PMLS LEC Flashcards
-Patient/client prep sample collection
-Personnel competency test evaluation
-Sample Receipt and Accessioning
-Sample Transport
PRE-ANALYTICAL
-Quality Control Testing
ANALYTICAL
-Record Keeping
-Reporting
POST-ANALYTICAL
THREE PHASES OF LABORATORY TESTING
Pre-analytical, Analytical, Post-analytical
-Test ordering, Specimen Collection, transport and processing
Pre-analytical
-Testing
Analytical
Result transmission, interpretation, follow-up, re-testing
Post-analytical
- Test Request
- Preparation of the Patient (INSTRUCTION and PRE-COLLECTION)
- Consideration before specimen collection (TUBES)
- Specimen Collection (WHICH METHOD)
- Specimen transport, preservation, retention, and processing
PRE-ANALYTICAL
- Ordering
- Collection
- Identification
- Transportation
PRE-PRE-ANALYTICAL
The highest frequency of errors with high risk for patients
PRE-PRE-ANALYTICAL
Involves analysis and is less prone to errors
ANALYTICAL
Involves reporting
POST-ANALYTICAL
Interpretation
POST-POST-ANALYTICAL
FACTORS AFFECTING “INTERNAL QUALITY”
-ERRORS OUTSIDE THE LAB
-ERRORS WITHIN THE LAB
7 ERRORS OUTSIDE THE LAB
- Sample Transport
- Sample Handling
- Sample Collection
- Patient Preparation (Ex. Fasting)
- Requisition (Full Info)
- Patient
- Doctor
4 ERRORS INSIDE THE LAB
- Sample Receiving
- Analysis
- Results
- Reports
Analyte that increase or decrease at a point of time in a day
Diurnal Variations
10 Variations in Laboratory Determination
- Diurnal variations
- Physical Activity or Exercise
- Fasting
- Diet
- Alcohol
- Tobacco smoker
- Drugs
- Posture (Prone or Supine)
- Tourniquet Application (Hemoconcentration if >1min)
- Stress, Anxiety and Hyperventilation
Cortisol is increased ___________________ (TIME)
After 8AM
Serum Iron is increased in ________ (TIME) and decreased in __________ (TIME)
in AM (MORNING), in PM
Neutrophil is increased in ________ (TIME) and decreased in __________ (TIME)
in PM, in AM
ACTH, Aldosterone, and Insulin is lowest in ____________________
DAYTIME
ACUTE EFFECTS of Tobacco Smoking
INCREASED:
- Carboxyhemoglobin
- Catecholamines
- Cortisol
CHRONIC EFFECTS of Tobacco Smoking
INCREASED:
- Hemoglobin concentration
- RBC and WBC count
- MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
Do not collect specimen from your patient without the _________________________________
TEST REQUEST FORM
Purpose of Test Request Slip
- Screening
- Diagnosis of Disease
- Therapeutic Monitoring
Proper Specimen Labelling must include
- Patient’s Name
- Age
- Sex
- Room
- Draw time.
- Test names/ sections.
The adjusting of the machine in quality control testing
CALIBRATION
__________________ until ___________________ is included in the PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE
Test Requisition, Centrifugation
__________________ until ___________________ is included in the ANALYTICAL PHASE
Post Centrifugation, Result of Test
___________________ is included in the POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE
Report of Result
- Generation of the Laboratory
- Final Evaluation of results (validation)
- Releasing of results (Transmission, interpretation and follow-up)
- QC performed (QC data from analytic phase is processed)
- Waste Management
POST-ANALYTICAL
- Contain a vacuum.
- Used with a vacutainer and syringe system.
- Stoppers universal colored coded: indicates contents.
- Have an expiration date.
Blood Collection Tubes
Color of The Tube used for Chemical Chemistry
Red Top Tube
No additive
Glass surface activates clotting sequence.
Do not mix.
Serum: use for TDM (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring)
Red Top Tube Glass
Contain additive to activate clotting sequence.
Contain inert gel SST.
Do invert mix and initiate clotting sequence.
Serum
Red Top Tube Plastic
Used for Trace Metal testing (Iron, Copper, Zinc)
Royal blue top Tube (Serum)
- Contains clot activator and gel (SST)
- Invert to mix and initiate clotting sequence.
- SERUM
Gold or Mottled-red-gray Top Tube
Anticoagulant of Blue-top Tube
Sodium Citrate