Pneumatics And Airconditioning Flashcards
What part of the air cycle machine where air is expanded and cooled
Turbine
Sources of pneumatics in flight
Engine, APU
Used to regulate engine bleed air pressure
Bleed valve
Used to distribute pneumatics
Pneumatic ducts
Where are the pressurized zones
Cockpit, cabin, cargo, avionics compartment
Where are the unpressurized area
Landing gear bays, radome, tail cone
Different functions of air conditioning system
Cools, pressurizes, heats, ventilates
What is the reasonable cabin altitude
8,000 ft
What regulates the supply of pressure that correspond to the flight altitude
Outflow valve
Computer that regulates the amount of trim air that is mixed with the called air that flows out through the pack
Zone controller
Computer that regulates the temperature of the cold air that gives the pack
Pack controller
Cooling device that is considered to be very effective
Heat exchanger
Cooling device that is used when engine bleed air is not available
Vapor cycle machine
Cooling device that is used in most jet aircraft
Air cycle machine
Recirculation system consist of
Filter, check valve, fan
What are the different components of the air cycle machine
Turbine, compressor, fan
Used to minimize the amount of ozone in the cabin that can harm person
Ozone converter
Control valve that determines the amount of air going to the cabin
Pack flow control valve
Part of the air cycle machine that causes the air to expand causing the pressure and temperature to decrease
Turbine
What are the negative effects of water in the cabin?
Corrosion and discomfort
Where can we see the pack controllers?
Located in the avionics compartment
Distribute cold air from the pack to different zones in the cabin
Mixing unit
What are the 2 different ways to distribute cold air to the cockpit?
Directly from the pack or by aerodynamic way
Supplies ambient air to pack when all packs fail
Emergency ram air inlet
This allows individual control of all zones
Trim air valve
System that remove hot, humid, and stale air
Ventilation system / extraction fan
Different cargo compartment types for air conditioning
Ventilated, nonventilated, heated, and unheated
How to ventilate cargo compartments
Blower fan and extraction fan
How to heat cargo compartment
Bleed air or electrical heaters
Ways to cool avionics compartment
a.) Heat exchanger (using aircraft skin)
b.) Extractor valve (nilalabas yung init)
c.) Discharged cabin air (pinapasok ung cold air from cabin)
Cabin rate that we shouldn’t exceed
+500 ft and -300 ft
This means that pressure in the cabin is lower than the ambient pressure
Negative differential pressure
What cabin altitude will oxygen masks automatically release from passenger cabin seats
14,000 ft
What cabin altitude will relief valve open?
15,000 ft
For safety reasons, how many persons do we need inside the cockpit during cabin pressurization test
2
Installed in the cargo compartment to avoid excessive pressure difference between different pressurized areas
Blowout panels
Cabin pressure regulation failure this valve protects the aircraft structures against structural damage in excessive differential pressure
Safety valve
Principles of cooling or heat transfer
Heat is a form of energy where it cannot be destroyed nor made. It can only be transformed. Heat can only flow from an object to a cooler object
What is the relationship between pressure and altitude
Pressure decreases as altitude increases
What is the relationship between humidity and temperature
Humidity increases as temperature increases
Parts/components of recirculation system
Check valve, filter, and fan
It isolates the bleed air from the Left to
Right- Wing pneumatic ducts?
Cross bleed valve (Airbus) or Isolation Valve (Boeing)
Which computer controls the Isolation
Valve?
Pneumatic Controller (PC)
What is the role of Bleed Valves?
For Pressure Regulation function, shutoff function, check valve function,
overtemperature control function
When is the LP Valve used?
When the Pneumatic system is in the normal condition wherein the LP stage is sufficient source of bleed air
Which computer controls the HP Valve?
Pneumatic Controller (PC)
If there a leakage on our Pneumatics what are the indications?
FAULT is illuminated on the overhead
panel and Amber color + closed valves indication on the ECAM
Does the APU Bleed Valve regulate the PSI?
No, it only has a shutoff function and it is controlled by Pneumatic controller and
push button S/W on the cockpit
Computer for ducting and monitored by?
Pneumatic Controller and monitored by
Leak Detection system which is Loop Detector
Where are the sources of our Pneumatic
supply?
HP Ground Supply (Ground Cart),
APU, Engine (HP or LP Compressor)
What are the two valves used on some aircraft for Pressure regulating system?
Pressure Regulator Valve, Bleed Valve
Which computer controls the Fan Air Valve?
Pneumatic Controller
What is the purpose of the Fan Air Valve?
It is used to allow more or less fan air from the engine fan duct to pass the
precooler
What is the purpose of manual override
control in the HP Valve?
Locks the HP valve in a closed position
if there is a fault in the operation of the valve
What are the primary components of Air Cycle Machine
Compressor, Turbine, and Fan
What is the composition of Heat Exchanger?
Primary and Secondary Heat Exchanger
What cools the Primary and Secondary Heat Exchanger?
Ram Air
What the normal Cabin Altitude?
8.000 feet
What is the function of the Turbine in the ACM?
It expands the air, causing the pressure and temperature to decrease
What is the function of the Ozone
Converter?
To minimize the amount of ozone in the
Cabin by using a catalyst which converts the ozone to harmless oxygen
How do we control the air temperature in our Primary and Secondary Heat
Exchanger?
By adjusting the opening RAM air inlet door and RAM air exit door
What are the components of Recirculation System?
Check Valve, Recirculation Fan, Air Filter
What do you call to the Passengers individual Air supply system below the hat racks?
Gasper System
How do we detect ice formation in our Air Conditioning system?
Out Pressure transmitter send
differential pressure information between the water separator inlet and outlet to the PACK controller
What component do we use in an event of all PACKS system inoperative?
Emergency RAM Air Inlet door flap
What are the three ways to shut down the Trim Air Valve?
When the PACK is not working. Trim
Air Valve is blocked in open position, or Air Pressure Regulator is Closed
What is function of Isolation Valves?
They must close in the event of cargo fire to stop the airflow
What are the Cargo Heating system in the Aircraft?
Heating system using either by Hot Bleed Air or Electrical Heaters
What computer is used to control the
ventilation of our avionics compartment?
Avionics Equipment Ventilation
Computer (AEVC)
The Source of air for cooling of E/E
Compartment during ground?
Ambient Air/RAM Air
The source of air for cooling of E/E
Compartment during flight?
Cabin Air
The Source of air for cooling of E/E
Compartment during smoke event?
Air Conditioning
What happens to our air during Inboard Mode?
Air flows through E/E Compartment
then goes to the underfloor area (FWD Cargo Compartment)
What happens to our air during Outboard mode?
Air goes out of the aircraft through
Overboard Valve
What kind of Heat Exchanger is used on our system?
Air to Air Heat Exchanger
Where is our Air Conditioning System is
located?
Center Wing Box
When does the Extraction Fans open?
When the Aircraft is energized
When does the Extraction Fans closes?
When there’s enough differential
pressure is present to transport the air
Protection Function during 10,000 ft cabin altitude?
Flight Crew gets a warning to put on the
oxygen masks
Protection Function during 14,000 ft cabin altitude?
Oxygen masks automatically released from the passenger cabin ceiling
Protection Function during 15,000 ft cabin altitude?
Outflow Valves must close
automatically
What safety procedure we do before turning
ON the Air Conditioning system on ground?
We need at least 1 open door or window
