Pneumonia Flashcards
Definition of Pneumonia
Infection of one or both of the lungs
Organisms that causes Pneumonia
- Fungi
- Bacteria
- Viruses
Pathophysiology
Inflammation/Infection of the alveoli. Causing fluid or pus making it hard to breathe.
5 Signs and Symptoms
- Coughing
- SOB
- Systemic fever or chills
- Fatigue or muscle aches
- Confusion
What is CAP
Community acquired Pneumonia.
Not been in care facility for > 14 days.
What is MCAP
Medical care acquired pneumonia
What is HAP
Hospital acquired pneumonia
48 hours or greater after being in hospital.
What is Aspiration Pneumonia?
Infection caused by aspirating food
Three ways organism meet the lungs
- Aspiration of flora via nasopharynx
- Inhalation of microbes
- Haematagenous spread from primary infection elsewhere.
If someone is unconscious or under anaesthesia, what are they at risk of?
Aspirating flora through nasopharynx & = HAP.
When are patients at risk of getting pneumonia through inhalation?
Contact from others. e.g. sneezing, community, hospital, poor hand hygiene.
When is someone likely to get pneumonia caused by haematagenous spread?
If they are septic or have a infection caused by staphylococcus (bacteria on skin).
Diagnostic tools
- CXR
- Blood culture - if febrile.
- Blood test ?^WBC
- Sputum sample (Green = Infection)
- O2 Saturations
Treatment of Pneumonia
- POABx or IVABx (to treat the infection & reduce congestion
- O2 therapy
- Mobilise secretions
How is Pneumonia spread
Airborne
Through droplets
