Pneumonia & Bugs Flashcards
Pseudomonas is gram _ and _ shape
Pseudomonas is a gram-negative rod
_ thrives in aquatic environments and is known to cause hot tub folliculitis
Pseudomonas thrives in aquatic environments and is known to cause hot tub folliculitis
Pseudomonas is catalase _ , oxidase _ , and an obligate _
Pseudomonas is catalase positive , oxidase positive , and an obligate aerobe
Pseudomonas is known to cause osteomyelitis in _ and _ populations
Pseudomonas is known to cause osteomyelitis in IV drug users and diabetics
Because pseudomonas is catalase positive, it means that patients with _ are more at risk
Because pseudomonas is catalase positive, it means that patients with chronic granulomatous disease are more at risk
Pseudomonas is associated with a _ odor
Pseudomonas is associated with a fruity, grape-like odor
We can treat pseudomonas with _ , _ , or _
We can treat pseudomonas with piperacillin , aminoglycosides , or fluoroquinolones
Bordetella pertussis spreads by respiratory droplets which are very infectious due to pili called _
Bordetella pertussis spreads by respiratory droplets which are very infectious due to pili called filamentous hemagglutinin
The pertussis toxin causes _
The pertussis toxin causes ribosylation of Gi, disabling it –> leads to whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis is associated with lymphocytosis which results from _ disabling cytokine receptors for lymphocytes
Bordetella pertussis is associated with lymphocytosis which results from ADP disabling cytokine receptors for lymphocytes
B pertussis has adenylate cyclase toxin that increases _
B pertussis has adenylate cyclase toxin that increases cAMP and edema factor
B pertussis tracheal toxin damages _
B pertussis tracheal toxin damages ciliated cells in the epithelium
_ stage of B pertussis is characterized by non-specific symptoms like rhinorrhea and mild cough; most contagious during this stage
Catarrhal stage of B pertussis is characterized by non-specific symptoms like rhinorrhea and mild cough; most contagious during this stage
_ stage of B pertussis is characterized by the classic “whooping cough”
Paroxysmal stage of B pertussis is characterized by the classic “whooping cough”
_ stage of B pertussis infection involves the final 3 months with a cough; during this time patients are most susceptible to secondary infections
Convalescence stage of B pertussis infection involves the final 3 months with a cough; during this time patients are most susceptible to secondary infections
B pertussis is treated using _
B pertussis is treated using macrolides
Legionella is weakly gram _ but requires _ stain to be visualized
Legionella is weakly gram negative but requires silver stain to be visualized
Growing requirements for Legionella include _
Growing requirements for Legionella include agar with charcoal yeast extract in the presence of cysteine and iron
Legionella causes fever and malaise without pneumonia in some individuals; this is called _
Legionella causes fever and malaise without pneumonia in some individuals; this is called pontiac fever
Legionnaire’s disease is more common in _ and _ individuals
Legionnaire’s disease is more common in smokers and old men
Chest x-ray of Legionnaire’s disease will show _
Chest x-ray of Legionnaire’s disease will show atypical pneumonia with patchy unilobed infiltrate
Symptoms associated with Legionnaire’s disease include:
Symptoms associated with Legionnaire’s disease include:
* Confusion, headache
* Diarrhea
* High fevers (104+)
_ is the main virulence factor of Legionella
Zinc melloprotease is the main virulence factor of Legionella
* Cytotoxic, inhibits PMN production, inhibits superoxide reduction, deactivates IL-1, CD4+ , TNF
Nocardia is an increased risk with chronic granulomatous patients because it is _
Nocardia is an increased risk with chronic granulomatous patients because it is catalase positive
Nocardia is gram _ , _ rod
Nocardia is gram positive , filamentous rod
Urease positive, obligate aerobe bacteria that is weakly acid fast and has a risk of causing brain abscesses:
Urease positive, obligate aerobe bacteria that is weakly acid fast and has a risk of causing brain abscesses: Nocardia
We treat Nocardia with _
We treat Nocardia with sulfonamides
Actinomyces israaelii is an obligate (aerobe/ anaerobe)
Actinomyces israaelii is an obligate anaerobe
Patient presents with cervical facies after recent dental work
Patient presents with cervical facies after recent dental work: Actinomyces
Actinomyces is associated with _ granules and formation of _ tracts
Actinomyces is associated with yellow sulfur granules and formation of sinus tracts
“Rust-colored sputum”
Strep pneumo
Currant jelly sputum
Klepsiella
