PMTP (LEC) UNIT 2 Flashcards
When a microorganism invades body multiples, and causes injury or disease
Infecrion
a disease-causing microbe
Pathogen
Cell wall of a Bacteria
Peptidoglycan
Cell wall of Fungi
Chitin
is Bacteria, Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes
is Fungi, Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Outside of the host is inanimate
Virus
Infection that is one person to another
Communicable
Associated infections from the healthcare
Nosocomial & Healthcare
Gram (-)
Pink - Red
Gram (+)
Purple - Blue
There are 100 trillion bacterias in our body
Indigenous Microflora
E. coli
Prokaryotes
Multicellular Parasites
Metazoa
Single cell parasites
Protazoa
Cestodes is also known as
Tapeworm
Trematodes is also known as
Flukes
Nematodes is also known as
Roundworms
Acinetobacter Bacumannii
Drug resistant
Cutaneous / Subcutaneous (needles)
Portal of Entry
HCV, Immunocompromised, Humans/Apes
Susceptible Host
Zoonotic Reservoirs
Animals
MRSA, TYPHOID MARY (SALMONELLA)
Human Reservoir
Inanimate (e.g tourniquet, linen, insects)
Fomites
Body Fluids
Portal
Pathogenic microbe
Infectious agent
Source of the agent of infection or place
where the microbe could grow, survive, and
multiply, which could be in:
Reservoir
A way or manner wherein an infectious
agent can leave the reservoir host, which
could be through:
Portal of Exit
Airborne, Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplet, Vector, Vehicle
Mode of Transmission
The way an infectious agent enters a host,
which includes:
Portal of Entry
Someone who is prone to infection,
especially the
Susceptible host
Protecting the people from the “bad bug”
Biosafety
Protecting the “bad bug: from the people
Biosecurity
A healthcare institution should have a set of procedures to break the chain of infection
Infection-Control Program
OSHA
Occupation Safety and Health Administration
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
Elimination > Substitution > Engineering Controls > Administrative Controls > PPE
used for patients with diseases that
are spread through large airborne droplets: coughing, sneezing, talking, and laughing.
Droplet precautions
patients with diseases that are
spread through direct and indirect contact.
Contact precaution
o Tuberculosis
o Measles
o Chickenpox
o Herpes zoster
o Smallpox
Airborne Precautions
Any material that could be harmful to one’s health.
Biohazard
Used to prevent and protect clinical laboratories from harmful incidents caused by laboratory specimen
Biosafety
from splashes and aerosols during
centrifuge and aliquot.
Airborne
hands are not sanitized before handling
food.
Ingestion
contamination through breaks or
cuts in the skin.
Non-intact skin
exposure through the skin due to
injuries from needlesticks and other sharp objects.
Percutaneous
infection through mucous membranes
of the mouth and nose and the conjunctiva of the eyes
Permucosal
Another potential hazard that a health worker faces in theworkplace is electric shock especially when dealing with electrical equipment.
Electric Shock
Spanish Flu, Clazo
Category-specific system
based on the route of infection, i.e.,
enteric, respiratory, etc
Category-specific system
Based on the modes of transmission of the common diseases.
Disease-specific system
There insufficient return of blood to heart.
Shock
abnormal or profuse bleeding
Hemorrhage
blood and body fluids of all people are
potentially infectious
Universal Precautions
Body substance isolation
Gloves for contacting moist body substances
1 strategy for control of nosocomial infection
Standard precautions
Covers blood, all body fluids, skin breaks, mucous membranes
Standard precautions
Used for all patients
Standard precautions
Used for patients known/suspected to have certain infections
Transmission-based precautions
Three types: 1. airborne, 2. droplet, 3. contact
Transmission-based precautions
Used for patients with diseases that are spread through airborne droplets-coughing sneezing, talking or laughing
Droplet precautions
Used for patients with diseases
Contact precautions
External Hemorrhage
Abnormal or profuse bleeding
