PMY3304 Summary Sheets Hyperthyroidism Flashcards
Describe hyperthyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by the production and secretion of excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, leading to increased metabolism of all body systems.
What are the common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Common symptoms include nervousness, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, difficulty sleeping, persistent tiredness, weakness, sensitivity to heat, increased sweating, swelling in the neck (goitre), and irregular or fast heart rate (palpitations).
Define Graves’ Disease.
Graves’ Disease is a type of hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid-stimulating antibodies that mimic the effect of TSH, resulting in the overactivity of the thyroid gland. It is often associated with inflammation of the tissue around the eyes.
How is hyperthyroidism typically treated?
Treatment for hyperthyroidism often involves antithyroid drugs supplemented by beta-blockers. Carbimazole is commonly used, starting at 15-40mg OD and then reduced to a maintenance dose of 5-15mg/day. In some cases, a blocking replacement regimen of carbimazole and levothyroxine may be prescribed for 12-18 months. Propylthiouracil is another second-line treatment option.
What are the risk factors associated with hyperthyroidism?
Risk factors for hyperthyroidism include genetic predisposition, Graves’ Disease (toxic diffuse goitre), and toxic nodular goitre (single hyperfunctioning nodule).
Describe the maintenance dosage of Propylthiouracil for hyperthyroidism treatment.
Maintenance dosage is typically 50-150mg OD.
What is the role of ß-blockers in hyperthyroidism treatment?
They provide rapid relief of symptoms like palpitations, anxiety, sweating, and tremors.
How often should TSH, FT4, and FT3 be monitored for individuals on antithyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism?
Every 6 weeks until TSH is within the reference range, then every 3 months with cascading until drugs are stopped.
Define the contraindications for radioactive iodine treatment in hyperthyroidism.
Contraindications include children, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.
What are some associated risks of hyperthyroidism?
It is associated with cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, with a higher prevalence in women.
