Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardio and pulm > pneumonia > Flashcards

pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

common organisms in CAP (5)

A

S. pneumo, H. Flu, S. aureus, M. Cat, Klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atypical organisms in CAP (4)

A

legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia, viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

viral organisms in CAP (4)

A

influenza, parainfluenza, RSV, adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CAP symptoms

A

1-10 day hx of increasing cough, PURULENT sputum, fever, rigors, pleuritic CP, dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1-10 day hx of increasing cough, PURULENT sputum, fever, rigors, pleuritic CP, dyspnea

A

CAP symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PE in CAP

A

altered breath sound, dullness to percussion(if an effusion), increased tactile fremitus, egophony, bronchial breath sounds(consolidation);

inspiratory rales/crackles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

altered breath sound, dullness to percussion(if an effusion), increased tactile fremitus, egophony, bronchial breath sounds(consolidation);

inspiratory rales/crackles

A

PE in CAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tests to order for CAP

A

sputum culture, CXR, gram stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

procalcitonin indicates what

A

increased in bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tx for CAP outpt and inpt

A

OUTPT: * 1st choice: macrolide or doxycycline
* comorbid condition or recent antibiotic use: FQ
* Inpatient: cover for s.pneumo and legionella with FQ or combo Beta lactam plus macrolide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common organism in atypical CAP

A

mycoplasma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

atypical CAP symptoms

A

usually asymptomatic: LOW fever with mild pulm sx, non prod cough, may have crackes/rales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

legionella CAP symtoms

A

HIGH fever, DRY cough, dyspnea, other systemic sx (chr cardiac or resp d/s, hyponatremia, nonbloody diarrhea), increased LFT, poss neuro sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

labs in atypical CAP

A

WBC nml or slightly elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CXR in atypical CAP

A

diffuse, patchy interstitial or reticulonodular infiltrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tx for atypical CAP

A

mycoplasma: macrolide or doxy
legionella: macrolide or FQ(no cipro)
chylamydia: same I think

* tetracycline (chlamydia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2nd most common cause of hospital acquired infections

A

noscomial pneumonia (UTI most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mortality rate of noscomial pneumonia

A

20-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CURB 65

A

2 points for admission
confusion, uremia(>30), resp rate >30, BP low(90/60), age >65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

most common organism in ICU and tx

A

pseudomonas or MRSA.
tx is anti pseudomonal B lactam plus anti pseudomonal AG or FQ
MRSA: add vanco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most common organism in bacterial pneumonia in HIV pts

A

streptococcus

haemophillus, pseudomonas, mycobacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sx in HIV pneumonia; duration

A

DOE, non prod cough, impaired oxygenation, fever, tachypnea, wt loss, fatigue. the sx will present for weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tests to order for HIV pneumonia

A

-CXR(diffuse bil interstitial infiltrates; may be nml),
-low CD4 nml, increased LDH(>200), increased beta D glucan
- bronchalveolar lavage speciman or induced sputum: direct fluorescent antibody staining of sample to see both trophic and cyst forms

trophic: wright giemsa stain
cysts: methamine silver and toluidine blue stains

if induced sputum is neg: bronchoscopy should be performed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DOE, non prod cough, impaired oxygenation, fever, tachypnea, wt loss, fatigue. the sx will present for weeks

A

sx in HIV pneumonia; duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CXR in pneumocystis jiroveci

A

*ground glass appearance
bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates
-may be nml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

tx for PCP pneumonia

HIV+

severe

sulfa allergy

A

bactrim high dose for 21 days. maybe do prednisone in pts with moderate to severe hypoxemia

if HIV+, add Prednisone if hypoxic(PaO2 <70, A-a gradiant >35

severe: IV Pentamidine

sulfa allergy: dapsone-trimethoprim, clinda-Primaquine, Atovaquone, IV Pentamidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

common organisms for neonates (3)

A

gr b strep, e coli, listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

common organisms age 6 wks to 18 years (5)

A

s. pneumo, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, s aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

common organisms age 18-40 years (4)

A

s. pneumo, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia

30
Q

common organisms age 40-65 years (5)

A

s. pneumo, viruses, mycoplasma, H flu, anaerobes

31
Q

common organisms age over 65 years (6)

A

s. pneumo, viruses, gm neg rods, anaerobes, h flu, s aureus

32
Q

*ground glass appearance
bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates
no effusion

A

CXR in pneumocystis jiroveci

33
Q

bullous myringitis

A

mycoplasma

34
Q

mycoplasma manifestation and what population

cxr

A

bullous myringitis, low fever, dry cough, cold agglutinins

young and healthy

reticulonodular pattern

35
Q

strep pneumo manifestation

A

rust colored sputum, single rigor

36
Q

rust colored sputum, single rigor

A

strep pneumo manifestation

37
Q

klebsiella manifestations

A

current jelly sputum, think chr illness or alcoholism

38
Q

current jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

39
Q

organism in alcohol abuse

A

klebsiella

40
Q

organisms in COPD

A

H pneumo, m cat, h flu, s pneumo

41
Q

organism in CF

A

pseudomonas

42
Q

organisms in young adults/college

A

mycoplasma, chlamydia

43
Q

organism in air conditioners

A

legionella

44
Q

organisms in post splenectomy

A

encapsulated organisms, s pneumo, h pneumo

45
Q

organism in leukemia, lymphoma

A

fungus

46
Q

organism in kid under 1 year

A

RSV

47
Q

organism in kid under 2 years

A

parainfluenza

48
Q

organism in post viral pts

A

staph, s pneumo, h flu

49
Q

manisfestation of longer prodrome, sore throat, hoarseness

A

chlamydia

50
Q

manisfestation of slower onset, immunocompromised, increased lactate dehydrogenase, more hypoxic than xray, interstitial infiltrates

A

PCP pneumonia

51
Q

PCP pneumonia G6PD def- tx

A

mild: atovaquone in sulfa tolerant pts
moderate: in sulfa tolerant pts: atovaquone, desensitize bactrim or switch to IV Pentamidine.

avoid dapsone or primaquine

52
Q

PCP prophylaxis in HIV

A

CD4<200, bactrim

53
Q

histoplasmosis shape

transmission

r/f

s/s (include dissemination)

A

dimorphic oval yeast (no encapsulated)

soil with bird and bat droppings. MIssissippi, ohio, caves, excavators

immunocompromised states, esp AIDS <150

usually asymptomatic. pneumonia: fever, dry cough, myalgias.

dissemination: if immunocompromised, hepatosplenogmegaly, fever, mouth ulcers, bloody diarrhea, adrenal insufficiency. can mimic TB

54
Q

histoplasmosis

dx and tx

A

labs: increased alk phos, LDH, pancytopenia

CXR: pulm infiltrates, hilar, or medialstinial lymphadenopathy

antigen testing via sputum (PCR) or urine highly specific; cultures most specific test.

no tx if asymptomatic.

mild to mod: intraconazole 1st line

severe: amphotericin B.

55
Q

aspiration pneumonia: what organism

s/s

r/f

smell

tx

hosp acquired tx

A

anaerobes, think peridontal ds

reduced consciousness, protracted vomiting

most common in right lower lobe.

foul rotten egg smell

ampicillin-sulbactram parenteral 1st line or augmentin po

alternative: flagyl plus amox or pen g

imipenem, meropenus, pipercillan-tazobactam

56
Q

b lactam allergy

A

do FQ +/- clinda. Aztreonam, aminoglycoside

57
Q

b lactams

A

ceftriaxone

cefotaxime, ampicillin/sulbactam, ertapenem

58
Q

anti-pseudomonal beta lactams

A

pipercillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime.
imipenem, meropenem

59
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin

60
Q

hosp acquired, suspect MRSA

suspect legionella

A

mrsa: vanco or linezolid

legionella: levofloxacin or azithromycin

61
Q

mycoplasma complications

A

SJS, TEN, EM, cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia IgM

62
Q

klebsiella sputum, CXR, gm stain

A

purple currant jelly sputum

cavitary lesions hallmark or lobar consolidations

gm neg rods

63
Q

gm neg rod

gm pos diplococci

gm pos cocci in clusters

A

klebsiella and h flu

st. pneumo

st aureus

64
Q

legionella

s/s

dx

tx

A

fevers, chills, dyspnea, dry cough, cp, myalgias, malaise

extrapulm: GI non bloody diarrhea, n/v
*hyponatrium and increased LFT, neuro sx

nucleic acid detection: PCR preferred, urine antigen

macrolides and FQ (no cipro)

65
Q

Percussion, fremitus, breath sounds

pneumonia

A

dullness

increased

bronchial, egophony

66
Q

Percussion, fremitus, breath sounds

pleural effusion

A

dullness

decreased

decreased

67
Q

Percussion, fremitus, breath sounds

pneumothorax

A

hyper resonance

decreased

decreased

68
Q

pneumococcal vaccine PCV 13 administration

A

pts 6 weeks through 5 years, part of a 4 dose immunization series (given at 2,4,6,12,15 months of age)

69
Q

pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV 23)

indication

what if pt had vac prior to 65

A

age 65 and older, young pts with increased risk for developing complications from pneumoccocal infection

if given within 10 years, should be revaccinated following first dose 10 years following that

70
Q

if both vaccines recommended

A

if pt has no prior vacc with either vaccine, pt should receive a single dose of PCV13 followed 8 wks later by PPSV23.

if pt received PPSV23 in the past, single dose of PCV 13 should be given 1 yr after PPSV23

71
Q

contraindications to vaccines

A

severe allergic to component of diptheria toxoid containing vaccine

PG ok.

cardio and pulm (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions