PMP Simulation Test – 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Thomas is examining project cost performance over time to determine if performance is improving or deteriorating. Which technique is he using?
a. Earned value analysis
b. Trend analysis
c. Variance analysis
d. Reserve analysis
A
Trend analysis
2
Q
Alex is facing some trust issues with his project team due to previous conflicts. Which Interpersonal and team skill can help him build trust and harmony among the team members?
a. Influencing
b. Motivation
c. Negotiation
d. Recognition and rewards
A
Negotiation
3
Q
The project team identified a risk with potential negative impacts that can cause failure of the project objectives. Which of the following risk strategies should they plan?
a. Escalate
b. Avoid
c. Exploit
d. Accept
A
Avoid
4
Q
____requires disclosing the available budget to invited sellers in the RFP and selecting the highest-ranking technical proposal within the budget.
a. Qualifications only
b. Quality-based/highest technical proposal score
c. Quality and cost-based
d. Fixed budget
A
Fixed budget
5
Q
While calculating the project cost variance, Andy found the value is negative. Which of the following represents the project cost status?
a. Project is under planned cost
b. Project is on budget
c. Project is over planned cost
d. None of the above
A
Project is over planned cost
6
Q
Rupert just received his first project with DINO Technologies. He knows that the company well reputation in project management comes from its PMO team experience and expertise. As Rupert tries to leverage the company’s tacit knowledge, accordingly, he should_____
a. Conduct Conversations
b. Review Lessons Learned repository
c. Review historical records
d. Review knowledgebase
A
Conduct Conversations
7
Q
The project team is assessing project stakeholders’ engagement level. While assessing technical-support manager engagement level, he exhibited knowledge of the project existence and did not show any sign of interest. What is his engagement level?
a. Unaware
b. Resistant
c. Neutral
d. Supportive
A
Neutral
8
Q
Adam is working on Implement of risk responses process. He wants to review the nominated owners for each response plan. Which input contains these details?
a. Risk management plan
b. Risk report
c. Risk register
d. Risk breakdown structure
A
Risk register
9
Q
Alex used Individual and team assessment to identify the specific training, coaching, mentoring, assistance, or changes required to improve the team’s performance accordingly, which output should he expect?
a. Change request
b. Team performance assessment
c. Enterprise environmental factors updates
d. Organizational process assets updates
A
Team performance assessment
10
Q
A project team is still in storming stage, which of following characteristics would the team exhibit?
a. Members tend to be independent and not as open
b. Members are not collaborative or open to differing ideas and perspectives
c. The environment can become counterproductive
d. Both B and C
A
Members are not collaborative or open to differing ideas and perspectives
and
The environment can become counterproductive
11
Q
Kate asked one of her team to provide her with a list of all significant points and events in the project she is managing. She wants to include all mandatory points required by contract or even optional. Her team member, who is new to the project, finds that a Milestone List will cover Kate’s request. Which process creates the project Milestone List as an output?
a. Define Activities
b. Develop Schedule
c. Sequence Activities
d. Plan Schedule Management
A
Define Activities
12
Q
Sam is leading a team of technical experts that aims to develop a new product. He is aiming to provide a reason for the team members to act on their own, which Interpersonal and team skill can help him achieve this objective?
a. Influencing
b. Motivation
c. Negotiation
d. Recognition and rewards
A
Motivation
13
Q
After applying the planned engagement strategy with the IT support desk manager, his attitude towards the project became less aggressive and more understanding of the project benefits. What was his previous engagement level?
a. Unaware
b. Resistant
c. Neutral
d. Supportive
A
Resistant
14
Q
After performing stakeholders’ assessment, the project team classified the stakeholders based on assessments of their power, urgency and legitimacy. Which data representation technique did the project manager use?
a. Power/interest grid
b. Impact/influence grid
c. Stakeholder cube
d. Salience model
A
Salience model
15
Q
Which validate scope process input specifies how to obtain formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables?
a. Requirements management plan
b. Scope management plan
c. Requirements documentation
d. Scope Baseline
A
Scope management plan
16
Q
The requirements traceability matrix is an important output of Collect Requirements process. Which of the following is a key characteristic of requirements traceability matrix?
a. It provides a means to track requirements throughout the project life cycle
b. It is a grid that links product requirements from their origin till cost estimate
c. It helps ensure that each requirement duration does not exceed the project critical path
d. It does not help with managing changes to the product scope
A
It provides a means to track requirements throughout the project life cycle
17
Q
Which process formalizes the completed project deliverables acceptance?
a. Validate scope
b. Control scope
c. Close Phase
d. Close Project
A
Validate scope
18
Q
A project sponsor is developing the project benefits management plan. As he is identifying the project tangible benefits, which of the following would he include?
a. Brand recognition
b. Trademarks
c. Strategic alignment
d. Tools
A
Tools
19
Q
If a project risk probability of achieving positive outcome is 30% and expected positive outcome is $60k, and its probability of achieving negative outcome is 25% and expected negative outcome is $64k. What is the risk expected monetary value?
a. $16k
b. $18k
c. $2k
d. -$2k
A
$2k
EMV=30%60-25%64=18 – 16=$2k
20
Q
_____breaks down the causes of the problem statement identified into discrete branches, helping to identify the main or root cause of the problem.
a. Affinity diagrams
b. Fishbone diagrams
c. Histograms
d. Matrix diagrams
A
Fishbone diagrams
21
Q
Estimate Costs is a critical process for project planning. Samantha knows that one of techniques she can use for the process is reserve analysis. It aims to account for cost uncertainty and identified risks. Which of the following is an example of such costs?
a. Rework
b. Scope creep
c. Phase closure
d. Quality conformance
A
Rework
22
Q
One of the models used to describe team development is the Tuckman ladder, which includes five stages of development that teams may go through. It is common for these stages to occur in order. As Sally is leading a team in performing stage, which stage should follow?
a. Forming
b. Norming
c. Storming
d. Adjourning
A
Adjourning
23
Q
You are working on the project communication management processes. Which trends and emerging practices for Project Communications Management would you consider?
a. Physical location
b. Communications technology
c. Knowledge management
d. Inclusion of stakeholders in project reviews
A
Inclusion of stakeholders in project reviews
24
Q
A project manager is working on conduct procurement process. He wants to review the standards and guidelines, which he will use to assess received proposals. Which Procurement documentation should he review?
a. Bid documents
b. Procurement statement of work
c. Independent cost estimates
d. Source selection criteria
A
Source selection criteria
25
Sam is performing control cost process. To measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources, he is using a metric expressed as a ratio. Which measure is he using?
a. Schedule performance index (SPI)
b. Cost performance index (CPI)
c. Cost variance (CV)
d. Schedule variance (SV)
Cost performance index (CPI)
26
Critical path method is an important tool for Juan who tries to develop a schedule for his project. He uses it to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of schedule flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model. What Juan should not consider during this step?
a. Activities total float
b. Activities resource limitations
c. Activities early start and late start
d. Activities early finish and late finish
Activities resource limitations
27
Mark’s project deliverables have passed all acceptance approvals. As the project is ending, Mark is about to close the project and develop its final report. Which of the following information is not part of project final report?
a. Scope Objectives
b. Resources Objectives
c. Schedule Objectives
d. Quality Objectives
Resources Objectives
28
Alex just completed all the project activities and working on measuring whether the project achieved its planned business value or not. Which document would help him in his task?
a. Business case
b. Benefits management plan
c. Project charter
d. All of the above
Benefits management plan
29
You are working on ensuring the information needs of the project and its stakeholders are met. Which process can help you achieve this?
a. Manage communications
b. Manage stakeholder engagement
c. Monitor stakeholder engagement
d. Monitor communications
Monitor communications
30
While identifying project stakeholders, the team realized that the project has a large number of stakeholders, which is expected to change frequently. Which data representation technique would be necessary for such case?
a. Salience model
b. Directions of influence
c. Prioritization
d. Power/interest grid
Prioritization
31
Which process provides overall management of the project work and deliverables, thus improving the probability of project success?
a. Monitor and Control Project Work
b. Perform Integrated Change Control
c. Direct and Manage Project Work
d. Validate Scope
Direct and Manage Project Work
32
Cost performance results of a project shows VAC is $10K and the actual cost is $40K. Remaining work is expected to be completed at the planned rate. What is the earned value of this project?
a. $50k
b. $30k
c. $60k
d. Cannot say
$50k
VAC=EV-AC
EV=VAC+AC= 10+40=$50K
33
A key output of Plan Risk Responses process is Project Management Plan updates. Any change to the project management plan goes through the organization’s change control process via a change request. Which of the following is not a component of the project management plan?
a. Cost Baseline
b. Scope Baseline
c. Quality Baseline
d. Schedule Baseline
Quality Baseline
34
_____is primarily concerned with acceptance of the deliverables.
a. Control quality
b. Manage quality
c. Validate scope
d. Control scope
Validate scope
35
Sam is preparing a presentation of the project’s results to demonstrate its compliance with the project scope. Which document can assist him achieve this objective?
a. Requirements documentation
b. Quality report
c. Quality control measurements
d. Requirements traceability matrix
Requirements documentation
36
A project team shows high level of synergy and work together as a unit. At which stage does this team stand?
a. Forming
b. Storming
c. Norming
d. Performing
Performing
37
Gary is in the middle of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organization’s quality policies into the project. Which process Gary is performing?
a. Plan Quality
b. Control Quality
c. Manage Quality
d. Develop Quality
Manage Quality
38
The project sponsor established a formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying or rejecting changes to the project and for recording and communicating such decisions. Which of the following is the name of this group?
a. Change Cause Board
b. Change Control Board
c. Change Checklist Board
d. Change Configuration Board
Change Control Board
39
Which is not one of close project the tools and techniques?
a. Regression analysis
b. Trend analysis
c. Quality control measurements
d. Document analysis
Quality control measurements
40
Sam is working on his project stakeholder management processes; which process would not require Project charter?
a. Identify Stakeholders
b. Plan Stakeholder Engagement
c. Manage Stakeholder Engagement
d. Plan Communications Management
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
41
Juan wants to identify the working days, shifts, start and end of normal business hours, weekends, and public holidays when each specific resource is available. He also wants to specify when and for how long, identified team and physical resources will be available during the project. To which document should Juan refer?
a. Project Calendar
b. Resource Calendar
c. Risk Register
d. Stakeholder Register
Resource Calendar
42
A project team is still in forming stage, which of following characteristics would the team exhibit?
a. Members tend to be independent and not as open
b. Members are not collaborative or open to differing ideas and perspectives
c. The environment can become counterproductive
d. Both B and C
Members tend to be independent and not as open
43
Which of the following is an output of Control Quality process?
a. Quality reports
b. Test and evaluation documents
c. Quality control measurements
d. Check sheets
Quality control measurements
44
Paul is leading a new project he is not familiar with its technicalities. He knew that Ana led a similar project two months ago. As Paul tries to estimate activity durations of his project, Ana can help in_____
a. Analogous Estimating
b. Parametric Estimating
c. Three Point Estimating
d. Bottom-Up Estimating
Analogous Estimating
45
Business documents is one of close project process inputs. Which of the following does it include?
a. Project charter
b. Assumption log
c. Benefits management plan
d. None of the above
Benefits management plan
46
Suzy is working on the findings and recommendations from quality control processes to develop more enhanced way of work for the project. This is an Example of_____
a. Problem solving
b. Root cause analysis
c. Quality improvements
d. All of the above
Quality improvements
47
Which conduct procurement input contains the activities to be executed during the Conduct Procurements process?
a. Scope management plan
b. Requirements management plan
c. Procurement management plan
d. Scope baseline
Procurement management plan
48
While performing Plan Resource Management process, the project manager reviewed a traditional chart structure, which shows positions and relationships in a graphical top-down format. Which of the following is a hierarchical chart?
a. RACI
b. Resource Assignment Matrix
c. Burn down chart
d. Resource Breakdown Structure
Resource Breakdown Structure
49
Alex is managing a construction project. Currently he is working on “Estimate Costs” process. Which is not an organizational process asset that can influence the process?
a. Cost estimating policies
b. Cost estimating templates
c. Exchange rates and inflation
d. Both A and B
Exchange rates and inflation
50
Sam is planning a new product-development project. Due to the nature of the project, the project scope might not be fully clear at early stages. Which Considerations for tailoring should he focus on?
a. Knowledge and requirements management
b. Validation and control
c. Development approach
d. Governance
Development approach
51
In response to country new health standards, Star and Co. decided to launch a new project to set the required compliance measurements. This is an example of_____
a. Meet regulatory, legal, or social requirements
b. Satisfy stakeholder requests or needs
c. Implement or change business or technological strategies
d. Create, improve, or fix products, processes, or services
Meet regulatory, legal, or social requirements
52
The use of knowledgebase portal within a project is an example of_____
a. Explicit knowledge
b. Tacit knowledge
c. Direct knowledge
d. All of the above
Explicit knowledge
53
If a project CV= $5k, AC =$30k, PV is $25k. What is schedule variance?
a. $5k
b. $-5k
c. $10k
d. Cannot say
$10k
EV can be derived from CV=EV-AC then EV=30+5=35 then SV=EV-PV=35-25=$10k
54
Sam just completed major deliverable testing when his project sponsor informed him to terminate the project due to budget cuts. Which process should he go through next?
a. Validate scope
b. Control scope
c. Close Phase
d. Close Project
Close Project
55
A project manager aims to represent project risks and sources of uncertainty that might occur independently of any planned activity. Which model is most useful for this representation?
a. Monte Carlo
b. Probabilistic branches
c. Expected monetary value
d. Tornado Diagram
Probabilistic branches
56
While performing close project process, Sue is reviewing configuration management knowledge base, which contains the versions and baselines of all official organizational standards, policies and procedures. This configuration management knowledge base is an_____
a. Organizational process asset
b. Enterprise Environmental factor
c. Expert judgement
d. None of the above
Organizational process asset
57
A project manager is analyzing the relationship between the consumption of project funds and the work accomplished for such expenditures. Which process is he performing?
a. Plan cost management
b. Estimate costs
c. Determine budget
d. Control cost
Control cost
58
The project team is investigating the extent to which the risk relates to other individual project risks. Which risk characteristic are they measuring?
a. Manageability
b. Controllability
c. Detectability
d. Connectivity
Connectivity
59
Sam is measuring the schedule performance of an agile project using a chart. He tracks the remaining work in the iteration backlog. What chart is he using?
a. Control chart
b. Agile release chart
c. Burndown chart
d. Earned value chart
Burndown chart
60
What is the key benefit of Control Procurements process?
a. It ensures that buyer’s performance meet the project’s requirements
b. It ensures that the seller’s performance meet the project’s requirements
c. It ensures that both the seller’s and buyer’s performance meet the project’s requirements
d. None of the above
It ensures that both the seller’s and buyer’s performance meet the project’s requirements
61
_____can demonstrate a relationship between any element of a process, environment, or activity on one axis and a quality defect on the other axis.
a. Affinity diagrams
b. Fishbone diagrams
c. Scatter diagrams
d. Matrix diagrams
Scatter diagrams
62
_____is the budget associated with the authorized work that has been completed.
a. Planned value (PV)
b. Earned value (EV)
c. Actual cost (AC)
d. Budget At completion (BAC)
Earned value (EV)
63
John is trying to measure of the project schedule efficiency using the ratio of earned value to planned value. Which measure is he using?
a. Schedule performance index (SPI)
b. Cost performance index (CPI)
c. Cost variance (CV)
d. Schedule variance (SV)
Schedule performance index (SPI)
64
The project manager of an internal system upgrade project is setting guidelines for decision-making process within the project team, which of the following guidelines should he not consider?
a. Focus on goals to be served
b. Remove the environmental factors
c. Analyze available information
d. Account for risk
Remove the environmental factors
65
Which of the following is not an output of Manage Quality process?
a. Quality reports
b. Test and evaluation documents
c. Verified deliverables
d. Change requests
Verified deliverables
66
Sam is leading a project team which still new to each other. Despite the short period they spent together, they show tendency to work together and adjust their work habits and behaviors to support each other. At which stage does this team stand?
a. Forming
b. Storming
c. Norming
d. Performing
Norming
67
A project manager is communicating with other projects’ teams to negotiate for scarce resources. This is an example of_____
a. Formal
b. Hierarchical Downward
c. Hierarchical Horizontal
d. Official
Hierarchical Horizontal
68
A project manager intends to use three-point estimating technique to define an approximate range that may improve the accuracy of estimates considering estimation uncertainty and risk. Which of the following formulas can the project manager use to calculate the beta distribution?
a. cE = (cO + cM + cP) / 3
b. cE = (cO + 2cM + cP) / 4
c. cE = (cO + 3cM + cP) / 5
d. cE = (cO + 4cM + cP) / 6
cE = (cO + 4cM + cP) / 6
69
During the planning for an automation project, the company HR informed the project team that there is a very limited number of Artificial intelligence engineers available for all running projects. Accordingly, which resource optimization technique can help improve the schedule accuracy?
a. Resource loading
b. Resource leveling
c. Resource smoothing
d. Resource assignment
Resource leveling
70
_____ verifies that the project meets the quality requirements.
a. Plan Quality
b. Manage Quality
c. Control quality
d. Monitor Quality
Control quality
71
During project review, the project performance data presented were AC= $65k, CPI remained consistent for the last three reviews =0.95, BAC is $200k, EV =$62k. What is estimate at completion?
a. $213k
b. $210k
c. $224k
d. Cannot say
$210k
EAC=BAC/CPI=200/ (0.95) =$210k
72
Project managers should regularly monitor their project risks and update their risk register. According to PMBOK, the risk register captures details of identified individual project risks. Which of the following processes result in risk register updates?
a. Identify Stakeholders
b. Plan Risk Management
c. Plan Stakeholder Engagement
d. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
Identify Stakeholders
73
While developing the project benefits management plan, the project sponsor is identifying the project intangible benefits. Which of the following would he include?
a. Public benefit
b. Utility
c. Fixtures
d. Tools
Public benefit
74
Adam is a project manager working on “Manage Stakeholder Engagement” process. Which of the following organizational process assets would he consider?
a. Personnel administration policies
b. Stakeholder risk thresholds
c. Standardized guidelines for development
d. Established communication channels
Standardized guidelines for development
75
John aims to enhance his project team’s social relations and build a collaborative and cooperative working environment through conducting multiple activities including facilitated workshops, and offsite meetings. This is an example of_____
a. Influencing
b. Motivation
c. Team building
d. Colocation
Team building
76
Jack is managing a complex project with many ambiguities. The project sponsor advised him to use a technique in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a higher level. Which of the following is the name of this technique?
a. Regression Analysis
b. Rolling Wave Planning
c. Resource Optimization Technique
d. Requirements Management Planning
Rolling Wave Planning
77
Quintin is working on conducting his project procurement. He is studying the bid documents he would use to solicit proposals from prospective sellers. Which of the following is not a bidding document?
a. Request for Solution (RFS)
b. Request for Proposal (RFP)
c. Request for Information (RFI)
d. Request for Quotation (RFQ)
Request for Solution (RFS)
78
AC Co. initiated new business transformation project to improve its operations efficiency. This is an example of_____
a. Meet regulatory, legal, or social requirements
b. Satisfy stakeholder requests or needs
c. Implement or change business or technological strategies
d. Create, improve, or fix products, processes, or services
Create, improve, or fix products, processes, or services
79
Monitor Risks is the process of monitoring the implementation of agreed-upon risk response plans, tracking identified risks, identifying and analyzing new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project. Sam knows that she needs to update the process inputs in regular basis. Which of the following is one of the process inputs?
a. Lessons Learned Register
b. Stakeholders Register
c. Bid Documents Register
d. Assignment Register
Lessons Learned Register
80
After the assessment of the project team skills, the results showed one of the members needs more hands-on experience before he can effectively carry out the work. According, the project manager set a plan for him to shadow with another colleague in order to gain the required skills. This is an example of_____
a. Colocation
b. Team building
c. Virtual teams
d. Training
Training
81
John is working on Implement of risk responses process. He wants to identify the roles and responsibilities of project team members and other stakeholders for risk management. Which input lists these details?
a. Risk management plan
b. Risk report
c. Risk register update
d. Risk breakdown structure
Risk management plan
82
Amid the execution of a construction project, the customer requested to reduce the project remaining time by 2 months out of 6 months. Considering the fact that the customer is sensitive towards quality but more flexible with cost. Which Schedule compression technique would you use?
a. Resource smoothing
b. Resource optimization
c. Fast tracking
d. Crashing
Crashing
83
While initiating an internal project, the project sponsor plans for a review at the end of each phase to decide whether to continue to the next phase or not. This is a reference to_____
a. Milestones
b. Phase gates
c. Closure points
d. All of the above
Phase gates
84
Jack is performing Control Resources. He intends to review the source of different resources whether they are internal to the organization or outsourced. Which input document contains this information?
a. Physical resource assignments
b. Issue log
c. Resource breakdown structure
d. Resource requirements
Physical resource assignments
85
The project team is using an automated resource assignment tool to reflect the changes in resource assignments and notify project staff with it. What type of costs does the tool affect?
a. Internal Failure Costs
b. External Failure Costs
c. Prevention Costs
d. Appraisal Costs
Prevention Costs
86
The project team is excited that the major project deliverable is developed. The project manager asked the team to validate the product prior handing it over to the customer. Which of the following techniques can the team use for validation?
a. Inspection
b. Data Analysis
c. Decomposition
d. Expert Judgment
Inspection
87
Sally is discussing with the project quality team the Cost of nonconformance, which is the money spent during and after the project because of failures. Which of the following is an internal failure cost?
a. Rework
b. Warranty
c. Inspection
d. Equipment
Rework
88
Dan has recently joined a software rollout project. The project size is bigger than he used to and it has a huge number of stakeholders. A senior member of his team advised him to refer to the project RACI chart. Which of the following stands for the C letter in RACI?
a. Consult
b. Consent
c. Capable
d. Collector
Consult
89
The urgency, frequency, and format of the communicated information, the availability and reliability of communication technology and the Ease of use are _____
a. Factors that can affect the choice of communication technology
b. Organizational process assets that can influence Manage Communications process
c. Enterprise environmental factors that can influence Manage Communications process
d. Communication methods
Factors that can affect the choice of communication technology
90
Estimate Activity Duration process result into documenting the basis of estimates. The supporting documentation should provide a clear and complete understanding of how the duration estimate was derived. Which of the following is not an example of this documentation?
a. Documentation of stakeholders contact details
b. Documentation of all assumptions made
c. Documentation of any known constraints
d. Documentation of individual project risks
Documentation of stakeholders contact details
91
When should a project manager perform Control Procurements process?
a. At the beginning of the project
b. At the end of each phase
c. At the end of the project
d. Throughout the project as needed
Throughout the project as needed
92
A project manager for an IT project is working on “Develop team” process. Among the outputs of the process, which organizational process assets updates should he expect?
a. Skill assessments
b. Reduced staff turnover rate
c. Training requirements
d. Personnel assessment
Personnel assessment
93
Alex is analyzing the project performance data where he found out that the project estimation did not account for inflation accordingly, he expects the current CPI to remain consistent for the remainder of the project. If BAC is $500, EAC is 520. What is Cost Performance Index?
a. 1.04
b. 0.96
c. 1.4
d. Cannot say
0.96
calculate CPI through EAC=BAC/CPI accordingly Cost Performance Index
CPI = BAC/EAC= 500/520=0.96
94
A project manager is communicating with the project sponsor to assist him with scarce resource acquisition. This is an example of_____
a. Formal communication
b. Hierarchical upward communication
c. Hierarchical Horizontal communication
d. Official communication
Hierarchical upward communication
95
The project team just performed direct and Manage Project Work. Which of the following would not you expect as an output of the process?
a. Deliverables
b. Work performance data
c. Approved change requests
d. Change requests
Approved change requests
96
Adam is using a technique that compares the performance measurement baseline to the actual schedule and cost performance, and integrates the scope baseline with the cost baseline and schedule baseline to form the performance measurement baseline. Which technique is he using?
a. Earned value analysis
b. Trend analysis
c. Variance analysis
d. Reserve analysis
Earned value analysis
97
Mark is leading an advertising project. He decided to use storyboarding to navigate through a series of images and illustrations. The customer admired his idea. Mark assured the customer that storyboarding is a common technique of_____
a. Prototype
b. Facilitation
c. Mind Mapping
d. Context Diagram
Prototype
98
_____process ensures all requested changes and recommended corrective or preventive actions are processed through the Perform Integrated Change Control process.
a. Manage Scope
b. Control scope
c. Monitor quality
d. Validate Scope
Control scope
99
Which control procurements input describes how to analyze, document and manage contractor requirements?
a. Requirements documentation
b. Requirements traceability matrix
c. Requirements management plan
d. Procurement management plan
Requirements management plan
100
Juan is managing his project communications. He is trying to address the enterprise environmental factors that can influence this process. Which of the following should not he consider?
a. Standardized guidelines for development of information
b. Stakeholder risk thresholds
c. Established communication channels
d. Geographic distribution of facilities
Standardized guidelines for development of information
101
To tackle the communication issues within the project team, Dan arranged a focus group to discuss these issues. Which communication method is he using?
a. Interactive communication
b. Push communication
c. Pull communication
d. Public communication
Interactive communication
102
A project manager for an IT project is working on “Develop team” process. Among the outputs of the process, which organizational process assets updates should he expect?
a. Skill assessments
b. Reduced staff turnover rate
c. Employee development plan records
d. Personnel assessment
Personnel assessment
103
People outside the immediate project team may own some risk response actions, What Interpersonal skills can help the project manager encourage risk owners to take necessary action?
a. Facilitation
b. Influencing
c. Negotiation
d. Conflict management
Influencing
104
_____are facilitated sessions that help in determining the critical characteristics for new product development.
a. JAD
b. QFD
c. VOC
d. User stories
“QFD” Quality function deployment
105
```
Develop Project Charter is the process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. Which of the following is not a data-gathering tool Darren can use while he is developing his project charter?
A-)Brainstorming
B-)Focus Groups
C-)Interviews
D-)Assumption Log
```
Assumption Log
106
A project manager is working on “Manage communications” process. Which of the following organizational process assets would you consider?
a. Standardized guidelines for development of information
b. Organizational communication requirements
c. Established communication channels
d. Only A and B
Standardized guidelines for development of information
and
Organizational communication requirements
107
A project team member seemed unfocused and disoriented all the time. As Noah is the project manager, he arranged a one on one meeting to address the issue. It turned out that the team member is homesick and misses his homeland. Accordingly, Noah decided to arrange some informal activities to make him more comfortable with the team. Which Interpersonal and team skills did Noah use?
a. Influencing
b. Conflict management
c. Emotional intelligence
d. Motivation
Emotional intelligence
108
Alex is a project manager managing a small internal project. To reduce misunderstandings and other miscommunication, which Interpersonal and team skills should he use?
a. Active listening
b. Political awareness
c. Networking
d. Cultural awareness
Active listening
109
Mike is managing the project of a big restaurant construction. The restaurant should be able to host 600 guests in busy nights and special events. He observes that the kitchen fridge dimensions are much bigger than restaurant doors. Which logical relationship should Mike use to indicate suitable activities sequencing between fridge delivery (activity A) and restaurant doors fixing (activity B)?
a. Finish-to-Start
b. Finish-to-Finish
c. Start-to-Start
d. Start-to-Finish
Finish-to-Start
110
Which is not an input of Implement of risk responses process?
a. Risk management plan
b. Lessons learned register
c. Risk register update
d. Organizational process assets
Risk register update
111
Darren is developing his project schedule. He aims to evaluate the potential impact of the combined effects of individual project risks and other sources of uncertainty on achieving project objectives. Which techniques is he using?
a. What-if scenario analysis
b. Simulation
c. Critical path method
d. Kanban Systems
Simulation
112
The project reports show that there are multiple project communication issues caused by the physical distribution of the project team. Accordingly, the project manager is seeking for alternative communication technology options to reduce these issues. Which of the following is a factor that can affect his choice?
a. Communication model
b. Development approach
c. Team locations
d. Confidentiality of the information
Confidentiality of the information
113
Paul is working with finance team of his company to determine a contract type for his new project. After considering the conditions of the project, they decided to proceed with a contract type that involves paying the seller all actual costs incurred for the completed work, plus a fee representing seller profit. Which type of contract should will they use?
a. Fixed price incentive fee (FPIF)
b. Time and material (T&M)
c. Cost-reimbursable contracts
d. Firm fixed price (FFP)
Cost-reimbursable contracts
114
Mark is working on Monitor risk process. As he is reviewing how and when to review risks and which policies and procedures to follow, which input should he review?
a. Issue log
b. Risk management plan
c. Risk report
d. Risk register
Risk management plan
115
The project performance data were VAC $10k, BAC $100k earned value $55k. What is Schedule Performance Index?
a. 0.94
b. 0.95
c. 1.05
d. Cannot say
Cannot say
To calculate SPI Planned value is required which is not available in the given data
116
The main output of Identify Stakeholders process is the stakeholder register. This document contains information about identified stakeholders. Which of the following is not a part of this information?
a. Assessment Information
b. Identification Information
c. Assumptions Information
d. Stakeholder Classification
Assumptions Information
117
Sam is working on a new system deployment project. The project has two key parts, a new application development that has unclear requirements and expected to have multiple changes and a hardware setup part with clear end-to-end scope of work. Which project life cycle should Sam use?
a. Predictive life cycle
b. Iterative life cycle
c. Incremental life cycle
d. Hybrid life cycle
Hybrid life cycle
118
Dan is working on the closure of a server migration project. He is investigating information on the risk status to confirm that there are no open risks. Which document can assist him achieve this objective?
a. Risk register
b. Risk report
c. Change log
d. Issue log
Risk report
119
During project review, the project data shows PV as $100k, Earned value $95k. What is Schedule Performance Index?
a. $5k
b. 0.95
c. 1.05
d. Cannot say
0.95
(SPI) =EV/PV=95/100= 0.95
120
The project team identified a high-priority opportunity, which the project manager wants to ensure its realization. Which of the following risk strategies should he plan?
a. Escalate
b. Share
c. Exploit
d. Accept
Exploit
121
Sam is working on Manage Stakeholder Engagement process. As he is reviewing the process inputs, which of the following should he not consider?
a. Risk management plan
b. Ground rules
c. Change management plan
d. Lessons learned register
Ground rules
122
Requirements can be grouped into classifications allowing for further refinement and detail as the requirements are elaborated. These classifications may not include:
a. Solution Requirements
b. Business Requirements
c. Transition Requirements
d. Project Phase Requirements
Project Phase Requirements
123
During the implementation of a system upgrade project, the team just performed Manage Stakeholder Engagement process. Which of the following documents would they update?
a. Resource assignments
b. Change log
c. Project Schedule
d. Stakeholder engagement plan
Change log
124
_____is the authorized budget assigned to scheduled work.
a. Planned value (PV)
b. Earned value (EV)
c. Actual cost (AC)
d. Budget At completion (BAC)
Planned value (PV)
125
Which category of contracts set the price for product but with a special condition allowing for predefined final modification in case of inflation changes or cost increases?
a. (FFP)
b. (FPIF)
c. (FPEPA)
s. (CPFF)
“(FPEPA)” Fixed price with economic price adjustments
126
Alex is working on “Close project” process. Which of the following is an organizational process asset that can influence the process?
a. Phase closure guidelines or requirements
b. Policies, procedures, and templates for the WBS
c. Templates for scope statement
d. All of the above
Phase closure guidelines or requirements
127
Monitor Communications process often results in the need for adjustment, action and intervention on communications activities defined in the communications management plan. Which is a possible result of communication change requests?
a. Amending deliverable nonconformance
b. New procedures to eliminate bottlenecks
c. Bridge a skill gap
d. All of the above
New procedures to eliminate bottlenecks
128
Project cost control includes_____
a. Monitoring work performance against funds expended
b. Influencing the factors that create changes to the authorized schedule baseline
c. Preventing approved changes from being included in the reported cost
d. All of the above
Monitoring work performance against funds expended
129
You are classifying your project stakeholders according to Directions of influence data-representation technique. You are about to classify top management. Under which way would you place them?
a. Upward
b. Downward
c. Outward
d. Sideward
Upward
130
A project manager assigned for an internal project prior initiation where he will perform the initiation activities as well as the post-project benefit measurement activities. This is an example of_____
a. Evolving trends in integration processes
b. Considerations for tailoring integration processes
c. Considerations for agile environments
d. Both A and B
Evolving trends in integration processes
131
The project team is investigating the level of ease with which the risk owner can manage the occurrence or impact of a risk. Which risk characteristic are they measuring?
a. Manageability
b. Controllability
c. Detectability
d. Connectivity
Manageability
132
_____seeks to show the strength of relationships among factors, causes, and objectives.
a. Affinity diagrams
b. Fishbone diagrams
c. Histograms
d. Matrix diagrams
Matrix diagrams
133
During project review, the project performance data presented were AC= $50k, BAC is $300k, EV =$55k. What is estimate to complete?
a. $245k
b. $295k
c. $250k
d. Cannot say
$245k
ETC = EAC – AC
and
EAC = AC + BAC – EV;
ETC= BAC-EV= 300-55 = $245k
134
Cause-and-effect diagram breaks down the causes of the problem statement into discrete branches, helping to identify the main or root cause of the problem. All of the following are names used for cause-and-effect diagrams except ______ .
a. Affinity diagrams
b. Fishbone diagrams
c. Why-why diagrams
d. Ishikawa diagrams
Affinity diagrams
135
Managing a project requires a wide range of skill set. Which of the following is not one of interpersonal and team skills that can be used during Manage Team process?
a. Influencing
b. Decision making
c. Artificial Intelligence
d. Conflict management
Artificial Intelligence
136
During the review meeting with the vendor, the project manager was calculating performance indexes to determine the degree of variance from target. Which technique did the project manager use?
a. Performance Reviews
b. Earned Value Analysis (EVA)
c. Trend Analysis
d. Both A and B
Earned Value Analysis (EVA)
137
While implementing Risk Responses, The project manager is keen to ensure the effectiveness of the process. What is the common problem with Project Risk Management he might face?
a. The team did not identify all risks
b. The team did not analyze the risks well
c. Risk owners would not take action to manage the risk
d. All of the above
Risk owners would not take action to manage the risk
138
A contract is a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified products, services, or results; obligates the buyer to compensate the seller; and represents a legal relationship that is subject to remedy in the courts. The major components in an agreement document will vary. Which of the following is an example of an agreement component?
a. Performance Reporting
b. Stakeholder engagement assessment
c. Project Size
d. Prompt Lists
Performance Reporting
139
Sue intends to build a robust end-to-end process for the project Knowledge management to ensure her project team captures and records all generated knowledge. Knowledge management is considered a_____
a. Evolving trends in integration processes
b. Considerations for tailoring integration processes
c. Considerations for agile environments
d. Both A and B
Evolving trends in integration processes
and
Considerations for tailoring integration processes
140
The project team just completed Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process. Which of the following is not an output of the process?
a. Work performance information
b. Work performance data
c. Change requests
d. Risk register update
Work performance data
141
Trademarks, strategic alignment, and reputation are examples of_____
a. Project Initiation Context factors
b. Examples of intangible elements
c. Examples of tangible elements
d. Driver for change
Examples of intangible elements
142
Sam is measuring the project risks characteristic, which identify the degree to which the risk owner is able to direct and influence the risk’s outcome. Which risk characteristic are they measuring?
a. Manageability
b. Controllability
c. Detectability
d. Connectivity
Controllability
143
In which process identified quality requirements are turned into test and evaluation instruments?
a. Plan Quality
b. Manage Quality
c. Control Quality
d. Monitor Quality
Manage Quality
144
_____includes the examination of industry and specific seller capabilities.
a. Market research
b. Data analysis
c. Source selection analysis
d. Source selection criteria
Market research
145
The project manager asked Kim to develop a visual representation of the organization’s data, described in business language and independent of any specific technology. The objective is to use this representation to identify where data integrity or other quality issues can arise. Which of the following meet the above request?
a. Flowchart
b. Mind Map
c. Matrix Diagram
d. Logical Data Model
Logical Data Model
146
In _____ contracts, the price is set for the end product of the project and not subject to change unless the scope of work changes.
a. Time and material
b. Cost plus fixed fee
c. Firm fixed price
d. Fixed price incentive fee
Firm fixed price
147
_____show a series of steps that lead to a defect, which helps in manage quality process.
a. Flowcharts
b. Histograms
c. Matrix diagrams
d. Scatter diagrams
Flowcharts
148
Which of the following is an input for close project process?
a. Verified deliverables
b. Validated deliverables
c. Accepted deliverables
d. Tested deliverables
Accepted deliverables
149
Due to the project sponsor understanding of the project challenging-situation, he assigned some critical resources while developing the Project Charter. Which of the following is the right term for such resources?
a. Prescribed Budgeting
b. Incorporate Employees
c. Virtual Team Assignment
d. Resources Pre-assignment
Resources Pre-assignment
150
_____are facilitated sessions focus on bringing business subject matter experts and the development team together to gather requirements and improve the software development process.
a. JAD
b. QFD
c. VOC
d. User stories
JAD - Joint application design/development
151
Donald is a project manager for a financial-solution software upgrade project He is trying to determine which schedule methodology to use and how to combine various methods. This also includes determining how detailed the schedule needs to be, the duration of waves for rolling wave planning, and how often it should be reviewed and updated. The activity Donald is performing is called_____
a. Decision Making
b. Alternative Analysis
c. Rolling Wave Planning
d. Dependency Determination and Integration
Alternative Analysis
152
_____can contain earned value graphs and information, trend lines and forecasts, reserve burndown charts, defect histograms, contract performance information and risk summaries.
a. Quality report
b. Risk report
c. Work performance reports
d. Both A and C
Work performance reports
153
Which category of contracts involves setting a fixed total price for a defined product?
a. Time and material
b. Fixed-price
c. Cost plus fixed fee
d. Cost plus incentive fee
Fixed-price
154
Marissa is trying to improve the project team competencies, interaction and the overall team environment to enhance project performance. The key benefit of this process is that it results in improved teamwork and enhanced interpersonal skills and competencies. Which of the following is the name of this process?
a. Develop Team
b. Manage Team
c. Control Resources
d. Acquire Resources
Develop Team
155
A project manager intends to benefit from the project team experience, insights and expertise. Which of the following techniques would not prove effective?
a. Networking
b. Storytelling
c. Work shadowing
d. Knowledgebase portals
Knowledgebase portals
156
All projects are subject to changes during their life cycle. As Dan tries to Perform Integrated Change Control process, he finds several methods for making decisions as part of the process tools and techniques. Which of the following is not a decision-making technique?
a. Voting
b. Alternative Analysis
c. Autocratic Decision Making
d. Multi-criteria Decision Analysis
Alternative Analysis
157
_____success is measured by its ability to deliver the intended benefits to an organization and by its efficiency and effectiveness in delivering those benefits.
a. Projects
b. Programs
c. Portfolios
d. OPMs
Programs
158
At which team stage does the project manager release staff from the project?
a. Forming
b. Storming
c. Norming
d. Adjourning
Adjourning
159
You are the project manager of a customer delivery project and currently working on “Estimate Costs” process. Which of the following enterprise environmental factors would you consider?
a. Cost estimating policies
b. Published commercial information
c. Cost estimating templates
d. Lessons learned repository
Published commercial information
160
The absence of project management may result in_____
a. Resolve problems and issues
b. Optimize the use of organizational resources
c. Identify, recover, or terminate failing projects
d. Uncontrolled expansion of the project
Uncontrolled expansion of the project
161
```
Which of the following is not a characteristic of projects?
A-)Unique product
B-)Repetitive in nature
C-)Temporary
D-)Drive change
```
Repetitive in nature
162
Attitudinal Surveys, specific assessments, structured interviews, ability tests, and focus groups are all tools for____
a. Team building
b. Virtual teams
c. Individual and team assessment
d. Team performance assessment
Individual and team assessment
163
```
If a project CV= $15k, AC =$60k, BAC is $250k. What is the expected total cost of completing all work?
$295k
$265k
$235k
Cannot say
```
$235k
EAC = AC + BAC – EV, CV=EV-AC=$15k; EV=15+60=75
EAC=60+250-75= $235k
164
Company XYZ is developing a new product based on new introduced technology in the industry. This is an example of_____
a. Meet regulatory, legal, or social requirements
b. Implement or change business or technological strategies
c. Create, improve, or fix products, processes, or services
d. Both B and C
Implement or change business or technological strategies
and
Create, improve, or fix products, processes, or services
165
Sam is working on executing the planned project activities to complete project deliverables and accomplish established objectives. Which process is he performing?
a. Monitor and Control Project Work
b. Direct and Manage Project Work
c. Perform Integrated Change Control
d. Validate Scope
Direct and Manage Project Work
166
_____managing procurement relationships; monitoring contract performance and making changes and corrections as appropriate; and closing out contracts.
a. Plan Procurements
b. Conduct Procurements
c. Manage Procurements
d. Control Procurements
Control Procurements
167
Darren is reviewing quality control measurements to identify the lessons learned from the project. This is an example of_____
a. . Document analysis
b. Regression analysis
c. Trend analysis
d. Variance analysis
Document analysis
168
_____ process is primarily concerned with correctness of the deliverables and meeting the quality requirements specified for the deliverables.
a. Control quality
b. Manage quality
c. Validate scope
d. Control scope
Control quality
169
For Close project process, management control, audit, legislation, and regulations are examples of_____
a. Organizational process assets
b. Expert specialized knowledge
c. Enterprise environmental factors
d. None of the above
Expert specialized knowledge
170
Managing stakeholder expectations through negotiation and communication is an activity, which project team perform while performing _____
a. Identify Stakeholders
b. Plan Stakeholder Engagement
c. Manage Stakeholder Engagement
d. Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
171
Which conduct procurements input contains formats and processes for how the sellers will provide configuration management in a way that is consistent with the buyer’s approach?
a. Requirements management plan
b. Configuration management plan
c. Procurement management plan
d. Cost baseline
Configuration management plan
172
How frequent a project manager performs Control Resources process?
a. Once at the end of each phase
b. Throughout the project
c. Once at the end of project
d. None of the above
Throughout the project
173
Which validate scope process input describes how to validate the project requirements?
a. Requirements management plan
b. Scope management plan
c. Requirements documentation
d. Scope baseline
Requirements management plan
174
Dan asked his project team to vote on a decision during a meeting in the collect requirements process. The results were 14 votes for developing a new software application, 11 votes for using the existing software application and 9 votes for procuring an external software application. According to the given votes in which decision-making technique would they go for developing a new software application?
a. Autocracy
b. Unanimity
c. Majority
d. Plurality
Plurality
175
Ashely decided to utilize a graphical planning tool, which makes key project elements visible to the entire team provides a real-time overview of the project status. This is an example of_____
a. Evolving trends in integration processes
b. Considerations for tailoring integration processes
c. Considerations for agile environments
d. Both B and C
Evolving trends in integration processes
176
Adam is investigating when and how to report benefits. At the end of the project or at the end of each iteration or phase. This is an example of_____
a. Evolving trends in integration processes
b. Considerations for tailoring integration processes
c. Considerations for agile environments
d. Both A and B
Evolving trends in integration processes
and
Considerations for tailoring integration processes
177
Chris uses a set of technical guidelines applied during the design of a product for the optimization of a specific aspect of the design. These guidelines can control and improve the product’s final characteristics. Which technique is Chris using?
a. Histogram
b. Design for X
c. Forward Pass
d. Monte Carlo Simulation
Design for X
178
Marissa is managing a data-center relocation project. She is about to develop the project resources management plan. She knows that data representation charts are key tool and various formats exist to document and communicate team member roles and responsibilities. Regardless of the method she uses to document the team members’ roles, what is the objective she must meet?
a. Each work package has an identifier
b. Each work package is graphically represented
c. Each work package has an unambiguous owner
d. Each work package has a clear start and end dates
Each work package has an unambiguous owner
179
_____provides a written record used in reaching the legal agreement and may include older documents predating the current project.
a. Agreements
b. Requirements documentation
c. Procurement documentation
d. Procurement management plan
Procurement documentation
180
John is investigating the optimal cost of quality that reflects the appropriate balance for investing in the cost of prevention and appraisal to avoid failure costs for his project. Which of the following is not an example of appraisal costs?
a. Training
b. Testing
c. Destructive testing loss
d. Inspections
Training
181
Prior the initiation of system upgrade project, the project sponsor is developing a document to authorize further project management activities. Which document would he develop?
a. The project charters
b. Project business case
c. Project benefits management plan
d. None of the above
Project business case
182
A project manager is performing control schedule process. He intends to measure the schedule performance through a calculating the difference between the earned value and the planned value. Which measure is he using?
a. Schedule performance index (SPI)
b. Cost performance index (CPI)
c. Cost variance (CV)
d. Schedule variance (SV)
Schedule variance (SV)
183
_____help in managing the control quality activities in a structured manner.
a. Checklists
b. Check sheets
c. Statistical sampling
d. Both A and B
Checklists
184
Cooper is in the middle of an IT research project where the project first deliverable is complete. He is aware that Control Quality and Validate Scope processes should start soon. What is the correct sequence Cooper can adopt implementing these two processes?
a. Control Quality usually precedes Validate Scope
b. Control Quality usually follows Validate Scope
c. Control Quality and Validate Scope can’t be performed in parallel
d. None of the above
Control Quality usually precedes Validate Scope
185
Prior a new product development decision, Rajesh is assessing the feasibility of the product using financial measures. Which of the following measures should he consider?
a. Strategic alignment
b. Customer satisfaction
c. Net present value
d. All of the above
Net present value
186
Project management enables organizations to execute projects effectively and efficiently. Which of following does Effective project management help to avoid?
a. Be more predictable
b. Increase chances of success
c. Cost overruns
d. All of the above
Cost overruns
187
A project team is still in storming stage, which of the following characteristics would the team exhibit?
a. Members are interdependent and work through issues smoothly
b. Members are not open to differing ideas and perspectives
c. Members are not collaborative or open to differing ideas and perspectives
d. Members tend to be independent
Members are not open to differing ideas and perspectives
188
John is working his project knowledge management. Which of the following is a knowledge management common misconception he should avoid?
a. It involves just documenting it
b. It involves just obtaining lessons learned at the end of the project
c. Only explicit knowledge can be shared through documents
d. Both A and B
It involves just documenting it
and
It involves just obtaining lessons learned at the end of the project
189
Jane tries to estimate activity duration but she does not have a reasonable degree of confidence. She decides to decompose the activity into more details, estimate the detail durations then aggregate these estimates into a total quantity for each of the activity’s duration. This technique is called_____
a. Analogous Estimating
b. Parametric Estimating
c. Three Point Estimating
d. Bottom-Up Estimating
Bottom-Up Estimating
190
Sally arranged a meeting for the project team to share their experience and insights to use them as lessons learned for the next project phases. What type of knowledge could the team share in this meeting?
a. Explicit knowledge
b. Tacit knowledge
c. Direct knowledge
d. All of the above
Tacit knowledge
191
A project manager aims to maintain the scope baseline throughout the project. Which process should he perform?
a. Manage Scope
b. Control scope
c. Control quality
d. Validate Scope
Control scope
192
Which is not an output of Implement of risk responses process?
a. Change requests
b. Issue log
c. Project team assignments update
d. Risk register update
Issue log
193
_____have an organizational scope that changes with the strategic objectives of the organization.
a. Projects
b. Programs
c. Portfolios
d. All of the above
Portfolios
194
A project manager is performing close project process. He is evaluating how was the estimation of durations, cost, resources, and cost control compared to the actual results. Which document can assist him achieve this objective?
a. Assumption log
b. Basis of estimates
c. Milestone list
d. Estimates durations
Basis of estimates
195
Darren is reviewing the resources shortages and delays in raw material supplies while performing Control Resources. Which input document contain this information?
a. Physical resource assignments
b. Issue log
c. Resource breakdown structure
d. Resource requirements
Issue log
196
Darren is reviewing basis of estimates and comparing them to the actual results to improve the metrics for future projects. This is an example of_____
a. Document analysis
b. Regression analysis
c. Trend analysis
d. Variance analysis
Variance analysis
197
Monitor Risks is a key process for all project managers. Which of the following is not one of the process tools and techniques?
a. Data Analysis
b. Audits
c. Meetings
d. Questionnaires
Questionnaires
198
You are considering the assistance from an expert to help you with “Manage Stakeholder Engagement “process. What expertise would you look for?
a. Politics and power structures in the organization x
b. Corporate policies and procedures for social media
c. Corporate policies and procedures for issue
d. Organizational communication requirements
Politics and power structures in the organization x
199
Organizations initiate projects in response to factors. Which of the following is one of the four fundamental categories that affect organizations to initiate a project?
a. Meeting strategic objectives
b. Generate business value
c. Meet social requirements
d. Accelerate business growth
Meet social requirements
200
Matt is collecting requirements for his project. This is his first project in the pharmaceutical field. As he is not familiar with many acronyms and deliverables, he decides to gather data via conducting interviews and focus group discussions. Which of the following is not a key characteristic of focus groups?
a. Face to face
b. Prepared questions
c. Target Subject Matter Experts
d. One-on-one interview
One-on-one interview
