Pneumonias Flashcards
1
Q
Pneumonia Pathophys
A
- Inflam of lungs w/ consolidation or interstitial lung infiltrates
2
Q
Pneumonia Presentation
A
- Cough
- Fever
- Pleuritic CP (sharp on inspiration)
- Dyspnea
- Sputum
- Rales/crackles
- Tactile fremitus (increased if consolidation, decreased if effusion)
3
Q
Pneumonia Dx
A
- H&P
- CXR
- SPO2
- Labs
- Sputum or blood culture
- ABG
4
Q
Bacterial vs. Viral Pneumonia
A
- Bacterial: mucopurulent sputum
- Viral: scant watery sputum
5
Q
CAP Epi
A
- Seasonal
- Vaccine (Pneumovax)
6
Q
CAP Etiology
A
- Strep pneumo**, h.flu, moraxella catarrhalis
7
Q
CAP Pathophys
A
- Acute inf of pulm parenchyma
8
Q
CAP Dx
A
- CURB-65 (confusion, urea, RR, BP, age 65): scoring to determine tx (at home vs admit)
9
Q
CAP Tx
A
- Otherwise healthy outpt: macrolide or doxy
- Comorbid outpt: FQ or beta lactam+macrolide
- Inpt non-ICU: resp FQ, beta lactam+macrolide
- Inpt ICU: beta lactam+azithro or resp FQ
10
Q
HAP Etiology
A
- 48 hrs+ after admission
- If diagnosed >5 days after sx –> higher risk of multi drug resistance
- Pseudomonas**, e.coli, klebsiella, MRSA
11
Q
HAP Dx + Tx
A
- Sputum and blood culture –> tx w/ abx
- CXR
- CT
- Labs
12
Q
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
A
- 48-72 hrs after endotracheal intubation
13
Q
Healthcare Associated Pneumonia
A
- Extensive healthcare contact
14
Q
Aspiration Pneumonia RF
A
- Elderly
- Alcoholics
- Swallowing dysfx
15
Q
Aspiration Pneumonia Etiology
A
- Oropharyngeal or gastric contents (anaerobic)
16
Q
Aspiration Pneumonia Presentation
A
- Usually lower lobe inf
- Higher risk of complications
- Hx is important
17
Q
Aspiration Pneumonia Tx
A
- Abx (esp clindamycin)
18
Q
Mycoplasma/Atypical Pneumonia RF
A
- Young adults
- Closed/contained settings
19
Q
Mycoplasma/Atypical Pneumonia Etiology
A
- Atypical bacteria (mycoplasma**, chlamydophila, legionella)
20
Q
Mycoplasma/Atypical Pneumonia Sx
A
- Persistent dry cough
- Vesicular rash
21
Q
Mycoplasma/Atypical Pneumonia Tx
A
- Outpt w/ macrolide or doxy
22
Q
Fungal Pneumonia RF
A
- Immunocompromised
23
Q
Fungal Pneumonia Etiology
A
- These fungi are endemic to certain areas of country
- Histoplasma and blastomyces (midwest)
- Coccidioides (south west)
24
Q
Fungal Pneumonia Pathophys
A
- Can become systemic in severe cases
25
Fungal Pneumonia Tx
- Mild: itraconazole
| - Severe: ampho B
26
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) RF
- HIV (esp. AIDS), immunocompromised
27
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) Sx
- Fatigue
- Sweats/chills
- Cough
- SOB
28
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) Dx
- Hx**
- CXR
- Elevated LDH
- Low ABG
29
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) Tx
- Antimicrobial (Bactrim)
| - Steroids
