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Pulmonology > Fungal Respiratory Pathogens > Flashcards

Fungal Respiratory Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q
A

Cryptococus neoformans

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2
Q
A

Aspergillus

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3
Q
A

Mucor

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4
Q
A

Bastomyces

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5
Q
A

Coccidioides

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6
Q
A

Histoplasma

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7
Q
A

Paracoccidioides

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8
Q

“Budding yeast/ pseudohyphae”

A

Candida is a budding yeast/ pseudohyphae

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9
Q

“Right angle nonseptate hyphae”

A

Mucor: “Right angle nonseptate hyphae”

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10
Q

“V shaped septate hyphae”

A

Aspergillus: “V shaped septate hyphae”

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11
Q

“Encapsulated yeast on India ink stain”

A

Cryptococcus neoformans: “Encapsulated yeast on India ink stain”

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12
Q

Candida and cryptococcus neoformans are (yeasts/ mold)

A

Candida and cryptococcus neoformans are yeasts

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13
Q

Aspergillus and mucor are (yeast/ mold)

A

Aspergillus and mucor are mold

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14
Q

Blastomyces, coccidioides, histoplasma, and paracoccidioides are all _

A

Blastomyces, coccidioides, histoplasma, and paracoccidioides are all dimorphic fungi
* Mold in the cold, yeast in the host
* These can cause disease in a healthy host
* Endemic to specific parts of the world

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15
Q

“Yeast with broad-based bud”

A

Blastomyces: “Yeast with broad-based bud”

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16
Q

“Sperules filled with endospores”

A

Coccidioides: “Sperules filled with endospores”

17
Q

Yeast with multiple buds; looks like a captain’s wheel

A

Paracoccidioides: Yeast with multiple buds; looks like a captain’s wheel

18
Q

“Small yeasts inside macrophages”

A

Histoplasma: “Small yeasts inside macrophages”

19
Q

Blastomyces is endemic to _ regions

A

Blastomyces is endemic to OH and MS rivers

20
Q

Coccidioides is endemic to _ regions

A

Coccidioides is endemic to southwestern US

21
Q

Histoplasma is endemic to _ regions

A

Histoplasma is endemic to OH and MS river valleys

22
Q

Paracoccidioides is endemic to _

A

Paracoccidioides is endemic to South America

23
Q

Fungal infection from bird and bat droppings

A

Fungal infection from bird and bat droppings: Histoplasma

24
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic fungus that is most classicallly found in _ patients

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic fungus that is most classicallly found in AIDS patients

25
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci causes _ type pneumonia

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci causes Interstitial pneumonia that is characterized by diffuse crackles with ground glass appearance

26
Q

How does PJP appear when it is in fungi form?

A

PJP has cyst-like disc-shaped fungi formed in the lung tissue

27
Q

Fluconazole is best for treating _ three fungal infections

A

Fluconazole is best for treating Three C’s fungal infections:
1. Candida albicans
2. Coccidioides
3. Cryptococcus neoformans

28
Q

Fluconazole is typically used to treat candida, coccidioides, cryptococcus neoformans; its counterpart _ is the more broad-spectrum azole

A

Fluconazole is typically used to treat candida, coccidioides, cryptococcus neoformans; its counterpart Itraconazole is the more broad-spectrum azole

29
Q

The anti-fungal drug with the broadest spectrum, but the most severe side effects is _

A

The anti-fungal drug with the broadest spectrum, but the most severe side effects is amphotericin B
* Most commonly used for disseminated, complicated infections

30
Q

The azoles inhibit the synthesis of _ , which is an important component of fungal cell walls

A

The azoles inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol , which is an important component of fungal cell walls

31
Q

Azole drugs specifically work by inhibiting _ enzyme

A

Azole drugs specifically work by inhibiting lanosterol demethylase

32
Q

Amphotericin B is a polyene drug; that works by _

A

Amphotericin B is a polyene drug; that works by binding ergosterol and penetrating the fungal membrane
* This leads to cell death

33
Q

Amphotericin is notorious for causing _ side effects

A

Amphotericin is notorious for causing “shake and bake” side effects:
* Fever
* Chills
* Muscle spasms
* Hypotension
* N/V
* Headache

34
Q

Amphotericin also has effect on the kidneys; it can cause _ (vascular) and _ (electrolyte abnormality)

A

Amphotericin also has effect on the kidneys; it can cause afferent vasoconstriction and hypokalemia

35
Q

SMX/TMP (antibiotic) is a anti-fungal regimen that can be used to treat fungal infections by _

A

SMX/TMP (antibiotic) is a anti-fungal regimen that can be used to treat fungal infections by Pneumocystis jirovecii
* SMX is competitive antagonist of PABA
* TMP is a competitive antagonist of DHFR
* Both interupt DNA synthesis/ folic acid synthesis

Pulmonology (16 decks)

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