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Bachelor of Paramedic Science > PME3 Final > Flashcards

PME3 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four classes of cardiovascular drugs?

A

I - sodium blockers
II - beta blockers
III - potassium blockers
IV - calcium blockers

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2
Q

What are the cardiovascular drugs toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

agitated
ALOC
seizures
bradycardia
hypotension
heart blocks
QRS widening
VF/VT
metabolic disturbances
electrolyte disturbances
weakness
nausea/vomiting

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3
Q

What is the cardiovascular drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on, IV fluids
D - IV access, IV fluids/glucose, maintain normothermia
CCP backup for atropine, adrenaline, sodium bicrbonate, calcium gluconate, magnesium sulphate
early hospital notification

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4
Q

What are the common sodium blocker drugs?

A

TCAs - ‘ine’ suffix
flecainide (CVS)
propafenone (CVS)
propranolol (CVS)
dextropropoxyphene (opioid)

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5
Q

What are the types of antidepressant drugs?

A

SSRIs
SNRIs
TCAs
MAOIs

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6
Q

What are the common SSRI drugs?

A

fluoxetine (prozac)
sertraline
citalopram

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7
Q

What are the common SNRI drugs?

A

venlafaxine (efexol)
desvenlafaxine
duloxetine

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8
Q

What are the common TCA drugs?

A

amitryptyline
imipramine (endep)
nortryptyline

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9
Q

What are the common MAOI drugs?

A

phenelzine
tranylcypromine
moclobemide

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10
Q

What are the serotonin syndrome signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
agitation
hallucinations
tachypnoea
hypertension
tachycardia
diaphoresis
tremors
ocular/inducible/spontaneous clonus
muscle rigidity
hyperreflexia
hyperthermia

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11
Q

What is the antidepressant drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on
D - IV access IV fluids/IV fluids, maintain normothermia
CCP backup for sodium bicrbonate
Consult for GTN if significantly hypertensive
early hospital notification

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12
Q

What is the lithium drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on
D - IV access IV fluids/glucose, maintain normothermia/aggressively cool hyperthermic Pt
CCP backup for sodium bicrbonate
early hospital notification

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13
Q

What is the anticonvulsant drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on
D - IV access, IV fluids/glucose fluids, maintain normothermia/aggressively cool hyperthermic Pt
CCP backup for sodium bicrbonate
early hospital notification

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14
Q

What is the antipsychotic drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on
D - IV access, IV fluids/glucose, maintain normothermia/aggressively cool hyperthermic Pt
CCP backup for sodium bicrbonate
early hospital notification

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15
Q

What are the antidepressant toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

agitated delirium
ALOC
seizures
lethargy
nystagmus
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
PR, QRS & QT widening
flat/inverted T waves
gastric irritation
urinary retention
hyperthermia
tremors

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16
Q

What are the lithium toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
seizures
delirium
lethargy
nystagmus
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
QRS widening
QT prolongation
right axis deviation
gastric irritation
urinary retention
muscle rigidity
hyperthermia

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17
Q

What are the antipsychotics toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
seizures
delirium
lethargy
nystagmus
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
QRS widening
QT prolongation
right axis deviation
gastric irritation
urinary retention
muscle rigidity
hyperthermia

18
Q

What are the anticonvulsants toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
seizures
delirium
lethargy
nystagmus
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
QRS widening
QT prolongation
right axis deviation
gastric irritation
urinary retention
muscle rigidity
hyperthermia

19
Q

What are the ethanol toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
disinhibition
ataxia
aggression/ABD
respiratory depression
hypotension
hypothermia
nausea/vomiting

20
Q

What are the differential diagnosis of ethanol toxicity?

A

Encephalopathy
Head injury
Hypo-/hyperthermia
Intracranial infarction or haemorrhage
Metabolic disturbance
Overdose or other toxin
Post-ictal state
Psychosis
Sepsis

21
Q

What is Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE)?

A

acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that develops in alcohol-dependent individuals as a result of thiamine (B1) deficiency

22
Q

What is alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA)?

A

medical condition that develops in the alcoholic patient in response to starvation

23
Q

What are the alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) signs and symptoms?

A

hx of prolonged heavy alcohol misuse
bout of excessive intake terminated several days earlier by nausea, severe vomiting and abdominal pain
tachypnoea
tachycardia
hypotension
diffuse epigastric tenderness on palpation

24
Q

What are the ethanol withdrawal syndrome signs and symptoms?

A

insomnia
visual hallucinations
seizures
delirium
tachycardia
hypertension
nausea
anorexia
coarse tremor
hyperreflexia

25
Q

What is the ethanol toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on
D - IV access, IV fluids, antiemetic

26
Q

What are the theophylline and caffeine toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

Anxiety
insomnia
seizures
Tachypnoea
ST, SVT, AF, VT, refractory hypotension.
Hypokalaemia
hyperglycaemia

27
Q

What is the theophylline and caffeine toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
correct metabolic derangements

28
Q

What are the metformin toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

Fatigue
irritability
ALOC
seizures
coma
dyspnoea/tachypnoea/hyperpnoea
dysrhythmias
tachycardia
hypotension
nausea/vomiting
abdominal pain
decreased urine output
renal failure
hypothermia

29
Q

What is the metformin syndrome treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on
D - IV access, glucose, maintain normothermia
CCP backup
early hospital notification

30
Q

What is the paracetamol overdose treatment approach?

A

May be asymptomatic; do NOT leave behind
treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen IPPV
C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on
D - IV access, glucose
Early sitrep, request backup if ALOC
early hospital notification; consider bypass
Rapid transport

31
Q

What is the NSAID overdose treatment approach?

A

May be asymptomatic; do NOT leave behind
treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on
early sitrep, request backup if ALOC
early hospital notification; consider bypass
Rapid transport

32
Q

What are the paracetamol (third stage) toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

Irritability
weakness
ALOC
Seizures
coma (due to encephalopathy)
Tachycardia
hypotension
Coagulopathy (either prolonged or DIC)
Electrolytic derangement
Anorexia
nausea/, vomiting
diarrhoea
jaundice
Blood sugar instability
hypoglycaemia
renal failure

33
Q

What are the NSAID toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

CNS depression
coma
haemorrhagic stroke risk
heamatemesis
tachycardia
hypotension
nausea/vomiting
abdo pain
renal failure
haematuria
malaena
electrolyte derangement
coagulopathy
thrombocytopenic purpura (rare)

34
Q

What are the opioid toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

CNS depression
miosis
loss of airway reflexes
respiratory depression
apnoea
bradycardia/tachycardia
hypotension
nausea/vomiting
hypothermia
skin necrosis

35
Q

What is the opioid overdose treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
verbal de-escalation/QPS/physical restraint/EEA
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV, naloxone
C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on
D - IV access, IV fluids, glucose
Early sitrep, request backup if ALOC
early hospital notification; consider bypass
Rapid transport

36
Q

What are the benzodiazepine toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
drowsiness
slurred Speech/ataxia
bradyponea
bradycardia
hypotension
hypothermia

37
Q

What is the carbon monixide toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
100% oxygen delivery regardless SPO2
early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on
IV access
Early sitrep, request backup
Rapid transport

38
Q

What is the benzodiazepine overdose treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
verbal de-escalation/QPS/physical restraint/EEA
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on
D - IV access, IV fluids, glucose
Early sitrep, request backup
early hospital notification; consider bypass
Rapid transport

39
Q

What is the hydrofluoric acid toxicity treatment approach?

A

FULL PPE
remove soiled clothing, copiously irrigate
treat symptomatically
A - check and recheck
B - check and recheck
C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on
D - bilateral IV access, opioid pain relief, ice packs if topical
Early sitrep, request CCP backup for 2.5% calcium gluconate
early hospital notification

40
Q

What are the carbon monoide toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

headache
ALOC
seizures
coma
cortical blindness
dyspnoea/tachypnoea
pulmonary oedema
respiratory depression
SpO2 reading may be high
hypotension
tachycardia
haemodynamic instability
cardiac dysrhythmias
renal failure
hypo/hyperglycaemia
ataxia

41
Q

What are the hydrofluoric toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

Significant pain
ALOC
anxiety
confusion
headaches
seizures
Tremors
ataxia
musocal bleeding (if inhaled)
ulceration (if inhaled)
haemoptysis (if inhaled)
laryngeoedema/spasm (if inhaled)
stridor (if inhaled)
wheezing (if inhaled)
hyperkalaemia
QT prolongation
peaked T waves,
TdP/VT
liquefactive necrosis
ulceration
renal failure

Bachelor of Paramedic Science (19 decks)

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