Pneumonia Flashcards
Respiration?
Breathing + gas exchange with vasculature
What is another term for pneumonia?
Pneumonitis
Pneumonia?
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma (lower part of the respiratory tract) d/t microbes & other agents
What can go into the lungs?
ONLY AIR
Classification of pneumonia?
- Infectious form/ typical pneumonia
[community acquired, nosocomial [hospitals etc], pneumococcal most common] - non-infectious/atypical pneumonia
[ex. inhaled toxic fumes]
Typical pneumonia?
Caused by bacterial infection
Atypical pneumonia?
Caused by something other than bacteria
Etiology of pneumonia?
- any microbe entering the respiratory tract (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
- noxious fumes
- aspiration pneumonia
- community and hospital acquired
- often secondary infection when the pt is immunocompromised
Aspiration pneumonia?
when anything but air enters the lower respiratory tract (eg. gastric content)
What is the respiratory defence mechanism?
Mucociliary blanket
Pathology of pneumonia?
Mucociliary blanket is compromised (could be d/t smoking, repeated gastric exposure, an immunocompromised individual) -> impaired respiratory defences -> agent enters lungs and inflicts injury -> infection establishes within the lungs -> causes inflammation -> tissue damage and pulmonary edema -> impaired gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries
What are the 4 stages of pneumococcal pneumonia?
- edema stage
- red hepatization
- grey hepatization
- resolution
Edema stage?
build up of fluid in the lungs; protein rich with microbes
Red hepatization?
Capillary congested, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMG), and RBC
Why is it named “red hepatization”?
Red bc there is an influx of RBC’s and PMN’s and it resembles the liver
