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Respiratory > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of CAP

A
  • Not residing in hospital or long-term care centre for >2 weeks
  • Lower respiratory tract infection
    • ≥1 systemic symptom OR fever ≥38ºC
    • New CXR infiltrates
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2
Q

Causes of CAP

A

Bacterial

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis

Viral

  • Influenza
  • Parainfluenza
  • RSV
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3
Q

Symptoms of CAP

A
  • Dyspnoea
  • Cough with green/yellow sputum
    • Rusty = Strep. pneumoniae
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • Fevers/chills
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4
Q

Signs of CAP

A
  • Dull percussion
  • Increase vocal resonance
  • Bronchial breath sounds
  • Crackles
  • Tachypnoea
  • Tachycardia
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5
Q

Management of CAP

A

Mild

  • Augmentin (macrolide if allergic)

Moderate

  • IV benpen + doxycycline (or clarithro)

Severe

  • IV ceftriaxone (or benpen + gent) + azithromycin
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6
Q

Definition of atypical pneumonia

A
  • Organisms not detectable on gram stain
  • Cannot be cultured using traditional methods
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7
Q

Causes of atypical pneumonia

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Legionella pneumoniae
  • Chlamydiophila pneumoniae
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8
Q

Symptoms of atypical pneumoniae and the organisms responsible

A
  • Often dry cough
  • Headache (M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae)
  • Diarrhoea (L. pneumoniae)
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9
Q

Signs of atypical pneumonia

A

Low grade fever

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10
Q

Management of atypical pneumonia

A
  • Doxycycline
  • Azithromycin
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11
Q

Definition of HAP

A
  • Lower respiratory tract infection following ≥48 hours in hospital
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13
Q

Causes of HAP

A

Gram-negative bacilli

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Escherichia coli
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (coccobacillus)

Gram-positive cocci

  • Staph. aureus (usually MRSA)
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15
Q

Management of HAP

A
  • Mild
    • Augmentin
  • Moderate
    • Ceftriaxone
  • Severe
    • Tazocin
  • Sepsis or pseudomonas
    • Gentamicin
  • MRSA
    • Vancomycin
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17
Q

Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia

A

IR GAS POO

  • Intubation
  • Recumbent position
  • GI disease - GORD, hiatal hernia
  • Altered mental status/consciousness - alcohol, drugs, anaesthesia
  • Swallowing dysfunction - stroke
  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity
  • Old age
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19
Q

Causes of aspiration pneumonia

A

Anaerobes alone or in combination with aerobes. Predominantly isolated are anaerobic gram-positive cocci:

  • Bacteroides spp.
  • Porphyromonas spp.
  • Prevotella melaninogeica
  • Fusobacterium spp.
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21
Q

Management of aspiration pneumonia

A
  • Amoxicillin, ben pen
  • Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime
  • Metronidazole
  • Tazocin

Respiratory (14 decks)

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