Lecture 19 Contraception Flashcards
Describe the mechanisms of combined hormonal contraception like the oral pill, transdermal patch, and vaginal ring.
They act to inhibit ovulation and have contraceptive effects on cervical mucus and endometrium.
What are the mechanisms of progestogen-only contraception methods such as the progestogen-only pill, implant, and injectable?
They work by increasing cervical mucus volume, suppressing ovulation, preventing implantation, and affecting the fallopian tube cilia.
How do progestogen-only implants inhibit pregnancy?
They inhibit ovulation and cause changes in cervical mucus.
Define the mechanisms of progestogen-only injectables in preventing pregnancy.
They inhibit ovulation, cause changes in cervical mucus, and create an unfavorable endometrial environment for implantation.
Describe the mechanisms of intrauterine contraception methods like the progestogen-only intrauterine device and copper intrauterine device.
They work by exerting progestogenic effects on the endometrium and cervical mucus (LNG-IUD) or inhibiting fertilization through copper effects on ovum and sperm (CU-IUD).
Describe the mechanism of action of copper intrauterine device (CU-IUD) for emergency contraception.
Inhibition of fertilization through the toxic effect of copper on the ovum and sperm, as well as inhibiting sperm passage into the upper reproductive tract. It also increases the inflammatory response in the endometrium.
What are the types of barrier methods of contraception mentioned in the content?
Male and female condoms, diaphragm, and cervical cap.
How does ulipristal acetate 30mg (EllaONE) work as emergency contraception?
It inhibits or delays ovulation by suppressing the luteinising hormone (LH) surge.
Define emergency contraception and its importance.
Emergency contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is crucial in preventing unintended pregnancies.
Describe the role of levonorgestrel 1.5mg in emergency contraception.
It mainly prevents ovulation and fertilization, especially if intercourse occurs in the pre-ovulatory phase when the likelihood of fertilization is highest.
What is the purpose of using diaphragms and cervical caps as barrier methods of contraception?
They provide a physical barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the cervix and are used with spermicide to provide a chemical barrier to sperm.
How does the inflammatory response in the endometrium affect implantation in the context of emergency contraception?
The inflammatory response within the endometrium, caused by certain emergency contraception methods, could impair the process of implantation, potentially affecting the success of pregnancy.
