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Clin Med Pulm > Pneumonias > Flashcards

Pneumonias Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonia Pathophys

A
  • Inflam of lungs w/ consolidation or interstitial lung infiltrates
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2
Q

Pneumonia Presentation

A
  • Cough
  • Fever
  • Pleuritic CP (sharp on inspiration)
  • Dyspnea
  • Sputum
  • Rales/crackles
  • Tactile fremitus (increased if consolidation, decreased if effusion)
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3
Q

Pneumonia Dx

A
  • H&P
  • CXR
  • SPO2
  • Labs
  • Sputum or blood culture
  • ABG
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4
Q

Bacterial vs. Viral Pneumonia

A
  • Bacterial: mucopurulent sputum

- Viral: scant watery sputum

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5
Q

CAP Epi

A
  • Seasonal

- Vaccine (Pneumovax)

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6
Q

CAP Etiology

A
  • Strep pneumo**, h.flu, moraxella catarrhalis
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7
Q

CAP Pathophys

A
  • Acute inf of pulm parenchyma
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8
Q

CAP Dx

A
  • CURB-65 (confusion, urea, RR, BP, age 65): scoring to determine tx (at home vs admit)
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9
Q

CAP Tx

A
  • Otherwise healthy outpt: macrolide or doxy
  • Comorbid outpt: FQ or beta lactam+macrolide
  • Inpt non-ICU: resp FQ, beta lactam+macrolide
  • Inpt ICU: beta lactam+azithro or resp FQ
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10
Q

HAP Etiology

A
  • 48 hrs+ after admission
  • If diagnosed >5 days after sx –> higher risk of multi drug resistance
  • Pseudomonas**, e.coli, klebsiella, MRSA
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11
Q

HAP Dx + Tx

A
  • Sputum and blood culture –> tx w/ abx
  • CXR
  • CT
  • Labs
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12
Q

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

A
  • 48-72 hrs after endotracheal intubation
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13
Q

Healthcare Associated Pneumonia

A
  • Extensive healthcare contact
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14
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia RF

A
  • Elderly
  • Alcoholics
  • Swallowing dysfx
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15
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia Etiology

A
  • Oropharyngeal or gastric contents (anaerobic)
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16
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia Presentation

A
  • Usually lower lobe inf
  • Higher risk of complications
  • Hx is important
17
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia Tx

A
  • Abx (esp clindamycin)
18
Q

Mycoplasma/Atypical Pneumonia RF

A
  • Young adults

- Closed/contained settings

19
Q

Mycoplasma/Atypical Pneumonia Etiology

A
  • Atypical bacteria (mycoplasma**, chlamydophila, legionella)
20
Q

Mycoplasma/Atypical Pneumonia Sx

A
  • Persistent dry cough

- Vesicular rash

21
Q

Mycoplasma/Atypical Pneumonia Tx

A
  • Outpt w/ macrolide or doxy
22
Q

Fungal Pneumonia RF

A
  • Immunocompromised
23
Q

Fungal Pneumonia Etiology

A
  • These fungi are endemic to certain areas of country
  • Histoplasma and blastomyces (midwest)
  • Coccidioides (south west)
24
Q

Fungal Pneumonia Pathophys

A
  • Can become systemic in severe cases
25
Q

Fungal Pneumonia Tx

A
  • Mild: itraconazole

- Severe: ampho B

26
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) RF

A
  • HIV (esp. AIDS), immunocompromised
27
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) Sx

A
  • Fatigue
  • Sweats/chills
  • Cough
  • SOB
28
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) Dx

A
  • Hx**
  • CXR
  • Elevated LDH
  • Low ABG
29
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) Tx

A
  • Antimicrobial (Bactrim)

- Steroids

Clin Med Pulm (7 decks)

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