

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6
Q

mass movement patterns

A

hip, knee & ankle move into flexion or extension simultaneously

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7
Q

overflow

A

muscle activation of an involved extremity due to intense action of an uninvolved muscle/group

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8
Q

direct approach

A

application of exercise techniques and elements to an affected area

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9
Q

indirect approach

A

application of exercise techniques and elements to an uninvolved area to gain overflow excitation or relaxation effects to an affected part

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10
Q

procedure

A

all components of a specific exercise (activity, technique, sensory input)

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11
Q

activity

A

any developmental posture and the movements occurring within that posture

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12
Q

technique

A

type of contraction used in treatment

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13
Q

element/principle

A

type of sensory input used in treatment to facilitate or inhibit a response; tools to promote motor learning

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14
Q

quick (controlled) stretch- how

A

muscle in elongated position; slight movement farther into the elongated range

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15
Q

quick (controlled) stretch - why

A

facilitate voluntary movement; increase strength or voluntary contraction; follow with a form of resistance or facilitation; must be synchronized with patient’s effort

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16
Q

quick (controlled) stretch - contraindications

A

increased pain, fracture, joint instability, creating dominant reflexes (abnormal tone, spasticity)

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17
Q

appropriate resistance (appropriate facilitation) - what

A

amount of resistance that demands maximal effort from the patient without breaching the intention of the effort

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18
Q

appropriate resistance (appropriate facilitation) - isotonic contraction

A

intention is movement

commands: “push” “pull”

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19
Q

appropriate resistance (appropriate facilitation) - isometric contraction

A

holding for stability

Commands: “hold” “don’t let me move you”

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20
Q

appropriate resistance (appropriate facilitation) - why

A

used for muscle re-education

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21
Q

appropriate resistance (appropriate facilitation) - contraindications

A

increased pain, fracture, valsalva, tendon surgeries, muscle flaps, reconstructions, anything where resistance is not appropriate

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22
Q

irradiation/overflow

A

spreading of the response from strong to weak components/patterns
ipsilateral, contralateral, trunk to extremities, extremities to trunk

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23
Q

joint facilitation - traction

A

manual distraction of joint surfaces; promote movement; decrease pain

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24
Q

joint facilitation -traction - contraindications

A

increased pain, ligamentous injury, unstable joints, hypotonia

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25
Q

joint facilitation - approximation

A

manual compression of joint surfaces, promote stability, particularly postural stability

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26
Q

joint facilitation -approximation - contraindications

A

increased pain, fracture, joint replacements, inflammatory conditions (RA or JRA)

27
Q

Normal timing

A

sequence of muscle contractions for coordinated movements; proximal develops before distal (distal before proximal execution in adults)

28
Q

patterns of movement

A

based on groups of muscles that work synergistically in functional contexts

29
Q

patterns of movement - diagonal

A

patterns with spiral movements; allows muscles to contract from completely lengthened to completely shortened positions

30
Q

functional tasks - D1 UE

A

Basic pattern; self care tasks (feeding, grooming, washing hair); reaching to floor from chair seated position; holding toddlers hand while walking; using a leash to walk dog; pull luggage in airport; handshake, armswing in gait

31
Q

functional tasks - D2 UE

A

more advanced pattern; reaching out to others, zipping up clothes; pulling clothes out of dryer & hang on hanger; put on a seatbelt (could be both); waving in a crowded restaurant

32
Q

functional tasks - D1 LE

A

basic pattern; swing phase of gait; stair climbing; tying shoes while sitting; pulling your leg into bed; rolling over

33
Q

functional tasks - D2 LE

A

more advanced pattern; tennis, soccer or other sports that require quick lateral movements; ballet positions; lateral transfers: getting into car, tub/sliding board transfer; sideways walking (between two cars)

34
Q

scapular & pelvic patterns - why & position

A

improve quality, sequence, ROM & coordination of both trunk & extremity movements
Position: sidelying (or sitting if needed)

35
Q

functional tasks - scapular & pelvic patterns

A

rolling, reciprocal arm movements, scooting in supine & sitting & gait

36
Q

diagonals with scapula

A

posterior depression & anterior elevation

anterior depression & posterior elevation

37
Q

techniques related to motor control - mobility

A

initiate movement: rhythmic initiation, rhythmic rotation, repeated contractions
increase ROM: rhythmic initiation, hold relax, contract relax

38
Q

techniques related to motor control - stability

A

slow reversal hold, alternating isometrics, rhythmic stabilization

39
Q

techniques related to motor control -controlled mobility

A

slow reversals, slow reversal hold, repeated contractions, agonist reversals

40
Q

techniques related to motor control - skill

A

slow reversals, slow reversal hold, repeated contractions, agonist reversals, resisted progression

41
Q

rhythmic initiation (mobility)

A

initiate movement when hypertonia exists; progress PROM-AAROM-resisted ROM; slow & rhythmical (reduce hypertonia, allow full ROM)

42
Q

rhythmic rotation (mobility)

A

decrease hypertonia & increase ROM; passive movement; slow rotation around longitudinal axis

43
Q

hold/relax (mobility)

A

isometric contraction to increase ROM (patient’s w/no pain); joint to end of it’s range, isometric contraction of antagonist; resistance built up; once relaxation is achieved, limb moved to new range slowly & then repeated till no new range is attained

44
Q

hold relax active movement (HRAM) (mobility)

A

improve initiation of movement to muscle(s) tested 1/5

45
Q

contract/relax (mobility)

A

increase ROM; move pt to end range (hold/stretch), then provide resistance for isotonic contraction through full ROM in direction of antagonist (8-10 sec), then move back up through end range (start pos), should have new ROM, repeat until no new range is gained; not ideal for its in pain

46
Q

alternating isometrics (stability)

A

increase strength & endurance; isometric contractions performed alternating from muscles on one side of the joint to the other side without rest; maintain contact, use palms

47
Q

rhythmic stabilization (mobility & stability)

A

increase ROM-iso contractions of all muscles around a joint against progressive resistance; pt should relax & move into new range & repeat
coordinate isometric contractions-iso contractions of all muscles around joint against progressive resistance; should follow alternating isometrics if progressing stability

48
Q 
slow reversal (stability, controlled mobility, skill)
AKA- reversal of antagonists
A

improve control of movement & posture (strength, ROM, coordination, power); slow & resisted concentric contractions of agonists & antagonists w/out rest between reversals

49
Q

slow reversal hold (stability, controlled mobility, skill)

A

an isometric contraction at the end range of movement pattern is added before beginning the return pattern; hold is to facilitate stability at the joint (at end range)

50
Q

agonistic reversals (controlled mobility, skill)

A

increase strength/endurance, coordination, training eccentric control; isotonic movement; alternates between concentric & eccentric contractions of agonists

51
Q

resisted progression (skill)

A

resistance is used to increase strength & endurance, develop normal timing or reinforce motor learning; used during walking, creeping, crawling (walking - resist at pelvis, shoulder, rib cage)

52
Q

repeated contractions (mobility)

A

initiate & sustain movement through ROM; utilizes stretch reflex to promote initiation of muscle activity to reinforce & strengthen an existing contraction (repeated quick stretch); concentric contractions of components in agonist pattern

53
Q

joint distraction (mobility)

A

increase ROM; consistent manual traction is provided slowly & usually in combo w/mob techniques

54
Q

normal timing (skill)

A

improve coordination of all components of a task; distal to proximal; proximal components are restricted until distal components are activated & initiate movement; repetition of pattern produce coordinated movement of all components

55
Q

timing for emphasis (skill)

A

strengthen the weak components of a motor pattern; isotonic & isometric contractions produce overflow to weak muscles

56
Q

techniques to treat impairments - decrease pain

A

alternating isometrics
hold/relax
rhythmic stabilization

57
Q

techniques to treat impairments - increase strength

A

agonist reversal
rhythmic stabilization
slow reversal

58
Q

techniques to treat impairments - increase ROM

A

alternating isometrics
contract/relax, hold/relax
hold relax active motion
rhythmic stabilization

59
Q

techniques to treat impairments - increase coordination

A

alternating isometrics
agonist reversal
rhythmic initiation
slow reversal

60
Q

techniques to treat impairments - increase stability

A

alternating isometrics
agonistic reversal
rhythmic stabilization

61
Q

techniques to treat impairments - initiate movement

A

rhythmic initiation

hold relax active motion

62
Q

techniques to treat impairments - promote tone reduction

A

rhythmic initiation
rhythmic rotation
hold/relax

63
Q

techniques to treat impairments - increase endurance

A

alternating isometrics
rhythmic stabilization
slow reversals

Neuro (7 decks)

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