Asthma Flashcards
Definition of Asthma
A Chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by reversible airflow
6 Signs and Symptoms of Asthma
- Cough
- Chest tightness
- Bronchoconstriction
- Wheeze
- SOB (Dyspnea)
- Tachycardia
If the cause is ‘Extrinsic’, What does that mean?
It was caused by allergens
Examples of Allergens that can cause Asthma
- Dust mites
- Pets
- Fungi
- Bacteria
If the cause is ‘Intrinsic’ what does that mean?
Non allergy
e.g. mixed or exercise induced.
4 examples of intrinsic causes?
- Temperature change
- Stress
- Seasonal
- Tobacco
Name 4 diagnostic tools
- Spirometry
- Peak Flow
- CXR
- Sputum Sample
Why would you do a CXR for someone with asthma
To check if the lungs are over inflated
Correct way to perform a peak flow
- Stand/Sit up straight
- Ensure the marker is on 0
- Take a deep breath in. While doing this seal your lips over the peak flow
- Blow as hard, and fast as you can
= Result.
What is bronchoconstriction?
When smooth muscle constricts, as a reaction to the irritant/allergen
What immunoglobbin is elevated in Asthma?
IgE - Antibody produced by allergens.
Pathophys when Inflammation occurs.
Mucous layer thickens due to reaction of inflammation.
Cause of a Wheeze
The Airway is partially blocked
Cause of Crackles
Usually fluid in the alveoli. More likely to occur with Pneumonia.
Example of a SABA
Salbutamol or Terbutaline
What does SABA stand for
Short Acting Beta2 Agonist
Role of Salbutamol
Bronchodilator - Allows smooth muscle to relax
Example of a Corticosteroid
Fluticason (Flixatide) or Busonide
When is flixatide used in asthma, and what is its role?
Daily as a preventer. It prevents and reduces inflammation
3 reasons to use a spacer with Inhalers
- Prevents oral thrush
- 50% more medicine gets into the lungs
- Prevents sore throat
Correct way to use an inhaler
Shake the inhaler Tilt head back slightly Spray and take a deep breath in Hold your breath for 10 seconds Breathe out gently through the nose
