Fungal Respiratory Pathogens Flashcards
Cryptococus neoformans
Aspergillus
Mucor
Bastomyces
Coccidioides
Histoplasma
Paracoccidioides
“Budding yeast/ pseudohyphae”
Candida is a budding yeast/ pseudohyphae
“Right angle nonseptate hyphae”
Mucor: “Right angle nonseptate hyphae”
“V shaped septate hyphae”
Aspergillus: “V shaped septate hyphae”
“Encapsulated yeast on India ink stain”
Cryptococcus neoformans: “Encapsulated yeast on India ink stain”
Candida and cryptococcus neoformans are (yeasts/ mold)
Candida and cryptococcus neoformans are yeasts
Aspergillus and mucor are (yeast/ mold)
Aspergillus and mucor are mold
Blastomyces, coccidioides, histoplasma, and paracoccidioides are all _
Blastomyces, coccidioides, histoplasma, and paracoccidioides are all dimorphic fungi
* Mold in the cold, yeast in the host
* These can cause disease in a healthy host
* Endemic to specific parts of the world
“Yeast with broad-based bud”
Blastomyces: “Yeast with broad-based bud”
“Sperules filled with endospores”
Coccidioides: “Sperules filled with endospores”
Yeast with multiple buds; looks like a captain’s wheel
Paracoccidioides: Yeast with multiple buds; looks like a captain’s wheel
“Small yeasts inside macrophages”
Histoplasma: “Small yeasts inside macrophages”
Blastomyces is endemic to _ regions
Blastomyces is endemic to OH and MS rivers
Coccidioides is endemic to _ regions
Coccidioides is endemic to southwestern US
Histoplasma is endemic to _ regions
Histoplasma is endemic to OH and MS river valleys
Paracoccidioides is endemic to _
Paracoccidioides is endemic to South America
Fungal infection from bird and bat droppings
Fungal infection from bird and bat droppings: Histoplasma
Pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic fungus that is most classicallly found in _ patients
Pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic fungus that is most classicallly found in AIDS patients
Pneumocystis jiroveci causes _ type pneumonia
Pneumocystis jiroveci causes Interstitial pneumonia that is characterized by diffuse crackles with ground glass appearance
How does PJP appear when it is in fungi form?
PJP has cyst-like disc-shaped fungi formed in the lung tissue
Fluconazole is best for treating _ three fungal infections
Fluconazole is best for treating Three C’s fungal infections:
1. Candida albicans
2. Coccidioides
3. Cryptococcus neoformans
Fluconazole is typically used to treat candida, coccidioides, cryptococcus neoformans; its counterpart _ is the more broad-spectrum azole
Fluconazole is typically used to treat candida, coccidioides, cryptococcus neoformans; its counterpart Itraconazole is the more broad-spectrum azole
The anti-fungal drug with the broadest spectrum, but the most severe side effects is _
The anti-fungal drug with the broadest spectrum, but the most severe side effects is amphotericin B
* Most commonly used for disseminated, complicated infections
The azoles inhibit the synthesis of _ , which is an important component of fungal cell walls
The azoles inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol , which is an important component of fungal cell walls
Azole drugs specifically work by inhibiting _ enzyme
Azole drugs specifically work by inhibiting lanosterol demethylase
Amphotericin B is a polyene drug; that works by _
Amphotericin B is a polyene drug; that works by binding ergosterol and penetrating the fungal membrane
* This leads to cell death
Amphotericin is notorious for causing _ side effects
Amphotericin is notorious for causing “shake and bake” side effects:
* Fever
* Chills
* Muscle spasms
* Hypotension
* N/V
* Headache
Amphotericin also has effect on the kidneys; it can cause _ (vascular) and _ (electrolyte abnormality)
Amphotericin also has effect on the kidneys; it can cause afferent vasoconstriction and hypokalemia
SMX/TMP (antibiotic) is a anti-fungal regimen that can be used to treat fungal infections by _
SMX/TMP (antibiotic) is a anti-fungal regimen that can be used to treat fungal infections by Pneumocystis jirovecii
* SMX is competitive antagonist of PABA
* TMP is a competitive antagonist of DHFR
* Both interupt DNA synthesis/ folic acid synthesis
