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Pmoc > PMOC Lab Prelim Exam > Flashcards

PMOC Lab Prelim Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Formula of Alcohols

A

R-OH

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2
Q

Formula of Aldehydes

A

R-CHO

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3
Q

Formula of Ketones

A

R-CO-R

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4
Q

Formula of Carboxylic Acids

A

R-COOH

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5
Q

Formula of Ester

A

R-COOR

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6
Q

Formula of Ether

A

R-O-R

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7
Q

Classification of alcohol

A

According to number if hydroxyl group attached to their molecule
-Monohydric
-Dihydric
-Trihydric
According to number of carbon atoms bound to which the hydroxyl group is bound
-primary,secondary,tertiary

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8
Q

Are converted into ketones (RC=OR) on treatment with oxidizing agents

A

Secondary alcohols

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9
Q

Doesn’t normally reacy with oxidizing agents because they dont have a hydrogen on the carbon atom to which the -OH group is bonded.

A

Tertiary alcohols

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10
Q

A molecule which has a hydroxyl group OH group directly bonded to an alkene C=C

A

Alkenols
Alkene alcohol
Enols

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11
Q

Reagent used for test for enol structure

A

FeCl3- traditional colrimetric test for phenols

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12
Q

Enols interconvert with carbonyl compounds that have an a-hydrogen, like ketones and aldehydes. The compound is deprtonated on one side and protonated on another side, whereas a singlebond and a doublebond are exchanged.

A

Keto-enol tautomerism

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13
Q

Maldehyde

A

Cinnamon

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14
Q

Vannilin

A

Vanilla

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15
Q

Benzaldehyde

A

Almond

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16
Q

2 simplest families of carbonyl compounds

A

Aldehydes and ketones

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17
Q

Aldehydes are natural flavors and aromas from?

A

Cinnamon vanilla and almonds

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18
Q

Ketones are from

A

Jasmine flower
Male musk deer

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19
Q

Jasmone

A

Jasmine flower

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20
Q

Muscone

A

Male musk deer

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21
Q

Ketones are vital to the complex formulas of

A

Expensive perfumes

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22
Q

Properties of aldehyde and ketones

A

Moderately polar compound
Have higher bp than alkanes with similar mw
No hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen or nitrogen

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23
Q

Alkane
Alcohol
Aldehydes and ketones
Boiling point

A

Alkane-lowest
Aldehydes and ketones between alkane and alcohol
Alcohol-highest

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24
Q

State of simple RCHO and RCOR

A

Liquid

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25
Q

Solubility of RCHO and RCOR

A

Soluble in common organic solvents
<5 c soluble in water
Increased # of carbons become more alkane like and less water soluble

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26
Q

Dissolve both polar and non-polar solvents

A

Ketone

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27
Q

Flammability of aldehydes and ketones

A

Lower boiling aldehydes
Ketones flammable

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28
Q

Toxicity of aldehydes and ketones

A

Simple ketone-low toxicity
Simple aldehydes-toxic
Esp formaldehyde

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29
Q

Biochem of aldehydes and ketones

A

Simplest sugar contain either aldehyde or ketone

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30
Q

Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones

A

Alcohols oxidized to aldehydes or ketones and aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids

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31
Q

Oxidation of aldehydes

A

H bonded to the carbonyl carbon replaced by an -OH grp

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32
Q

Oxidation of Ketones

A

Dont have this hydrogen do not react (except for strong enough)

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33
Q

To prevent oxidation of aldehydes they are stored in

A

Nitrogen gas

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34
Q

Test that distinguish Aldehyde and ketones

A

Tollens test or silver mirror test

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35
Q

Tollens reagent component

A

Diamminesilver I ion
[Ag(NH3)2]+

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36
Q

Result of tollens test

A

Colorless ketone
Silver mirror aldehyde

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37
Q

Test for detection of aldehyde alpha hydroxy ketone,ketoses

A

Benedicts test

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38
Q

Benedicts reagent

A

Copper II ions complexed with citrate ions in sodium carbonate solution

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39
Q

Benedicts test

A

Reagent sol’n contains blue copper II reduced to give ppt of a red copper I oxidein reaction with an aldehyde sugar

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40
Q

Benedicts test positive result

A

Clear blue to brick red ppt
Ketone no change colorless

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41
Q

Derivatives of carboxylic acid

A

Esters and amides

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42
Q

Product of Acetic acid and ethanol

A

Ethyl acetate with water
Nail polish remover plastic ballon like odor

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43
Q

Product of methanol and salicylic acid

A

Methyl salicylate

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44
Q

Common name of methyl salicylate

A

Oil of winter green or efficascent oil

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45
Q

Most oxidized functional group of carbon

A

Carboxylic acid

46
Q

Alpha- hydroxy acids pr (AHAs)

A

Glycolic acids,lactic acids,citric acid,and mandelic acid.

47
Q

Strong oxidizing agent

A

Potassium permangenate (KMnO4)

48
Q

-OH of carboxyl group is converted to the -OR (-COOR)
And the ability of molecules to form hydrogen bond with each other is lost

49
Q

Simple esters have _____ boiling point than the acids from which they are derived.

A

Lower boiling point

50
Q

Boiling point In celsius of
Acetic acid
Methyl ester
Ethyl estert

A

Acetic acid-118
Methyl ester-57
Ethyl ester-77

51
Q

Undergo hydrolysis to give back carboxylic acids plus alcohols

A

Esters and amides

52
Q

To know a compound has an ester it must be test with hydrolysis

A

If it didnt hydrolize no ester formation

53
Q

Acid catalyzed hydrolysis is the reverse of

A

Esterification

54
Q

Ester hydrolysis by reaction with a base such as NaOH and KOH is known as

A

Saponification

55
Q

Product of saponification

A

Carboxylate anion

56
Q

ASA

A

Acetyl Salicylic Acid

57
Q

Test for enols

A

Ferric chloride FeCl2

58
Q

Positive result of ASA and water to salicylic acid

A

Purple color

59
Q

Reaction of an ester with aqueous or alcoholic ammonia to form an amide

A

Ammonolysis

60
Q

Structure of Ethanol

61
Q

Other names of ethanol

A

Absolute alcohol
Alcohol
Drinking alcohol

62
Q

Volatile flammable and colorless liquid

63
Q

Boiling point of ethanol

A

Close to water 78c 351k 172F

64
Q

Completely miscible with water and organic solvents and is very hydroscopic

65
Q

The alcohol present in all table wines beers and distilled liquors

66
Q

Ethanol percentage in wines beers and distilled liquors

A

Wines 10-13
Beer 3-5
Liquors 35-90

67
Q

Alcohol for non-beverages are denatured by addition of unpleasant tasting substance such as

A

Methanol,camphor or kerosene

68
Q

Blend of ethanol and gasoline that produces fewer air pollutants than gasoline

69
Q

Widely used solvent for paint,varnish and drugs

70
Q

Ethanol is used in the manufacture of

A

Ethanal (acetaldehyde)and ethanoic acid(acetic acid)

71
Q

Used as the fluid in thermometers

72
Q

Medical purposes of ethanol

A

CNS depressant

73
Q

The hormone alcohol inhibts that regulates urine flow that increases urine production and released by the pituitary gland

A

ADH- anti diuretic hormone

74
Q

Effect of ethanol in the stomach

A

Stimulates production of acid
Vomit is foul odor

75
Q

Mechanism of ethanol

A

Blood vessels to dilate
Flushing of the skin
Sensation of warmth
An increase loss of heat at the surface

76
Q

Enzymes that metabolizes ethanol

A

CYP 4502A1
Alcohol Dehydrogenase

77
Q

Metabolism of ethanol is mainly in the

A

Liver through oxidation

78
Q

How does the breathalyzer work

A

Measures alcohol in expired air by color change that occurs when bright yellow-orange oxidizing agent potassium dichromate reduced to blue green Chromium (III)

79
Q

Drug interaction of Ethanol

A

Intensify sedation
Reacts with barbiturates,benzodiazepines,opioids,phenothiazines,and anti-depressants

80
Q

Unwanted effects of Ethanol

A

Major contributing factor in triglycerides elevation
Ethanol is not a carcinogen but first product is toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic

81
Q

Addition reaction between

A

Ethene and steam

82
Q

Alcoholic fermentation

A

Yeast added and heated. Enzyme invertase catalyst to convert suc to glucose and fructose

83
Q

Enzyme that converts glucose and fructose into ethanol

84
Q

What is the fermentation process of Ethanol

A

3 days and carried out at temp between 250c and 300c
Obtained by fractional distillation

85
Q

Chemical tests for ethanol

A

Combustion
Iodoform
Ester formation

86
Q

Positive result of ethanol

A

Pale blue flame non luminous flame form CO2 and steam

87
Q

Iodoform test

A

Distinguish meth to eth
Prescence of alkyl grp in eth allows the formation of methanoate and iodoform

Cloudy to clear solution

88
Q

Ester formation

A

Ethanol reacts with organic acids to form esters

Plastic ballon like odor

89
Q

Benzoic Acid

90
Q

Synonyms of Benzoic acid

A

Dracylic acid
Flower of benjamin
Salvo liquid
Salvo powder
Benzoate
Carboxybenzene

91
Q

Simplest carboxylic acid bonded directly to benzene ring

A white crystalline organic compound

Slightly soluble in H2O soluble in ethanol very slightly soluble in benzene and acetone

A

Benzoic acid

92
Q

Benzoic acid long term only source where the name is derived

A

Gum benzoin

93
Q

Uses of benzoic acid in industry

A

Solvents
Dying carrier
Disinfectant
Additive
Penetrating agent
Pesticides

94
Q

Benzoic acid as food preservative inhibits growth of mold yeast and bacteria with strength of

95
Q

Efficacy is dependent on the pH of the food

96
Q

Preserves acidic food and beverage like

A

Citric acid from fruit juice
Carbon dioxide sparkling drinks
Phosphoric acid from softdrinks
Acetic acid from pickles

97
Q

Whitfields ointment 6% used for

A

Tinea ringworm and athletes foot

98
Q

Friars balsam or

A

Compound benzoin tincture USP
Compound tincture of benzoin CTB

99
Q

Use of Friars balsam

A

Styptic and antiseptic

100
Q

Meaning of styptic

A

Stops bleeding

101
Q

Friars balsam contains

A

Cape aloes and storax (liquidambar resin)

102
Q

Routes of entry toxicological info

A

Eye contact, inhalation and ingestion

103
Q

Benzoic acid chronic effects on humans

A

Damage to lungs nervous system and mucous membranes

104
Q

Other toxic effects on humans benzoic acid

A

Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant) of ingestion and of inhalation

105
Q

Synthesis acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis

A

hydrolysis

106
Q

Ethyl benzoate

A

Benzoic acid

107
Q

KMnO4 in synthesis of benzoic acid

A

Facilitates oxidation

Toluene to benzoic acid

108
Q

Ester formation benzoic acid

A

Plastic ballon odor

109
Q

Solubility of benzoic acid

A

Slightly soluble

110
Q

Solubility of benzoic acid

A

With 10% NaOH forms benzoate salt which is soluble in salt

Pmoc (5 decks)

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