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Clin Med Pulm > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Infant RDS (hyaline membrane disease) Epi

A
  • Usually premature

- RF: mothers w/ DM, multifetal preg, C-section, fam hx

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2
Q

Infant RDS (hyaline membrane disease) Pathophys

A
  • Surfactant def –> collapsed alveoli
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3
Q

Infant RDS (hyaline membrane disease) Sx

A
  • Within minutes of birth: grunting, tachypnea, accessory muscle use, dusky, diminished breath sounds, falling BP
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4
Q

Infant RDS (hyaline membrane disease) Dx

A
  • Clinical dx

- CXR: ground glass appearance

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5
Q

Infant RDS (hyaline membrane disease) Tx

A
  • Frequent monitoring
  • Warm humid O2
  • Give surfactant
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6
Q

Infant RDS (hyaline membrane disease) Prevention

A
  • Prevention: shot of beta methasone 48 hrs prior to delivery (23-34 wks)
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7
Q

Acute Bronchiolitis Epi

A
  • Most common lower resp inf <2 y/o
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8
Q

Acute Bronchiolitis Etiology + Pathophys

A
  • Usually acute viral (most common = RSV)

- Inflam of bronchioles

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9
Q

Acute Bronchiolitis Sx

A
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Cough
  • Tachypnea
  • Tachy
  • Increased resp effort
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10
Q

Acute Bronchiolitis Dx

A
  • H&P

- If <2 m/o eval for sepsis

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11
Q

Acute Bronchiolitis Tx

A
  • Hydration
  • O2
  • Antivirals
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12
Q

Acute Bronchiolitis Prognosis

A
  • Most fully recover

- Some continue to wheeze thru age 5+

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13
Q

RSV Epi

A
  • Leading cause of infant death from viral inf
  • Most have by age 2
  • Esp. Oct-March
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14
Q

RSV Pathophys

A
  • Airborne (large droplets)

- High risk of nosocomial inf

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15
Q

RSV Sx

A
  • Adults: minor URI

- Peds: common cold sx, in distress, complications: AOM, bact pneumonia

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16
Q

RSV Dx

A
  • Clinical

- RSV rapid antigen (to identify that it is in community)

17
Q

RSV Tx

A
  • None
18
Q

RSV Prevention

A
  • Hand washing
  • Cohort care (providers treating pts)
  • Synagis (giving antibodies for passive immunity–$$$)
19
Q

Pediatric Asthma Epi

A
  • Genetics
  • Age
  • Environment
  • RF: M, AA, lower SES
20
Q

Pediatric Asthma Pathophys

A
  • Chronic inflam resulting in episodic airflow obstruction
21
Q

Pediatric Asthma Sx

A
  • Dry cough
  • Expiratory wheezing
  • SOB
  • Chest tightness
  • Sx worse at night
  • Accessory muscle use
22
Q

Pediatric Asthma Dx

A
  • Recurrent wheezing (early childhood, viral trigger)

- Chronic (persists into adulthood, usually allergic trigger)

23
Q

Pediatric Asthma Tx

A
  • Monitoring
  • Pt education
  • Control factors that contribute to asthma
  • Meds
24
Q

Croup Epi

A
  • 3 months - 5 y/o

- Late fall and winter

25
Q

Croup Etiology + Pathophys

A
  • Parainfluenza**, flu, RSV, adenovirus

- Airway resistance

26
Q

Croup Sx

A
  • 1-3 days of URI sx –> sudden onset upper airway obstruction
  • Barky cough
  • Hoarse
  • Inspiratory stridor
  • Worse at night
  • Aggravated by crying
27
Q

Croup Dx

A
  • Xray: steeple sign

- Can be acute (viral URI) or spasmodic (allergic, resolves quickly)

28
Q

Croup Tx

A
  • At home: cool mist, steamy shower, freezer door, go outside
  • In ED: nebulized epi, steroids
29
Q

Croup Prognosis

A
  • Usually 3-4 day course
30
Q

Epiglottitis Etiology

A
  • H. flu (now not as common w/ vaccine), strep
31
Q

Epiglottitis Sx

A
  • Fine one minute, sick the next
  • High fever
  • Sore throat
  • Dyspnea
  • Rapidly progressive resp obstruction
  • Drooling
  • Tripod position
32
Q

Epiglottitis Dx

A
  • Cherry red swollen epiglottis

- Xray: thumbprint sign

33
Q

Epiglottitis Tx

A
  • Send to ED
  • Establish airway
  • O2
  • Culture –> abx
34
Q

Pertussis Epi

A
  • Vaccine

- Reportable

35
Q

Pertussis Sx

A

Stages:

  • Catarrhal: congestion, rhinorrhea
  • Paroxysmal: inexorable paroxysms
  • Convalescent: resolution
36
Q

Pertussis Dx

A
  • Absence of fever, malaise, sore throat
  • Culture
  • Leukocytosis
37
Q

Pertussis Tx

A
  • Humidify air

- Antimicrobial (erythro or azithro) to prevent spread

38
Q

Pertussis Prognosis

A
  • 6 wk course

- Complications: pneumonia, secondary inf, seizures, apnea

Clin Med Pulm (7 decks)

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