PMOC M1

Question 1

According to Drugbank how many drugs available worldwide.

Answer 1

16579

Question 2

who make those drugs

Answer 2

Scientist and Chemist

Question 3

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
An interdisciplinary science

Answer 3

• Organic Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Computational Chemistry
• Pharmacology
• Pharmacognosy
• Molecular biology
• Physical Chemistry

Question 4

 The primary objective of medicinal chemistry is the design and discovery of new compounds that are suitable for use as drugs.

Answer 4

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Question 5

 Branch of chemistry involved in identification, design, synthesis, and development of biologically active compounds.

Answer 5

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Question 6

Goal: Design a drug that will interact as powerfully and selectively as possible for the target

Answer 6

Pharmacodynamics

Question 7

are low MW chemical substances that interact with macromolecular targets in the body to produce effect

Answer 7

DRUGS

Question 8

SAR

Answer 8

Structure activity relationship

Question 9

to define the relationship between the chemical compound and the pharmacological activity mechanism of action in site in the body

Answer 9

Structure Activity Relationship

Question 10

 Foreign substances = stranger = called ———-

Answer 10

XENOBIOTICS

Question 11

Goal: Design the drug so that it is capable of reaching that target

Answer 11

Pharmacokinetics

Question 12

When the conventional dosage forms are administered orally or topically, the active drug in the dosage form is immediately released and absorbed into the systemic circulation.

Answer 12

Liberation

Question 13

higher concentration to lower concentration for your drug to diffuse in to your system

Answer 13

Diffusion

Question 14

unbound drug is passively filtered by the glomerulus.

Answer 14

Glomerular Filtration

Question 15

majority of the drug is actively secreted

Answer 15

Tubular Secretion

Question 16

NONIONIZED OR UNIONIZED = drug is passively reabsorbed back into the blood.

Answer 16

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 17

Excretion into the urine is a major route of elimination for metabolites and unchanged drug.

Answer 17

DRUG EXCRETION

Question 18

• Drug reenters the intestinal tract from the liver through bile duct
• Biliary recycling

Answer 18

ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION

Question 19

• Decreased metabolism

Answer 19

ENZYME INHIBITION

Question 20

• Increased metabolism

Answer 20

ENZYME INDUCTION

Question 21

– antiarrhythmic [60% is metabolized when given orally]

Answer 21

LIDOCAINE

Question 22

• A significant proportion of a drug is metabolized by hepatic enzyme during the initial trip through the liver
• Drug removal by the liver after absorption
• happen in metabolism

Answer 22

FIRST-PASS EFFECT

Question 23

• All substances in the circulatory system, including drugs, metabolites, and nutrients, will pass through the liver.
• Most molecules absorbed from the GIT enter portal vein and are initially transported to the liver.

Answer 23

DRUG METABOLISM [BIOTRANSFORMATION]

Question 24

• Delivery of drug to the tissue is controlled by the specific blood flow to a given tissue

Answer 24

Perfusion

Question 25

* Drug movement from the systemic circulation going to different organs and tissues * Blood Flow

Answer 25

DRUG DISTRIBUTION

Question 26

- Protects the brain from exposure to chemical and metabolites, due to the presence of tightly joined epithelial cells lining the cerebral capillaries

Answer 26

 Blood Brain Barrier

Question 27

- Direct to Systemic Circulation - Rapidly distributed - IV, IM, SC, Intraspinal, Intracerebral

Answer 27

 Parenteral Administration

Question 28

- The most common and poplar route

Answer 28

 ORAL ADMINISTRATION

Question 29

Higher acidity [ph1.5-2 fed state;pH2-6 fasting state]

Answer 29

Full stomach

Question 30

main site of absorption

Answer 30

- SMALL INTESTINE

Question 31

Acidic Drug are more absorbed [ A + A ]

Answer 31

UNIONIZED

Question 32

- Basic drug + Basic Medium

Answer 32

UNIONIZED

Question 33

Acidic Drugs are more excreted [ A + B ]

Answer 33

IONIZED

Question 34

- Acidic drug + Basic Medium

Answer 34

IONIZED

Question 35

Bile describe

Answer 35

help the digestion and absorption of the fats

Question 36

because of the active enzyme that release ng acid secrete gastric acid

Answer 36

Higher Acidity in the full stomach 1.5-2pH level

Question 37

organs that has high blood flow and perfusion rate

Answer 37

lung, kidney, and liver

Question 38

Inactive form of drug to change in active form with the help of enzyme

Answer 38

Prodrug

Question 39

what enzyme is prone in toxicity

Answer 39

Enzyme inhibitors

Question 40

drug reenter

Answer 40

enterohepatic Circulation

Question 41

3 effects in pharmacodynamics

Answer 41

1. Therapeutic effect 2. Subtherapeutic effect 3. Toxic effect

Question 42

doses/ concentration / target site correct

Answer 42

Therapeutic effect

Question 43

decrease effectiveness

Answer 43

Subtherapeutic effect

Question 44

doses/ concentration / target site not correct

Answer 44

Toxic effect

Question 45

Distribution no need for absorption

Answer 45

Parenteral Sublingual

Question 46

is the most common mechanism controlling drug release.

Answer 46

diffusion

Question 47

it is the biomolecules [protein/ nucleic acid]

Answer 47

Targets

Question 48

carries active drug/ non-ionized drug

Answer 48

Blood Flow

Question 49

it transforms active drug[unionized] into inactive[ionized] form to be eliminated ‘mostly’ but if not inactive form [ionized] turn into active will undergo Bioactivation

Answer 49

DRUG METABOLISM  also know as [BIOTRANSFORMATION]

Question 50

 Elimination has 2 process

Answer 50

1. Metabolism 2. Excretion