Pneumonia Flashcards
What anatomical structure divides the upper and lower airways?
Vocal cords?
Nosocomial or Hospital Acquired Pneumonia is defined as what…
A pneumonia occurring > 48 hours after hospital admission (Early onset is 2-4 days)
(Late onset is 5 or more)
What is an infection that occurs after 48 hours of endotracheal intubation known as?
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
What is the greatest at risk population for Pneumonia?
Age >65y.o (MALES and A.A.) (also <5y.o)
COPD’ers
Asthma, CHF, DM, Stroke, Malnutrition, etc.
Smoking, ETOH abuse, opioid abusers
Crowded living conditions
Recent abx therapy or abx resistance
What are some of the most common mechanisms of infection with Pneumonia?
(MC) Microaspiration
Hematogenous
Direct spread
Macroaspiration
What are the most common pathogenic organism which cause Pneumonia?
Strep. Pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Viruses: Rhinovirus, parainfluenza, RSV
An atypical pneumonia is more common to present in what PT population?
Young adults or Immunocompromised (i.e. HIV)
Pneumocystis jirovici***
What are some of the most frequently encountered ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA bugs?
Legionella
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
C. psittaci
Walking Pneumonia: Mycoplasma pneumonia (MC)
A PT presents to your clinic with a slower onset, with less severe symptoms of pneumonia… This would lead you to think it is what kind of pneumonia?
ATYPICAL (Slower, less severe)
TYPICAL (FAST ONSET, SEVERE)
What is the common clinical presentation of Pneumonia?
Productive yellow or rusty sputum Cough Fever and malaise; N and V Chills Inc. HR and RR Lowered BP Dyspnea Decreased breath sounds Pleuritic chest Px Arthralgia
IVDA and pneumonia may co-occur with what microorganism?
S. aureus
Diabetes and pneumonia may co-occur with what microorganisms?
S. aureus
S. pneumoniae
Alcoholism and pneumonia may co-occur with what responsible microorganisms?
S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
S. aureus
Arthralgia, confusion, and GI symptoms (NVD) are commonly associated with which type of pneumonia?
ATYPICAL
How can you differentiate between the different causes of pneumonia? I.e. Bacterial, viral, etc.
Bacterial Pneumonia: Green, yellow or blood streaked sputum
Mycoplasma / Viral Pneumonia:
Clear, to no sputum at all
Klebsiella (alcoholic/aspiration) Pneumonia:
Red, jelly-like sputum