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Pmoc > Anti-infectives Part 1 > Flashcards

Anti-infectives Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Antiseptic surgery
Used carbolic acid also known as phenol to wash his hands and to spray on incision sites

A

Joseph Lister

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2
Q

19th Century
Antibacterial dyes and antiparasitic organic arsenicals
Selective toxicity
Discovered compound 606

A

Paul Ehrlich

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3
Q

The antisyphilitic drug
Salvarsan

A

Compound 606

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4
Q

Used for sleeping sickness
Sodium arsanilate, arsphenamine

A

Atoxyl

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5
Q

Causative agent for sleeping sickness and what insect

A

Tripanosomabrocae
Tse-tse fly

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6
Q

Anti-infective used locally

A

Germicides

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7
Q

Used in living tissue preventing infection

A

Antisepsis

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8
Q

Destruction or marked reduction in the number of activity of microorganisms

A

Decontamination

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9
Q

Destroys most vegetative microbes or viruses but not spores. Inanimate surfactes

A

Disinfections

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10
Q

Reduction of microbial load, inanimate objects,
Acceptable for public health purposes

A

Sanitation

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11
Q

Kill or remove all types of microorganisms
Low probability of survival

A

Sterilization

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12
Q

Kills non-sporulating microorganisms by hot water or steam at 65 to 100 degrees celsius

A

Pasteurization

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13
Q

Living tissues
Bactericidal/bacteriostatic

A

Antiseptics

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14
Q

Applied to inanimate objects

A

Disinfectant

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15
Q

8 carbon alcohol

A

Octanol

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16
Q

Moa of alcohol

A

Protein precipitation

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17
Q

Higher vander waals forces

A

Higher penetration to membrane

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18
Q

More potent alcohol

A

N-propyl alcohol

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19
Q

Cheaper
More commericially used alcohol

A

Iso-propyl alcohol

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20
Q

Methanol
Carbinol
Wood alcohol

A

Methyl alcohol

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21
Q

Toxic metabolites of methanol

A

Formaldehyde
Formic acid

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22
Q

Effect of formic acid

A

Metabolic acidosis
And tissue injury

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23
Q

Ethanol, rectified spirit, wine spirit,spiritus vini rectificatus

A

Ethyl alcohol

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24
Q

Method of prepartion of ethyl alcohol

A

Fermentation- sugar and yeast
Synthetically- H2SO4 catalyzed hydration of ethylene

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25
Q

Commercial ethanol conc

A

95%

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26
Q

Acetaldehyde produces hangover like the Drug____ that treats alcholism

A

Disulfiram

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27
Q

Alcohol has additive unfit for use in intoxication bev

A

Denatured alcohol

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28
Q

With wood alcohol and benzene
Methanol+ benzene

A

Completely denatured alcohol

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29
Q

Ethylene and water

A

Ethyl

30
Q

Astringent
Rubefacient
Mild local anesthetic

A

Rubbing alcohol

31
Q

Isopropyl rubbing alcohol contains

A

68-72%

32
Q

Prepared commercially by the H2SO4 hydration of propylene

A

Isopropyl alcohol

33
Q

Uses of isopropyl alcohol

A

Disinfectant for the skin and surgical instruments
Bactericidal 50-95%
40% concentration is considered equal in antiseptic efficacy

34
Q

Uses of Azeotropic isopropyl alcohol USP

A

In gauze pads
Sterilization of the skin before hypodermic injection

35
Q

Absolute ethanol
99% w/w of ethyl alcohol

A

Dehydrated ethanol

36
Q

Method of prep of Dehydrated ethanol

A

Azeotropic distillation of ethanol and benzene

37
Q

Meaning of azeotropic

A

2 substances combined gets new boiling point

38
Q

Not ideal for digestion may contain benzene
Solvent/reagent
Treatment of ganglia/neuralgia
Treatment of intractable chronic pain
Therapeutic neurolysis of nerves

A

Dehydrated Ethanol

39
Q

Mixture of alcohol and water containing 41-42% by wt

A

Diluted alcohol

40
Q

1,2,3-propanetriol
First polyhydric alcohol that can yield both an aldose and a ketose
Use- solvent and humectant

A

Glycerin/ Glycerol

41
Q

Polyhydric alcohol meaning

A

More than 2 hydroxyl groups

42
Q

Gas sterilant
For temp sensitive medical equipment
An explosive mixture in the air
3 to 80%

A

Ethylene oxide

43
Q

10% ethylene oxide + 90% carbon dioxide

A

Ethylene oxide

44
Q

Ethylene oxide released without danger

A

Carboxide

45
Q

Moa of carboxide

A

Alkylation of functional groups in nucleic acids and proteins by nucleophilic opening of the oxide ring

46
Q

Alkylation

A

Sharing of electrons
Between electrophiles and nucleophiles

47
Q

Formol formalin methanal

A

Formaldehyde

48
Q

Irritating to mucous membranes and causes hardening of the skin used to disinfect rooms clothing and surgical equipment

A

Formaldehyde

49
Q

Contains not less than ___ of formaldehyde with methanol to prevent polymerization

A

37%

50
Q

MOA of formaldehyde

A

Direct non specific alkylation of nucleophilic functional groups in proteins and nucleic acids to form carbinol derivatives

51
Q

Glutarol (cidex) pentanedial
Disinfectant superior to formaldehyde
For sterilization of equipment that cant be autoclaved

A

Glutaraldehyde

52
Q

Stabilized in alkaline solution
Consists of 2 components glutaraldehyde and a buffer
Activated soln contains 2% glutaraldehyde and buffer of 7.5 to 8 pH
Retains over 80% of the original act 30 days after prep

A

Glutaraldehyde

53
Q

Protein precipitant
Also known as carbolic acid

A

Pheonol

54
Q

Uses of phenol

A

Germicide-(protoplasmic poison)
Local anesthetic action but caustic
Used as surgical antiseptic- (Joseph Lister)

55
Q

Phenol is mixed with
Used to cauterazize small wounds

A

4% glycerin

56
Q

Phenol concentration in antipruritic in phenolated calamin

A

.1-1% concentration

57
Q

Defined as the ratio of a disinfectant to the dilution of pheonol required to kill a given strain of bacterium salmonella typhi

A

Phenol coefficient

58
Q

Characteristics of phenol

A

Precipitate bacterial proteins at low concentrations
Lysis of bacterial cell membrane at high concentrations
Soluble 1:15 in water
Forms eutetic mixture ex thymol and menthol

59
Q

P-chlorophenol

A

P-chlorophenol + camphor in liquid petrolatum (used as external antiseptic and anti irritant

Phenol coefficient- 4

60
Q

p-chloro-m-xylenol

A

PC-MX, Metasep (brand name)
Non irritating antiseptic with broad spectrum
Antifungal and antibacterial
2% in shampoo
Topical for tinea ringworm infections such as atheletes foot and jock itch

61
Q

Hexachlorophene

A

Brand name- Phisohex, Gamophen, Surgicon
IUPAC- 2,2-methylenebis (3,4,6- trichlorophenol)
Uses- antiseptic low conc effective against gram+
2-3% in soaps detergents creams lotions and shampoos

62
Q

Cresol

A

Obtained from coal tar or petrolatum by alkaline extraction into aqueous medium, acidification,and fractional distillation

Phenol coefficient of 2.5

63
Q

Chlorocresol

A

4-chloro-3-methyl phenol
Preservative

64
Q

Thymol

A

Isopropyl m-cresol
From oil of thyme
Has fungicidal properties used in alcoholic solutions or dusting powders
Tx of tinea infections

65
Q

Resorcinol

A

m-dihydroxybenzene
Resorcin brand name
Weak antiseptic keratolytic
1-3% used in solutions and in ointments and pastes in concentrations of 10-25 for tx of skin conditions like ringworm eczema psoriasis nad seborrheic dermatitis

66
Q

Hexyresorcinol, USP

A

4-Hexylresorcinol
Antiseptic and mild anesthetic ( as throat lozenges)
Bactericidal and fungicidal and surfactant

67
Q

Eugenol

A

4-allyl 2-methoxyphenol
Uses loval anesthetic effect but used also as antiseptic in mouthwashes, dental analgesics

Phenol coefficient of 14.4

68
Q

Has the ability to liberate oxygen in tissues
Example is H2O2

A

Oxidizing agents

69
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Agua oxegenada
Germicide very short acting prone to enzyme destructuon before it reaches in wounds

70
Q

Carbamide peroxide

A

Gly-oxide
Stable complex of urea and Hydrogen peroxide
Commercial prep solution of 12.6 % in glycerin
Addition of water to liberation of hydrogen peroxide
Antiseptic
Disinfectant

Pmoc (5 decks)

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