PCOL M1.3 part 1 Flashcards
What is the relationship of Pk, Pd, Physico-chemical properties
reversible
describes the actions of a drug on the body and the influence of drug concentrations on the magnitude of the response.
Pharmacodynamics
The drug–receptor complex initiates alterations in biochemical and/or molecular activity of a cell by a process called ——
signal transduction
3 aspects on how a drug works
Physico-chemical properties
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
The intensity and quality of effect
Pharmacodynamic properties
it is depended to the physical and chemical of the drug
Ex. The drugs become bioavailable when the drugs cross the membrane.
Pharmacokinetics properties
The Chracteristic Pharmacokinetics properties is when a drug that capable of crossing the membrane more rapidly and efficiently is when it is
lipophilic, unionized, lower size of molecular weight
in the systemic circulation [pagnandoon na sya sa katawan] then it is able to bridge the site of action called DISTRIBUTION
- Bioavailable
—–it is the metabolism and excretion [determine by ——-
- Clearance and physiochemical properties
– is the connection between the brainstem and the spinal cord
medulla oblongata
include cardiovascular receptors, respiratory, and vasomotor centers
o depression
What do you called Blood Brain barrier that separation of CNS
parenteral system [outside the central nervous system]
- drugs may increase or enhance the function of an organ or a system. And give Example of drug that can cause stimulation of CNS
- STIMULATION - Caffeine
- drugs inhibit or decrease the function of an organ or the system
- DEPRESSION - drugs inhibit or decrease the function of an organ or the system
example of CNS depressant, it decreases the activity of the CNS leading to drowsiness, decrease concentration, affect balance and equilibrium and even decrease memory and learning functions.
Alcohol
– memory/learning
o Cerebral cortex
this is an action attributed to local affects of the drug to a tissue or cell and example and explain
- IRRITATION
laxatives promote peristaltic movement by irritating the wall of the GIT causing increase motility and evacuation
is a laxative is used treat constipation
SENNA
intended; it is usually the desired effect that leads to its therapeutic use
- PRIMARY
is unintended; commonly leading to undesired effects (side effects, adverse drug reactions)
- SECONDARY
- Alter the cell environment by physical or chemical processes
- Example and explain
Structural nonspecific
the patient has hyperacidity - the action of antacid is a bases that will lead (alters the pH of the stomach); to ‘neutralized’ [pagacidic yung patient need nya ng antacid para magneutralized]
* ‘hyperacidity – mataas ang acid than normal’
* there is hyperacidity = higher stimulation = nagkakaroon ng depress
* action of antidotes, e.g., activated charcoal (adsorbs the toxins by the process of absoption)
- Alter cell function by drug-receptor interactions
- Majority of drugs’ action is through this mechanism
- treat for ulcer is what
Structural specific
Omeprazole – proton bound inhibitor [push the acid] – disable the proton bound in the cell
2 target for drug action
protein and non protein target
Majority of drugs interact with protein targets such as —- or 4 Regulatory Protein as Primary Target for Drug Action
receptors, ion-channel, enzymes and carrier molecules/Transporters
