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Pmoc > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic studies of chemistry and physics shifted from the greco roman to arabian alchemist. Paracelsus glorified

A

Middle ages

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2
Q

Morphine extracted from poppy by serturner

A

1805

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3
Q

Organon der rationellen helikunde published by samuel hahneman on his unproven principle similia similibus curantur cures homeopathy

A

1810

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4
Q

Isolation of emetine from ipecacuanha by pierre pelletier

A

1816

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5
Q

Purification of caffeine quinine and colchicine

A

1820

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6
Q

Mass production of pharmaceutical natural product pelletier factory processed 150,000kg of cinchona bark annually to produce 3600kg quinine sulfate

A

1826

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7
Q

Adolph kolbe synthesis of acetic acid

A

1845

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8
Q

First alkaloid synthesis coniine

A

1886

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9
Q

Ehrlich described sidechain theory germicidal capability of a molecule depend on its structure

A

1897

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10
Q

The first mass produced synthetic drug aspirin Bayer

A

1898

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11
Q

Single most important break through in psychiatric treatment

A

Chlorpromazine

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12
Q

Discovery of antidepressant effect

A

on iproniazid

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13
Q

First dibenzazepine

A

Imipramine

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14
Q

First commercially successful SSRI 1 billion

A

Fluoxetine

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15
Q

First pure hormone to be isolated

A

Epinephrine

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16
Q

Henry Dale discovered oxytocin

A

1904

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17
Q

Frederick banting and charles best discovered insulin

A

1921

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18
Q

Edward kendall isolated thyroxine from the thyroid gland

A

1914

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19
Q

First genetically engineered drug approved by US FDA

A

Humulin by eli lily

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20
Q

For type 1 diabetes inhaled insulin

A

Symlin 2005

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21
Q

Russel marker was able to convert diosgenin to progesterone

A

1930

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22
Q

Carl djerassi synthesized norethindrone norminest first orally contraceptive

23
Q

1956 john rock

A

Progesterone plus norethindrone

24
Q

Mifepristone abortion pill

25
Q

Mifepristone plus misoprostol

26
Q

Morning after pill

A

Aka plan B
Emergency contraceptive
Levonorgestrel

27
Q

Dentist who administered nitrous oxide during tooth extraction

A

Horace wella

28
Q

Used ether as an anesthetic agent

A

Crawford long

29
Q

Gave the first successful public demonstration of surgical anesthesia 1846

A

William morton

30
Q

Used as an anesthetic agent at St bartholomews hospital

A

Chloroform

31
Q

Induce sleep

32
Q

1864 adolph von beyer synthesized

A

5,5- diethylbarbituric acid Barbital

33
Q

Bayer pharmacy company introduced

A

Phenobarbital Luminal

34
Q

Modification of the barbituric acid molecule led to the development of

A

Hydantoins

35
Q

diphenylhydantoin

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin®)

36
Q

1860 – Albert Niemann isolated

A

cocaine
(Erythroxylon coca)

37
Q

Found that cocaine numbed the tongue
§ First to use cocaine for topical anesthesia in
ophthalmological surgery

A

Carl Koller (“Coca Koller”)

38
Q

determined the structure of
cocaine and atropine

A

Richard Willstater

39
Q

Structural analog of cocaine

A

Benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine and lidocaine

40
Q

discovered
Digitalis purpurea was beneficial to those
suffering from abnormal fluid buildup

A

1775 – William Withering

41
Q

isolated digitoxin

A

1841 – E. Humolle and T. Quevenne

42
Q

isolated digoxin

A

1929 – Sydney Smith

43
Q

Discovered the first anticholesterol drug
– Compactin (Mevastin) – Penicillium citrinum

A

1973 Akira Endo

44
Q

discovered a substance nearly
identical to Endo’s and named Lovastatin
(Mevacor®)

A

1987 – Merck

45
Q

First FDA - approved statin

A

Atorvastatin (Lipitor®)

46
Q

Sulfur mustard (WW1) and nitrogen mustard
(WW1) -

A

leukemia therapy

47
Q

George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion developed

A

6-mercaptopurine
– The first effective leukemia drug

48
Q

Inorganic; the gold standard against which new
medicines are compared
– Carboplatin – 2nd gen

A

1893 - Cisplatin

49
Q

discovered Paclitaxel (Taxol)

A

1963 – Moeroe E. Wall and Masukh C. Wani

50
Q

A scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacy
involves designing, synthesizing, and developing pharmaceutical
drugs.

A

Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

51
Q

involves the identification, synthesis, and
development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic
use.

A

Medicinal chemistry

52
Q

focused on quality aspects of
medicines and aims to assure fitness for medicinal products.

A

Pharmaceutical chemistry

53
Q

(QSAR)

A

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships

54
Q

Is a strategy of essential importance for chemistry and pharmacy, based on the idea that
when we change the structure of a molecule then the activity or property of the substance
will be modified.

A

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR)

Pmoc (5 decks)

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