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PHARMACOLOGY > PMOC M1 > Flashcards

PMOC M1 Flashcards

INTRODUCTION M1

1
Q

According to Drugbank how many drugs available worldwide.

A

16579

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2
Q

who make those drugs

A

Scientist and Chemist

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3
Q

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
An interdisciplinary science

A
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Molecular biology
  • Physical Chemistry
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4
Q

 The primary objective of medicinal chemistry is the design and discovery of new compounds that are suitable for use as drugs.

A

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

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5
Q

 Branch of chemistry involved in identification, design, synthesis, and development of biologically active compounds.

A

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

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6
Q

Goal: Design a drug that will interact as powerfully and selectively as possible for the target

A

Pharmacodynamics

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7
Q

are low MW chemical substances that interact with macromolecular targets in the body to produce effect

A

DRUGS

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8
Q

SAR

A

Structure activity relationship

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9
Q

to define the relationship between the chemical compound and the pharmacological activity mechanism of action in site in the body

A

Structure Activity Relationship

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10
Q

 Foreign substances = stranger = called ———-

A

XENOBIOTICS

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11
Q

Goal: Design the drug so that it is capable of reaching that target

A

Pharmacokinetics

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12
Q

When the conventional dosage forms are administered orally or topically, the active drug in the dosage form is immediately released and absorbed into the systemic circulation.

A

Liberation

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13
Q

higher concentration to lower concentration for your drug to diffuse in to your system

A

Diffusion

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14
Q

unbound drug is passively filtered by the glomerulus.

A

Glomerular Filtration

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15
Q

majority of the drug is actively secreted

A

Tubular Secretion

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16
Q

NONIONIZED OR UNIONIZED = drug is passively reabsorbed back into the blood.

A

Tubular Reabsorption

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17
Q

Excretion into the urine is a major route of elimination for metabolites and unchanged drug.

A

DRUG EXCRETION

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18
Q
  • Drug reenters the intestinal tract from the liver through bile duct
  • Biliary recycling
A

ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION

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19
Q
  • Decreased metabolism
A

ENZYME INHIBITION

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20
Q
  • Increased metabolism
A

ENZYME INDUCTION

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21
Q

– antiarrhythmic [60% is metabolized when given orally]

A

LIDOCAINE

22
Q
  • A significant proportion of a drug is metabolized by hepatic enzyme during the initial trip through the liver
  • Drug removal by the liver after absorption
  • happen in metabolism
A

FIRST-PASS EFFECT

23
Q
  • All substances in the circulatory system, including drugs, metabolites, and nutrients, will pass through the liver.
  • Most molecules absorbed from the GIT enter portal vein and are initially transported to the liver.
A

DRUG METABOLISM [BIOTRANSFORMATION]

24
Q
  • Delivery of drug to the tissue is controlled by the specific blood flow to a given tissue
A

Perfusion

25
Q
  • Drug movement from the systemic circulation going to different organs and tissues
  • Blood Flow
A

DRUG DISTRIBUTION

26
Q
  • Protects the brain from exposure to chemical and metabolites, due to the presence of tightly joined epithelial cells lining the cerebral capillaries
A

 Blood Brain Barrier

27
Q
  • Direct to Systemic Circulation
  • Rapidly distributed
  • IV, IM, SC, Intraspinal, Intracerebral
A

 Parenteral Administration

28
Q
  • The most common and poplar route
A

 ORAL ADMINISTRATION

29
Q

Higher acidity [ph1.5-2 fed state;pH2-6 fasting state]

A

Full stomach

30
Q

main site of absorption

A
  • SMALL INTESTINE
31
Q

Acidic Drug are more absorbed [ A + A ]

A

UNIONIZED

32
Q
  • Basic drug + Basic Medium
A

UNIONIZED

33
Q

Acidic Drugs are more excreted [ A + B ]

A

IONIZED

34
Q
  • Acidic drug + Basic Medium
A

IONIZED

35
Q

Bile describe

A

help the digestion and absorption of the fats

36
Q

because of the active enzyme that release ng acid
secrete gastric acid

A

Higher Acidity in the full stomach 1.5-2pH level

37
Q

organs that has high blood flow and perfusion rate

A

lung, kidney, and liver

38
Q

Inactive form of drug to change in active form with the help of enzyme

A

Prodrug

39
Q

what enzyme is prone in toxicity

A

Enzyme inhibitors

40
Q

drug reenter

A

enterohepatic Circulation

41
Q

3 effects in pharmacodynamics

A
  1. Therapeutic effect
  2. Subtherapeutic effect
  3. Toxic effect
42
Q

doses/ concentration / target site correct

A

Therapeutic effect

43
Q

decrease effectiveness

A

Subtherapeutic effect

44
Q

doses/ concentration / target site not correct

A

Toxic effect

45
Q

Distribution no need for absorption

A

Parenteral
Sublingual

46
Q

is the most common mechanism controlling drug release.

A

diffusion

47
Q

it is the biomolecules [protein/ nucleic acid]

A

Targets

48
Q

carries active drug/ non-ionized drug

A

Blood Flow

49
Q

it transforms active drug[unionized] into inactive[ionized] form to be eliminated ‘mostly’ but if not inactive form [ionized] turn into active will undergo Bioactivation

A

DRUG METABOLISM
 also know as [BIOTRANSFORMATION]

50
Q

 Elimination has 2 process

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Excretion

PHARMACOLOGY (16 decks)

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