Pneumonia Flashcards
How does a virus enter the host for pneumonia?
Hemaggluttin attaches to cell surface glycan allowing it to enter
What would you see on lab test for a bacterial infection compared to viral infection?
Elevated CRP and procalcitonin
What are the three types of pneumonia that affect the lung?
Bronchopneumonia, lobar, interstitial
Why are individuals that have a decreased or absent spleen at risk for pneumonia?
They have a faulty alternate pathway (opsonization) of complement putting them at risk for encapsulated organism like pneumonia
Clinically important encapsulated bacteria?
S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, N. meningitidis
What is the most common cause of pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, (gram positive, diplococcus)
What is the most virulent type of haemophilus influenzae and what are its characteristics?
H. influenza type b (Hib). Gram negative, pleomorphic rod
Other types of invasive H. influenza include?
Bacteremia, meningitis, epiglottitis, cellulitis, infectious arthritis
S. aureus has a ____ complication rate and can lead to ______ in the lungs?
HIGH, lung abscesses, empyema (collection of pus and fluid), commonly seen following influenza infection
What type of pneumonia is seen in alcoholics? What are some of the signs?
Klebsiella pneumonia. Thick, blood tinged sputum
What bacteria commonly invades blood vessels and spreads beyond the lungs
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram -
These patient present with GI symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. They can have chest pain and neurological abnormalities. Fever present most the time.
Legionella pneumophilia
This type of pneumonia presents in children and young adults. They will have a cough but appear well. They can have pharyngeal injection and normal lung auscultation. Gradual onset, low grade fever, fatigue
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Major signs of bacterial pneumonia?
Abrupt onset of fever, skaking chills, productive cough, hemoptysis, pleuritis causing pleuritic pain and pleural friction rub
Common microorganisms that cause pneumonia in tobacco users or COPD?
Streptococcus pneumonia, legionella pneumonia, H. influenzae
Common pathogen causing pneumonia in alcoholics?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae (alcoholics are klebc “clumsy”)
Common pathogen causing pneumonia in nursing home residents?
Streptococcus pneumonia, gram negative bacilli, staphylococcus aureus
What are some viral pathogen causing pneumonia?
Influenza virus, respiratory synctitial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, varicella
Two most common type of aspergillus and risk factors?
A. fumigatus and A. flavus. Immunosuppression, influenza A, transplant patients, AIDs patients
Encapsulated yeast that is found in pigeon dropings?
Cryptococcus
Found in the mississippi, ohio,, Missouri river valley?
Histoplasma capsulatum
Found in the soil of California, southwestern US, Mexico, Central/south america?
Coccidioides
Life threatening emergency in HIV+ patients?
Pneumocystis jirovecci
Common pathogens of nosocomial pneumonia?
E. coli (-), Klebsiella p. (-), Enterobacter (-), P. aeruginosa (-), acinetobacter (-), s. aureus (+), streptococcus (+)
