Plumbing System Flashcards
#1-#130 are done #236-247 are done still need to work on #131 thru #235
½ Bathroom (half bath) is a bathroom with a sink and a toilet and is also called a powder room.
(True or False)
True
¾ Bathroom: which of the following is not in a 3/4 bathroom:
a) a bathroom with a sink,
b) toilet
c) bathtub
d) shower
d) bathtub
Aerator:
a) a device that introduces air into a water stream;
b) usually attached to the outlet of sink and lavatory faucets.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a and b
Adapter is a fitting that allows connection of different pipe types or different pipe sizes.
(True or False)
True
Air Admittance Valve (AAV):
a) an air pressure operated two-way valve used in place of an atmospheric plumbing vent;
b) this device is the same as a check (cheater) vent which contains a spring loaded gasket
c) is approved for use in site-built houses in most jurisdictions.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
a) ONE-WAY VALVE
b) different from cheater vent
c) is NOT approved
Air gap:
a) the vertical distance between the discharge opening of a water supply fixture, such as a faucet
b) the flood rim level of a fixture such as a sink
c) an air gap is one method of preventing a cross-connection between the water supply and drainage systems.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Appliance, plumbing:
which of the following appliances is not connected to the plumbing system that uses energy to perform its function:
a) clothes washing machine
b) dishwashing machine
c) water heater
d) bowl of water on top of a dresser
d) bowl of water on top of a dresser
Arm, shower:
a) the generally horizontal pipe that connects the shower riser to the shower head
b) usually curves down at about a 30° angle near the shower head.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a and b
Backflow:
a) The flow of a contaminate from an unintended source into the water supply system.
b) Also called Backpressure and Backsiphonage.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a and b
Backflow preventer is a device used to prevent backflow into the water supply system.
True or false
True
Backpressure is an uncommon condition that can occur when the pressure at a point outside the water supply system is greater than the water supply system pressure.
An example of backpressure is the weight of water in a swimming pool located above the water supply system pipes.
(True or False)
True
Backsiphonage:
a) an uncommon condition that can occur when there is negative pressure in the water supply system pipes;
b) contaminants can be sucked into the water supply system pipes.
c) Backsiphonage usually occurs because of a sudden loss of water pressure combined with rapid drainage of the water supply system pipes.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Backwater valve:
A backwater valve is recommended when plumbing fixtures in a house are located below the nearest downstream manhole cover of the public sewer.
(True or False)
False
upstream manhole cover, not downstream
Bend is a fitting that changes the direction of flow in drainage pipes. Bends are identified by the angle of the direction change, either by a fraction or by the number of degrees of the direction change. The fraction describes how much of a 360° circle that the bend angle sweeps. Which is incorrect:
a) 90° (¼ bend)
b) 60° (1/6 bend)
c) 45° (⅙ bend)
d) 22° (1/16 bend)
c) 45 (should be 1/8 bend)
See also Elbow and Sweep
Branch drain (fixture branch): (choose the best answer)
a) a pipe that receives material from one or more fixture drains or from other branch drains;
b) branch drains are usually vertical pipes that may have some horizontal sections;
c) a branch drain usually flows into a stack or into the building drain.
d) all of the above
c) branch drain flows into a stack or the building drain
NOTES:
a) TWO or more fixtures drains
b) mainly HORIZONTAL that may have SOME vertical
Brazing :
a) a method of joining metal pipe and fittings (usually copper) by fusing them together
b) usually uses an alloy made mostly from silver at a temperature above 800° F;
c) AKA: Contrast Soldering (sweating).
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Building drain:
a) Usually the highest drainage pipe in the house;
b) it extends 30 inches from the house exterior wall where it connects to the building sewer.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
b) extends 30 inches from the house exterior where it connects to the sewer
NOTE:
a) LOWEST pipe, not highest pipe
Cleanout (plumbing): (WHICH of the following is NOT a Cleanout:
a) an accessible opening in drainage pipes that allows clearing of blockages;
b) a fitting with a covered opening
c) an irremovable trap or fixture
d) none of the above
c) SHOULD BE a removable trap or fixture (like a toilet)
Commode:
a regional term primarily used in the South and Southeast. See Toilet.
(True or False)
True
Compression fitting is a method of connecting water supply pipes and valves using a compression ring (ferrule) and a compression nut. Which of the following examples is an example of a compression fitting:
a) dishwasher
b) garbage disposal
c) ice maker
d) all of the above
c) ice maker
Coupling:
a plumbing fitting that allows two pipes to be connected in a
a) straight line
b) bent angle
c) either a) or b)
d) none of the above
a) straight line
Cross-connection (backflow) is a connection between the water supply pipes and a potential contaminate source that could allow contaminated water to flow from the contaminate source into the water supply pipes. Which of the following is an example of Cross-connection:
a) DWV pipes,
b) Fill valve in a toilet tank
c) Hand-held shower head hanging below the flood rim level of a bathtub
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Developed length is the length of a pipe measured along the pipe including all fittings. For pipes that convey material under pressure (water and gas pipes), an amount is often added to the length of the physical pipe to account for pressure loss caused by
___________ at the fittings.
friction
Disposall (Disposal) is another name for a food-waste disposal.
(True or False)
True
Diverter:
a) a valve in a bathtub spout that directs water from the spout to the shower riser.
b) Any valve that directs water flow from one pipe to other pipes,
c) a valve in a shower that directs water from the shower head to body spray heads.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Drainage pipe:
a generic term that refers to a drain pipe or a _____ pipe.
waste
Drain (soil) pipe:
a pipe that conveys _______ and ________.
AKA Contrast Waste pipe.
feces and urine
DWV system is an abbreviation used to describe the:
a) plumbing drain,
b) waste,
c) vent pipes
d) associated fittings and fixtures
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Elbow (Choose the INCORRECT STATEMENT):
a) Also called a BEND, an Elbow is a water supply fitting that changes the direction of flow in pipes.
b) Elbows are identified by the number of degrees of the direction change. Common elbows include: 90°, 45°, and 22½°.
c) Elbow is frequently used when discussing DWV fittings, but coupling is the more technically correct term for DWV fittings.
d) None of the above
c) should be BEND, not coupling
Faucet:
a type of valve that allows water to flow through the air from an outlet.
dasdf
Fitting:
a part that allows two or more pipes to be joined together; commonly used to describe components that connect plumbing pipes.
Fixture drain (trap arm):
a pipe that conveys material from a fixture trap to another drainage pipe.
(True or False)
True
Name an example of a Fixture drain.
a receptacle that receives water from the water supply system and discharges the water and other material into the drainage pipes.
toilet, bathtub, floor drain, sink
Fixture, supply:
a device in the plumbing system from which water flows (like a faucet or hose bibb). The term fixture is often used to describe:
a) a supply fixture
b) a drainage fixture
c) both supply and drainage fixtures
d) none of the above
c) both
Flared fitting:
a method of connecting annealed copper water supply tubing and gas tubing and their associated valves by enlarging the end of the tube and securing the tube on a flare fitting using a screw.
(True or False)
False
secure the tube with a nut, not a screw
Flood rim level:
the lowest level water can rise in a drainage fixture before the water flows out from the fixture to an unintended area such as the floor or countertop.
(True or False)
False
the HIGHEST (not the lowest) level water can rise in a drainage fixture
Floor drain:
a plumbing fixture recessed in a floor; floor drains in houses are usually located in the _________ and receive water from sources such as the air conditioning condensate drain.
basement
Food-waste disposer:
It is perfectly fine for a home inspector to call food-waste disposers by their brand name like: a ) Disposall b) Garbarator c) Insinkerator d) none of the above
d) none of the above.
It is NOT okay to use name-brands to describe food-waste disposers.
Functional drainage:
a) when the water drainage rate from the fixture is approximately equal to the maximum water flow rate into the fixture;
b) water should not be able to reach the flood rim level of the fixture when the drain is completely closed.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above.
a) water drainage rate = max water flow rate
NOTE:
b) when the drain is fully open (not closed).
Functional flow:
a) a water flow rate at a water supply fixture (in gallons per minute, (gpm)) that is equal to the minimum recommended flow rate at the fixture supply pipe (with no fixture attached)
b) equal to the maximum recommended flow rate at the fixture
c) whichever is less.
d) all of the above
List an example and its recommended flow rate: Bathtub 4 gpm, Sink or lavatory 2.2 gpm, Shower 2.5 gpm, Hose Bibb 5 gpm.
d) all of the above
Gray water: Gray water may be processed and recycled to flush toilets and for landscape irrigation.
Examples of Gray water include:
a) liquid waste from lavatories,
b) bathtubs and showers,
c) clothes washers and laundry trays
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Hose bibb (bib):
a water supply fixture designed for attachment of a garden hose. See Spigot.
Hub (bell):
the enlarged part of a pipe or fitting that accepts insertion of a pipe; cast iron pipes often have a hub that accepts the spigot end of the pipe. Other types of drainage pipes may have hubs and spigots.
Laundry tray:
a) a sink usually located in a laundry area
b) deep sink
c) laundry sink
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Lavatory:
is a toilet located in a bathroom.
(True or False)
False
A sink located in a bathroom.
Manifold (plumbing):
a) several fittings spaced close together to which branch pipes or tubes are connected;
b) can be a manufactured device or field-assembled; used to distribute water or gas to individual fixtures or appliances or to a group of fixtures or appliances;
c) common uses include PEX water distribution systems and CSST gas distribution systems.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Pipe
a) water service
b) begins at the water meter or at the well head
c) ends at the main water shutoff valve
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Pipes, water distribution:
pipes beginning at the main water shutoff valve that convey potable water to fixtures and appliances in the house.
(True or False)
True
Potable water:
a) water that is safe to drink
b) taste is a consideration
c) visual appeal is a consideration
d) none of the above
a) water that is safe to drink
Press-connect fitting:
a) A proprietary method of connecting copper water supply tubes and valves
b) uses specially designed fittings or a crimping tool to seal the fitting
c) sometimes called a compression fitting
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Push-connect (push-fit) fitting:
a) A proprietary method of connecting water supply tubes and valves that allows the tube to be pushed into the fitting, securing the tube without the use of solder, washers, nuts, or similar components
b) also called Sharkbite
c) also called Probite
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Receptor, shower:
a term sometimes used to describe a shower head.
(True or false)
False
Shower pan
Riser:
a) a vertical plumbing pipe that extends one story or more and connects a valve to a water faucet.
b) A shower riser connects the shower valve to the arm that supports the shower spray head
c) A fixture riser connects the shutoff valves to the faucet.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Schedule 40 and Schedule 80 pipe refer to the thickness of pipe walls.
a) Schedule 40 pipe has a thinner wall than Schedule 80 pipe.
b) Schedule 40 pipe is more commonly used.
c) Schedule 80 pipe has a smaller internal diameter.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Septic tank:
a) a vessel that receives sewage from the public sewer
b) allows the solids to rise and float, and allows the liquid to drain off into vent trap.
c) Septic tanks are usually made from chocolate, but some are made from corrosion-resistant metal
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
receives from the building sewer pipe
solids settle and decompose, liquids drain into drain (leach field)
made from concrete.
Sewage:
liquid and solids in drainage or sewer pipes that contains animal or vegetable matter or any other impurities.
(True or False)
True
Sewage disposal system (Septic tank)
a) an on-site (individual/private) system that disposes of sewage from a house.
b) A modern system usually consists of a septic tank and drain field
c) Mechanical systems (such as mound systems) are also available.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Sewage ejector pump (AKA Contrast Sump Pump)
a pump that drains a sump filled with sewage and pumps the sewage into the building drain.
(True or False)
True
Sewer (building):
a) a pipe that conveys sewage from the building drain to the public sewer or the private sewage disposal system (septic)
b) begins 30 inches beyond the house exterior walls where it connects to the building drain
c) AKA Sewer Lateral or Building drain
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Sewer (public):
a system that conveys sewage from houses to a central treatment plant, usually owned and operated by a local government.
(True or False)
True
Slip joint:
a) a connection, usually at a sink trap
b) consists of a gasket under a nut that can be removed by hand or with a tool such as pliers
c) must be accessible
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Soldering (sweating) AKA: Contrast Brazing (silver soldering):
a) a method of joining metal pipe and fittings (usually copper)
b) by fusing them together with an alloy made mostly from tin
c) at a temperature below 800° F.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Spigot:
a) the un-enlarged end of a pipe that is inserted into a hub;
b) a nose ring
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
a) unenlarged end of a pipe inserted into a hub
NOTES:
b) should be hose bibb
Stack:
a horizonal drainage or vent pipe that extends more than one story.
True or False
False
vertical drainage
Stack vent:
an extension of a drainage stack that serves as the vent for the stack and fixtures connected to the stack.
(True or False)
True
Standpipe:
a) a pipe used to receive liquid waste from a fixture or appliance, usually a clothes washing machine;
b) a system of pipes and fire department connections intended to provide water for fighting fires;
c) fire fighting standpipes are found in commercial and industrial buildings.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Street bend (elbow):
a bend with a hub on one end and a spigot on the other end.
(True or False)
True
Subdrain AKA: Sewage ejector pump
a) a drain pipe located below the building drain
b) usually occurs when basement plumbing is located below the building drain
c) the sewage is pumped up to the building drain by a sewage ejector pump.
d) all of the above
d) all
Sump (crock):
a) a vessel or pit that sends sewage, waste, storm water, or ground water from around the house foundation
b) a sump is installed above a level where it could drain by gravity,
c) it must be drained by a pump.
d) none of the above
C) it must be drained by a pump
notes:
b) installed BELOW, NOT ABOVE
A) receives sewage, NOT SENDS
Sump pump:
a) a pump that drains a sump filled by storm water or by ground water from around the house foundation.
b) Contrast Sewage ejector pump.
c) both a and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Sweep: A DWV fitting with a 90° direction change
a) The term is more commonly used when referring to cast iron DWV fittings.
b) A sweep may be a long or short .
c) A long sweep has a larger curve radius than a short sweep and may be used in all direction changes
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Tail piece (tailpiece): (Which is correct)?
a) a vertical pipe installed between a sink outlet and a trap
b) a horizontal pipe between a sink outlet and a fitting that runs to a trap.
a) vertical pipe between a sink outlet and a trap
Thermal expansion: (Which is correct?)
a) the tendency of water to expand in volume when heated
b) 50 gallons can expand by 3 gallons or more when heated to about 115° Fahrenheit.
a) tendency of water to expand in volume when heated
Note:
can expand by 1/2 gallon, not 3 when heated to 115F.
Thermal expansion tank:
an enclosed vessel containing air that absorbs the water which has expanded when heated in a storage-type water heater or in a hot water boiler.
(True or False)
True
Toilet (commode, water closet, WC):
a plumbing fixture that receives human excrement and discharges it into the drain pipes.
(True or False)
TRUE
Trap:
a) a component that maintains a water seal to prevent sewer gas from entering the house;
b) a trap may be a separate fitting,
c) a trap may be integrated into a fixture such as a toilet.
d) all of the above
a) all of the above
Trap arm:
Also known as Fixture Drain
(True or False)
True
Trap primer:
a) a device and a pipe that conveys water to a trap to maintain the water seal
b) usually associated with floor drains
c) these fixtures often do not receive enough water to maintain the trap water seal
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Valve: (Which is correct?)
a) a device used to activate and deactivate the flow of a liquid or gas
b) some valves can control the sound of the liquid or gas.
a) activate and deactivate
NOTE
b) some valves can control the FLOW RATE (not sound) of the liquid or gas
Valve, full open (full flow):
a) a valve that has minimal resistance to water flow when open;
b) ball and gate valves are the most common examples in houses.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both
Valve, quick closing:
A valve that closes rapidly to stop the flow of water; typically found on clothes washing machines and dishwashing machines.
Quick closing valves can cause ______ _________.
water hammer
Valve, service (main shutoff):
the valve that activates and deactivates the water flow to the water distribution pipes.
True
Vent, branch:
a vent pipe that connects three or more individual vents to a vent stack or stack vent.
False
two or more, not 3 or more
Vent, pipe:
a pipe that conveys ____.
air
Vent, plumbing:
a) a pipe system that conveys air to help equalize pressure in the drain and waste pipes. The vent system protects the trap water seal from _____________ and ______________.
siphoning
blowout
Vent stack: (which is correct)?
a) a vertical plumbing vent that extends more than one story.
b) Vertical pipe (plumbing): a pipe that is 90° or more relative to horizontal.
a) a vertical plumbing extends more than one story
NOTE:
pipe that is 45° (not 90°) or more
Waste:
liquid in drainage pipes that does not contain feces or urine. Waste pipe: a drainage pipe that does not convey feces or urine.
(True or False)
True
Water closet (WC) AKA TOILET
see Toilet.
Water hammer: (Which is correct?)
a) a thumping or banging noise caused by the sudden stopping of water flow.
b) Water hammer can damage appliances.
a) thumping, banging noise
b) can damage pipes and fixtures
Water hammer arrestor:
a) a device that absorbs the hydraulic shock caused by the sudden stopping of water flow,
b) usually installed near outdoor hoses
a) absorbs HYDRAULIC Shock
NOTE:
usually installed near clothes washing machine and dishwasher water supply connections.
Water flow rate:
The amount of water that comes from a plumbing fixture, usually measured in gallons per minute (gpm). Water flow rate is a function of the
a) pipe type and internal diameter,
b) pipe length,
c) number of elbows between the water source and the fixture.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Water pressure:
a) the amount of force that water exerts on the ____ of a pipe, usually expressed in pounds per square inch (psi).
b) The maximum water pressure is ___ psi.
c) Water pressure exceeding ____ psi should be reduced by installing a water pressure regulator in the water service pipe.
a) walls
b) 80 psi
c) 80 psi
Water pressure regulator:
a) a usually bell-shaped device installed on the water service pipe near where the pipe enters the house and upstream from the water shutoff valve of the house;
b) it is adjustable
c) it reduces water pressure.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
WATER SERVICE AND DISTRIBUTION PIPES
a) The water distribution pipes begin at the main water shutoff valve.
b) Water distribution pipes should be insulated in freezing temperatures.
c) The water service pipe should be installed at least 12 inches below grade or at least 6 inches below the frost line, whichever is deeper.
(d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Small Holes
a) Holes and notches through which pipes are installed should be large enough to allow pipes to move.
b) The hole should be about 2 inches larger than the pipe diameter.
c) The rubbing, clicking, and squeaking noises made by pipes are often the result of a pipe rubbing against concrete
d) all of the above
a) Holes and notches should be large enough to allow pipes to move
NOTES:
b) 1/2 inch larger, NOT 2 INCHES
c) RUBBING AGAINST framing materials, NOT CONCRETE
Pipes Through Foundation Walls
Pipes installed through foundation walls should be protected against breaking by:
a) a relieving arch
b) enclosing the pipe in a green and yellow basket
c) enclosing the pipe in a pair of pants
d) none of the above
a) a relieving arch
NOTE:
b) and c) enclosing the pipe in a SLEEVE
Pipe Support Materials which is correct:
a) Copper hangers should not support galvanized steel pipe
b) Steel straps should not support copper pipe
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
d) both a and b
Water Supply Pipe Size
Home inspectors are not required to determine if pipes sizes are correct.
(True or False)
True
Copper Tubing
a) Copper tubing is used for water service and for water distribution.
b) Copper pipe is a heavier gauge and a larger diameter material that was used for DWV (uncommon).
c) Copper tubing is available as a rigid (drawn) tube or as a flexible coiled (annealed) tube;
d) These are all different forms of the same material
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Copper Tubing Installation
Copper tubing should be supported:
a) horizontally at least every 6 feet
b) vertically every 20 feet
c) both a and b)
d) none of the above
a) horizontally 6 feet
NOTE:
VERTICALLY EVERY 10 FEET, NOT 20 FEET
Copper Tubing Connections
a) Copper tubing is usually connected to other copper tubing using soldered copper fittings, threaded fittings, or push-connect fittings.
b) Drawn copper tubing may be connected to other drawn copper tubing using a press-connect fitting.
c) Copper tubing may be connected using a flared fitting or a compression fitting.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
a) CPVC pipe is the same as PVC pipe.
b) PVC may be used only for hot water because it has a maximum operating temperature under pressure of 100° F.
c) The expected service life of CPVC pipe is over seventy years.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
a) CPVC is different from PVC
b) cold water
c) fifty years
CPVC Installation
a) CPVC pipe should be supported horizontally at least every 3 feet and vertically at least every 10 feet.
b) A mid-story guide should be installed for pipes 2 inches and smaller.
c) It should be protected against punctures, breaking, and freezing.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
CPVC Connections
CPVC pipe is usually connected to other CPVC pipe using:
a) solvent-cemented fittings
b) a threaded fitting
c) push-connect fitting.
d) a threaded adapter fitting
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Galvanized Steel
The expected service life of galvanized steel pipe is about thirty years. Most of this pipe is at or beyond its expected service life
False
False
Fifty years
Galvanized Steel Installation
Galvanized steel pipe should be supported:
a) horizontally at least every 12 feet
b) vertically at least every 15 feet
c) both a and b
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Galvanized Steel Connections (which is correct)
a) Galvanized steel pipe is usually connected to other galvanized steel pipe using threaded fittings.
b) It may be connected to other water supply pipe materials such as CPVC and PEX by using a gooseneck elbow.
a) using threaded fittings
NOTE:
b = threaded adapter fitting. Not a gooseneck elbow.
Galvanized Steel Reported Problems
Galvanized steel pipe presents common problems.
a) It rusts from the inside,
b) Its inner surface becomes rough as it rusts
c) Traps particles and rust in the water
d) reduces the internal pipe diameter
e) all of the above
E) ALL OF THE ABOVE
Note:
Reduced functional flow is a common problem for galvanized steel pipe
PEX Tubing (which is the INCORRECT answer)
a) Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX)
b) PEX-AL-PEX is a related product that inserts an aluminum layer in the tubing to act as an oxygen barrier
c) The expected service life of PEX tubing is between 20 and 30 years
d) all of the above
c) 40 and 50 years, not 20 and 30
PEX Tubing Installation
PEX tubing should be supported: a) horizontally at least every 32 inches b) vertically at least every 10 feet. A mid-story guide should be installed c) for tubes 2 inches d) all of the above
d) all of the above
PEX Tubing Connections (choose the BEST answer)
a) The standard connection method uses copper or brass rings that are crimped on to the PEX and the fitting using a special crimping tool.
b) PEX tubing may be connected to other water supply pipe materials to drawn copper tubing only
c) to CPVC by using a push-pop
d) none of the above
a) copper or brass
Notes:
b) not drawn copper tubing only
c) push-connect fitting
PEX Tubing Reported Problems
a) Dezincification occurs when zinc leaches from the fittings creating a white powder that can reduce water flow through the fitting and can weaken the fitting.
b) PEX is known to degrade when exposed to sun-light.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a and b
Polybutylene (PB) Tubing Installation
PB tubing should be supported horizontally at least every 32 inches and vertically at least every 4 feet.
It should be protected against all of the following except:
a) punctures
b) breaking
c) freezing
d) heating
d) heating
Polybutylene (PB) Tubing Reported Problems (Choose the best answer)
a) Most problems involve leaks at the fittings
b) PB should be exposed to sunlight
c) Most home inspectors do not report the presence of PB tubing
d) all of the above
a) most problems involve leaks at the fittings
Uncommon Water Pipes (which is incorrect)
a) ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) may be used as water service pipe
b) Brass The expected service life of brass pipe is over fifty years.
c) Lead: The toxicity of lead has also been known for hundreds of years
d) Lead DWV pipe presents the occupants with a high risk of lead exposure. Replacement is required because it is beyond the end of its service life.
d) LOW risk of lead exposure, replacement is prudent, but not required.
Water Connectors
a) Water connectors are short lengths of tubing that are intended for connecting water distribution pipes to fixtures and appliances.
b) Acceptable plastic tubing should have listing information printed on the tubing
000
Water Connector Installation
They should not be bent such that the internal diameter is reduced. They should not be linked together to form a longer connector. They should not be used as a substitute for water distribution pipe. They should not be used as temperature/pressure relief valve extension pipe. They should be accessible over their entire length. This means that they should not penetrate walls, floors, and ceilings.
Water Valves
Required Valves
Ball Valve A ball valve has a rotating ball positioned between a gasket on each side of the ball.
Butterfly Valve A butterfly valve has a metal plate that is positioned in a gasket.
Gate Valve A gate valve has a piece of metal that is moved up and down by a rotating wheel that turns a screw.
Globe Valve A globe valve has a stopper that is positioned between two baffles when closed.
Angle Stop Valves Fixture shutoff valves are often called angle stop valves because the valve outlet is at a 90° angle to the inlet. Angle stop valves can be any type valve such as a ball valve.
Stop and Waste Valve These valves are similar to a globe valve; however, a stop and waste valve has a cap at the side that can be removed to drain water from the downstream portion of piping
Typical Defects, Water Supply System Typical defects that home inspectors should report include:
- active leaks, especially at connections, valves, and fittings,
- stains, mineral deposits, or corrosion indicating possible current pinhole leaks or prior leaks, especially at connections, valves, and fittings,
- rust, usually at connections and fittings but possible anywhere on galvanized steel pipe,
- incompatible metals connected together (e. g., copper tubing and galvanized steel pipe),
- water hammer,
- squeaking and clicking sounds indicating pipe movement in small holes,
- inadequately or improperly supported pipe,
- absent pipe insulation in areas subject to freezing, or on hot water pipes that are now required to be insulated,
- excessive or inadequate water pressure,
- inadequate functional flow at fixtures,
- garden hoses and other unapproved materials used as permanent piping,
- crimped (kinked) pipes,
- absent or damaged valve handles.
Faucets and Similar Valves
4 Types. Each faucet type and model may have different parts (which of the faucets below is not single handle):
a) Compression faucet (2 sizes, 4-inch and 8-inch)
b) Ball Faucets, (oldest, cheapest), on a rounded faucet body
c) Cartridge Faucets…have a cylindrical body
d) Disc Faucets…Look and operate like cartridge faucets
a) Compression faucet
Shower Valves
Shower valves and bathtub valves should be equipped with a device that limits the maximum water temperature running through the valve to 120° F.
The home inspector is required to test this function.
(True or False)
False
Home inspector is NOT required to test the maximum water temperature running through the shower/tub valves.
Diverters (which is correct)
a) It diverts water from the tub spout to the shower.
b) Flow from the tub spout is unacceptable.
a) diverts water from the tub spout to the shower head
a little flow from tub spout is acceptable.
Hose Connection Faucet
Common names include (which is incorrect)
a) hose bibb (also spelled bib)
b) hose cock
c) spit
d) sill cock
c) SHOULD BE SPIGOT, not spit
Hot/Cold Convention
Faucets and valves that supply hot and cold water should have the hot valve or setting on the left and the cold valve or setting on the right
(True or False)
TRUE
Typical Defects, Faucets and Valves Typical defects that home inspectors should report include, EXCEPT:
a. visible water leaks
b. inadequate functional flow
c. absent or loose handles
d. dirty sink basin
d. dirty sink basin
Bathtubs
a) A bathtub that has a pump and motor with water heater, called a ________ tub or a ____________ tub.
b) The common bathtub size is ___ by ___ inches.
c) A bathtub drain outlet should be at least ___ inches
d) The fixture drain length usually should be not more than ___ feet long.
a) Whirlpool or Hydromassage
b) 30 x 60
c) 1-1/2
d) 6 feet
Whirlpool Bathtub Inspection
a) Do not turn on the pump until the water level is above the highest return jet opening.
b) The home inspector should not leave the room when filling any fixture
c) both a and b
d) none of the above
c) both a and b
Whirlpool Pump Access
A whirlpool bathtub pump should be accessible for service and replacement
(True or False)
True
Showers and Tub Showers
Drainage
a) A shower drain outlet should be at least 1½ inches.
b) A P-trap should be installed under the shower
c) The fixture drain length
1) not more than 6 feet long for a 1½ inch trap
2) not more than 8 feet long for a 2 inch trap.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Shower water supply
Shower valves, the riser, and the shower arm, should be secure and not move or leak significantly when used.
(True or False)
True
Typical Defects, Bathtubs and showers Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. visible water leaks or leak evidence at valves, bathtub spouts, and shower heads, under bathtub or shower
b. physical damage or rust in bathtub,
c. tiles loose, sound hollow, or damaged inside and outside the bathtub or shower
d. colored grout or caulk
d. colored grout or caulk
Sinks (Choose the correct answer)
a) At least one sink is required in every kitchen and in every bathroom.
b) A bathroom sink is called a lavatory.
c) A laundry sink is sometimes called a laundry tray, a laundry tub, or a deep sink.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Drainage (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) All sink drain outlets should be at least 1½ inches.
b) A P-trap should be installed under the sink.
c) The fixture drain length should usually be not more than 5 feet long for a bathroom sink and 6 feet long for other sinks.
d) A sink outlet should be not more than 30 inches horizontally and 24 inches vertically from the trap inlet.
a) NOT ALL DRAIN OUTLETS require 1-1/2 inch minimum.
BATHROOM sink drain outlets only need to be at least 1-1/4 inches.
Overflows
Bathroom sinks sometimes have an opening near the top of the basin on the side opposite the faucet.
Sink overflows are required.
(True or False)
False
Sink overflows are NOT required.
Stoppers
Bathroom sinks usually have a stopper that blocks the drain and allows water to be retained in the sink.
A stopper is required in any sink drain outlet.
(True or False)
False
A stopper is NOT required in any sink drain outlet.
Working space
The minimum clear horizontal distance in front of a sink should be at least 19 inches
(True or False)
False
21 inch clearance in front of a sink is required
Typical Defects, sinks Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. chipped, rusted, or otherwise physically damaged sink
b. visible water leak or leak evidence under the sink,
c. loose or otherwise poorly supported sink,
d. sealed gap between the sink and countertop,
d. sealed gap between the sink and countertop
ONLY REPORT UNSEALED GAPS between sink and countertop
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) A bidet is actually a sink in the form of a toilet bowl.
b) Toilet parts: The external toilet parts are the bowl, the tank, and the flush handle
c) The bowl sits on and is attached to the closet flange and should not move when a force is applied.
d) A wax o-ring is installed between the toilet tank and the closet flange.
d) A wax o-ring is installed between the toilet BOWL (not tank) and the closet flange.
Typical Defects, Toilets Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. chipped, cracked, or otherwise physically damaged toilet bowl, tank, or tank lid,
b. visible water leak or leak evidence between the tank and bowl, around the bowl
c. both a) and b)
d. none of the above
c. both a) and b)
Clothes Washing Machine Connections (Standpipes)
Choose the correct answer
The standpipe in a newer house should
a) be at least 2 inches diameter
b) extend at least 18 inches and not more than 42 inches above the trap weir.
c) be trapped and the trap should be protected by a vent.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
NOTE:
The standpipe in an older house may be 1½ inches diameter, or the washing machine may drain into a laundry tub.
Floor Drains and Trap Primer
a) Floor drain traps should be at least 2 inches diameter.
b) Floor drain traps should be connected to a trap primer, or the trap water seal should be deeper than usual.
c) A trap primer is a device that injects a small amount of water into the trap on a regular basis.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Typical Defects, Other Fixtures REPORT all of the following EXCEPT:
a. clothes washing machine water supply connections: leak, are rusted or deteriorated, handles are absent or damaged, valves are loose,
b. standpipe diameter too small, length too long or too short, or leaks
c. standpipe and trap well supported
d. standpipe or floor drain not trapped or vented, or is blocked
c. standpipe and trap NOT well supported
Backflow Prevention (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Backflow can be caused by backsiphonage or backpressure.
b) The objective of backflow prevention is to keep harmful materials out of the potable water supply.
c) This vertical separation is called an air gap.
d) These devices are called backflow enhancers.
d) These devices are called backflow PREVENTERS, not enhancers.
Air Gaps
In most cases, the vertical distance should be at least twice the opening size
(True or False)
TRUE
Backflow Preventers
a) The hose connection vacuum breaker is one of the most common backflow preventers.
b) A pressure vacuum breaker is often used in this application. These devices are effective at preventing backsiphonage, not backpressure.
c) They should be installed vertically and at least 6 to 12 inches above the highest outlet .
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
NOTE:
Toilet fill valves should have an anti-siphon backflow preventer installed in the valve. The device should be located at least 1 inch above the overflow pipe.
WATER TREATMENT DEVICES
Water treatment systems are out of scope of a home inspection.
(True or False)
True
Water softeners may not be connected to a drainage system under any circumstances
Water Filters (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Water filters remove things from water.
b) Disinfection: Harmful biological contaminates include bacteria (such as fecal coliform), viruses, and worms.
c) Ammonia is the most common method of killing bacteria, worms, and some viruses.
d) none of the above
c) CHLORINATION, (not Ammonia) is the common method of killing bacteria…etc.
HOT WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEMS (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The pump circulates hot water continuously (while the pump is running) so that hot water is available nearly instantly.
b) Installation on the cold water side or at the drain valve is sometimes observed and is usually not correct.
c) Hot water circulation systems are out of scope of a home inspection.
d) none of the above
c) HOT WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEMS ARE IN SCOPE for Home Inspection
WELLS (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) In many locations, water collects underground in a water-saturated zone or in an aquifer.
b) A driven well is bored by pounding small-diameter pipe into loose water-bearing sand or gravel.
c) Driven wells are usually shallow (50+ feet).
d) Drilled wells have a maximum depth of 80 feet.
d) Drilled wells can be as deep as necessary to reach the aquifer.
Well Location (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
The well head should be
a) about 12 to 18 inches above grade and grade should slope away from the well head.
b) capped and sealed.
c) at least 20 feet from a septic tank and its leach field. d) at least 100 feet from petroleum tanks and from areas where pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers are used.
c) at least 50 (not 20) feet from a septic tank and its leach field.
Typical Drilled Well Components (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) A casing (pipe) is usually inserted in the well shaft to keep it open.
b) Most wells use a submersible pump and motor.
c) A jet pump may be installed at the bottom of the well.
d) A centrifugal pump may be found on some shallow wells.
c) A jet pump may be installed at the TOP (not bottom) of the well.
Well Capacity Testing (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) There are many different procedures for testing well capacity.
b) Some of these names include flow rate test, yield test, draw down test, pumping test, and recovery test.
c) All of these procedures are out of scope of a home inspection
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Defects, Wells Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a. Low water pressure: possible causes: insufficient air in pressure tank; worn or damaged pressure tank bladder or diaphragm, waterlogged pressure tank, defective or improperly adjusted pressure switch, various problems with the pump.
b. Poor water quality: numerous possible contaminants, correction depends on the contaminants.
c. Low water production from well: possible causes: various problems with the pump, blocked screen, changes in the aquifer.
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
FIRE SUPPRESSION (SPRINKLER) SYSTEMS
Fire sprinkler systems are required by the IRC in all new houses. Very few local jurisdictions have adopted this requirement.
(True or False)
True
DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS (DHW)
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Hot and cold water should be provided to all sinks, bathtubs, showers, bidets, and clothes washing machine fixtures.
b) Hot water should also be provided to a dishwashing machine, if installed.
c) By far the most common system is the storage tank water heater.
d) Water above 125° F. will cause a first degree burn.
e) The home inspector is required to measure hot water temperature
e) The home inspector is NOT required to measure hot water temperature
Storage Tank Water Heaters
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Storage capacity for domestic water heaters ranges from 2½ gallons to 100+ gallons.
b) The typical storage capacity for appliances intended to provide DHW for an entire house is in the 40 to 50 gallon range.
c) An important feature of a storage tank water heater is its recovery rate. This rate is the time required to heat water by a certain amount, for example 90°F
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Storage Tank Water Heater Components
Storage tank water heaters are made from the following components: a cabinet, insulation, a water tank, a cold water inlet (dip) tube, a hot water outlet, an anode rod, and a heating device.
a) A temperature/pressure relief valve and a drain valve are also required components that may be factory installed or may be installed during installation of the water heater at the house
b) The anode rod is usually made from aluminum, zinc, tin, or magnesium.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a and b
Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters:
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Most elements are intended for 240 volts, but elements for some smaller water heaters are intended for 120 volts.
b) Each heating element is controlled by a thermostat
Thermostats are separate devices from the heating elements and are replaceable.
c) Most electric water heaters are served by a dedicated 120 volt, 15 amp branch circuit.
d) NM cable should not be used to power a water heater unless it is enclosed in conduit or if exposed NM is allowed by the local jurisdiction
c) Most electric water heaters are served by a dedicated 240 (not 120 volt), 30 (not 15 amp) branch circuit.
Gas Storage Tank Water Heaters (Category I)
a) The thermocouple is the sensor that monitors the pilot flame.
b) The other sensors include the thermostat sensor which controls water temperature in the tank, and a high limit sensor that shuts off the gas valve if the water rises above a set temperature.
c) A gas shutoff valve and a sediment trap should be installed in the gas supply piping upstream from the water heater and in the same room.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Demand (Tankless) Water Heater Inspection
Confirming that appliances are installed according to manufacturer’s instructions is out of scope of a home inspection
(True or False)
True
Oil Storage Tank Water Heaters
Inspecting the oil burner and vent system of an oil storage tank water heater is the same as inspecting these components at an oil furnace
(True or False)
True
Heat Pump Storage Tank Water Heaters (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) Most heat pump water heaters are also known as hybrid water heaters.
b) The area where the appliance is installed must have adequate volume or air flow, 700 to 1,000 cubic feet or more.
c) These appliances produce condensate, so a place to discharge the condensate by gravity or a condensate pump is necessary.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
a) A temperature/pressure relief (TPR) valve is required for all storage tank water heaters.
b) A pressure relief valve is required for demand water heaters and some manufacturers specify a TPR (T&P) valve.
c) A temperature relief valve is required for swimming pool heaters.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Drain Pan
A drain pan should be installed under a storage tank water heater if the water heater is installed where a leak will cause damage.
True or False
True
Ignition Source Elevation in a Garage (Choose the CORRECT ANSWER)
a) Water heaters and other appliances that are installed in a garage should have the ignition source raised at least 18 inches above the garage floor.
b) Water heaters listed as FVIR are required to be elevated.
c) either a or b
d) none of the above
a) raised at least 18 inches
NOTES:
b) Water heaters listed as FVIR are NOT required to be elevated.
Seismic Bracing (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Water heaters located in seismic risk areas should be anchored or strapped to resist movement during an earthquake
b) The anchors or straps should be located in the upper and lower third of the water heater
c) should not interfere with the service access openings
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Thermal Expansion Devices (choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Water expands in volume when heated; this is called thermal expansion.
b) Pressure usually between 20 and 40 psi.
c) Testing a thermal expansion tank is in scope of a home inspection.
d) none of the above
c) Testing a thermal expansion tank is OUT OF SCOPE of a home inspection.
Mixing Valves (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Mixing valves (also called tempering valves) are designed to limit the temperature of water flowing through them to not more than 100°F
b) Mixing valves are required at bathtubs and showers, and are usually integrated into newer single handle faucet.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
a) to not more than 120°F, not 100°F
Typical Defects, All water Heaters Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) absent, leaking, or significantly corroded cold water shutoff valve
b) crimped or damaged flexible water connectors,
c) absent dielectric fitting between dissimilar metals
d) appliance in a garage protected from vehicle impact
d) appliance NOT protected from vehicle impact
Typical Defects, storage Tank water Heaters (All Types) Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) visible leaks or evidence of leaks on or around cabinet, behind access openings, at drain valve
b) capped drain valve
c) absent slapping belt
d) inadequate access or clearance for operating, service, or replacement
e) inadequate clearance to combustibles
c) should be ABSENT drain valve, not slapping belt
Typical Defects, Gas and oil storage Tank water Heaters Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a) significant rust or debris in combustion chamber
b) visible leaks or evidence of leaks inside or around combustion chamber
c) visible scorching or soot around combustion chamber opening
d) loose, disconnected, or improperly installed Mickey Mouse Ears
d) loose, disconnected, or improperly installed
draft hood or vent system (refer to Oil Vent Systems section), NOT MICKEY MOUSE EARS :)
Typical Defects, Electric storage Tank water Heaters Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) visible leaks or evidence of leaks behind access covers and around heating elements
b) heating elements not operating
c) thermostats operating properly
d) elements not the wattage specified on water heater label
c) thermostats not operating properly
Typical Defects, Relief Valves and Discharge Pipes Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a) absent relief valve
b) relief valve not installed within 12 inches from the top of the tank
c) leaking relief valve
d) absent or improperly installed discharge pipe.
b) relief valve not installed within 6 inches, NOT 12 inches, from the top of the tank
DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT PIPES (DWV)
Home inspectors are usually expected to know the proper size for traps and fixture drains. (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Pipes should not be reduced in size in the direction of flow. For example, a P/2 inch trap should not be connected to a P/4 inch fixture drain.
b) The smallest size drainage pipe that may accept flow from a toilet is 3 inches.
c) A 1 inch drainage pipe is the smallest pipe that may leave a bathroom.
d) A 2½ inch drainage pipe can accept flow from about 4 to 6 fixtures other than a toilet. A 2 inch drainage pipe can accept flow from about 2 to 3 fixtures other than a toilet.
c) a 3 inch drainage pipe, smallest to leave a bathroom, NOT 1 inch
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Pipe (Choose the CORRECT answer
a) Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is used for building sewer and for interior DWV pipe.
b) The expected service life of ABS is over 50 years
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
ABS Pipe Installation (Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) ABS should be supported horizontally at least every 4 feet and vertically at least every 10 feet. A mid-story guide should be installed for pipes 2 inches and smaller.
b) Schedule 80 ABS pipe may not be threaded and connected without a fitting.
c) ABS should be connected to PVC using an adapter fitting that is made from both pipe types.
d) ABS is usually connected to galvanized steel using a banded coupling that uses stainless steel bands to secure the joint (also called an elastomeric coupling).
b) Schedule 80 ABS pipe MAY BE threaded and connected without a fitting.
Cast Iron Pipe (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) The expected service life of cast iron is about fifty years.
b) Most of this pipe is beyond its expected service life.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Cast Iron Pipe Installation (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Cast iron pipe should be supported horizontally at least every 10 feet when standard 10 foot long pieces are used
b) at least every 5 feet when fittings are installed,
c) vertically at least every 15 feet
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Cast Iron Pipe Connections (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Cast iron pipe without a hub and spigot (hubless) is connected using a banded coupling.
b) Cast iron pipe may be connected to pipes such as ABS, PVC, and galvanized steel using a caulked joint, a compression gasket, or a banded coupling.
c) Cast iron may be connected to galvanized steel using a threaded adapter fitting.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Galvanized Steel Pipe Installation (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Galvanized steel pipe should be supported horizontally at least every 12 feet and vertically at least every 15 feet.
b) Protection against punctures is required.
c) It should be protected against breaking and freezing.
d) none of the above
b) Protection against punctures is not required.
PVC Installation (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) PVC should be supported horizontally at least every 10 feet
b) A mid-story guide should be installed for pipes 4 inches and smaller. It should be protected against punctures, corrosion, breaking, and freezing
c) PVC should be connected to ABS using an adapter fitting that is made from both pipe types and using transition cement .
d) PVC is usually connected to galvanized steel using a banded coupling that uses stainless steel bands to secure the joint (also called an elastomeric coupling).
b) A mid-story guide for pipes 2 inches and smaller, not 4 inches.
Sewer Pipe Repair
Repair methods include all, EXCEPT:
a) bursting
b) sliplining (fold and form)
c) cured-in-place pipe
d) super glue
d) super glue
Pipe slope and Direction Change (choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Pipes should slope downward toward the discharge point to the sewer or private sewage disposal system.
b) Pipes usually need to change direction to accomplish this.
c) Slope of drainage pipes smaller than 3 inches diameter should be not less than ¼ inch per foot.
d) Slope of drainage pipes 3 inches diameter and larger should be not less than 1/2 inch per foot.
d) not less than 1/8 inch per foot, not 1/2 inch.
Bends (choose the INCORRECT answer)
Bends are available as
a) 90° (1/8)
b) 60° (1/6),
c) 45° (1/8)
d) 22½° (1/16)
a) 90° is (1/4), not 1/8
Sanitary Tee (choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) A sanitary tee is a fitting that is inserted into a vertical pipe to accept flow from a horizontal pipe, usually a fixture drain or a branch drain.
b) A sanitary tee may be used to change flow direction from vertical to horizontal or from horizontal to horizontal.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
b) A sanitary tee may NOT be used to change flow direction from vertical to horizontal or from horizontal to horizontal.
Saddle Fittings and Pipe Drilling
Connections to DWV pipes should be made through holes drilled into a pipe.
True or False
False
Connections to DWV pipes should NOT be made through holes drilled into a pipe.
Cleanout (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) The building sewer cleanout should be located within 10 feet from the junction of the building drain and building sewer.
b) This junction is within 3 feet from the foundation.
c) Building sewers longer than 100 feet should have a cleanout at least every 100 feet.
d) All of the above
d) all of the above
Typical Defects, DWV Pipes and Fittings Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. visible leaks or evidence of leaks such as water stains, usually at fittings
b. incorrect fitting installed for the location and use
c. improperly installed fitting (fitting is in the correct location)
d. a harmonica in the sink basin
d. a harmonica in the sink basin
Traps and Fixture Drains
The function of a trap is to maintain a liquid seal between the drainage pipes and the house in order to keep out sewer gases.
(True or False)
True
Trap Installation
A trap should be located not more than 10 inches horizontally from the fixture outlet, measured between the center of the trap and the center of the fixture outlet.
(True or False)
False
not more than 30 inches, not 10
Trap Type and Water Seal (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The current accepted trap configuration is the P-trap.
b) The P-trap water seal should be at least 2 inches deep and not more than 4 inches deep.
c) A variation of the P-trap is the bag trap.
d) none of the above
c) variation called BOTTLE trap, not bag trap.
Prohibited Traps
Prohibited traps include the S-trap, drum trap, and bell trap. (Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) The S-trap is common under toilets in older houses.
b) The drum trap is occasionally found under bathtubs in very old houses.
c) The bell trap is occasionally found at floor drains in very old houses.
d) none of the above
a) The S-trap is common under SINKS, not toilets in older houses.
Building (House) Traps
A building trap is a trap installed in the building drain near the connection of the building drain to the building sewer.
(True or False)
True
Fixture Drain Installation
The fixture drain should slope toward the drainage or vent connection fitting at 1/4 inch per foot
(True or False)
False
1/2 inch per foot
Crown Venting
The fixture drain length between the trap weir and the vent connection fitting should be at least four pipe diameters.
(True or False)
should be at least TWO, not four pipe diameters.
Typical Defects, Traps and Fixture Drains Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) visible leaks or evidence of leaks such as water stains and damaged materials under the trap
b) trap not set level
c) double trapped fixture
d) trap painted RED
d) absent trap should be reported, not a painted one.
Plumbing Vents (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Every house should have at least two atmospheric vents
b) A vent usually is a pipe that terminates on the roof and is open to the atmosphere, but it can be a mechanical device called an air admittance valve (AAV).
c) The vent system and vent pipes should not be used for any purpose other than providing air to the drainage pipes.
d) None of the above
a) Every house should have at least ONE (not two) atmospheric vents
Vent Connection to a Stack
The connection point of a vent with a vent stack or branch vent should be at least 10 inches above the flood rim level of the highest fixture being vented
(True or False)
False
The connection point of a vent with a vent stack or branch vent should be at least 6 INCHES (not 10 inches) above the flood rim level of the highest fixture being vented
Air Admittance Valve (AAV) (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) An AAV should be installed at least 6 inches above the horizontal drain being vented.
b) AAVs should be installed vertically or within at least 15° of vertical.
c) An AAV is different from a check vent (sometimes called a cheater vent).
d) None of the above
a) AAV installed 4 INCHES (not 6) above drain
Typical Defects, Plumbing Vents Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) fixture trap not protected by a vent,
b) blocked vent (cannot see directly),
c) horizontal vent pipe not sloped toward drain,
d) vent pipe size too big
d) vent pipe size too SMALL, not too big
Private Sewage Disposal Systems (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) A septic system should not be confused with a gray water recycling system.
b) Inspection of private sewage disposal systems is out of scope of a home inspection, as is determining whether a house is served by a public or private sewage disposal system.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Septic System Components
Sept Systems consist of three components:
a) a tank,
b) a drain field (AKA leach field or absorption field)
c) the soil
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Typical Defects, septic systems Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) Sewage backup into plumbing fixtures
b) Fast drainage of plumbing fixtures
c) Unusual growth of plants above the drain field
d) Wet soil at drain field
e) Well water contamination
b) SLOW drainage, NOT FAST drainage should be reported.
Sewage Ejectors, Backwater Valves, Sump Pumps
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) A sewage ejector is usually found when plumbing fixtures are installed in a basement and the basement is located below the public sewer
b) The pit into which the building subdrain drains is called a sump (sump pit);
c) a sewage ejector is the same as a sump pump.
d) A sewage ejector system should consist of a sump pit, a pump, discharge and vent pipes, valves, and electric power.
c) a sewage ejector is different from a sump pump.
Sewage Ejector Inspection (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Inspection of a sewage ejector is limited because the sump pit is (should be) sealed gas-tight.
b) The home inspector should determine that power is available to the pump before attempting to operate it
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
b) both a) and b)
Macerating toilets
A macerating toilet is a toilet that contains a device that grinds solids into small pieces and a pump that discharges the material into the gravity drainage pipes
(True or False)
True
Backwater Valves
A backwater valve is a type of check valve that prevents sewage from the public sewer from flowing into the house
(True or False)
True
Sump Pump Components (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The pump is usually a submersible type or a pedestal type.
b) The discharge pipe should be a type approved for DWV pipe, such as ABS, copper, and PVC.
c) Flexible hoses are common discharge pipes and are currently approved.
d) A check valve is a recent requirement and it is uncommon to find one installed on older systems.
c) Flexible hoses are common discharge pipes BUT ARE NOT currently approved.
Electrical Connections
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Sewage ejectors and sump pumps are usually served by a 120 volt branch circuit receptacle.
b) The receptacle should be GFCI protected, if required, given the location of the receptacle.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Typical Defects, Sewage Ejectors Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) Sewage ejector pump does not function, functions for a short time and stops, or operates after pit is empty
b) Improperly installed or modified sump pit
c) Sump pit vented
d) Absent check valve or full open valve
c) Sump pit IF NOT VENTED or IMPROPERLY vented should be reported
Typical Defects, Sump Pumps Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) sump pump does not function, functions for a short time and stops, or operates after pit is empty
b) discharge pipe terminates to an improper location
c) unusually clean sump pit
d) absent check valve (recent requirement)
c) unusually DIRTY, NOT CLEAN sump pit
FUEL STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
(Choose the correct answer)
a) These fuels must be stored in tanks (propane tank and fuel oil tank), and must be transported from the storage tank or gas meter (natural gas) to the fuel-fired appliance.
b) This must be accomplished with no margin for error because leakage of these combustible fuels is very likely to cause catastrophic damage and potential loss of life.
c) Gas pipes before the point of delivery are usually concealed and are not within the scope of local building codes.
d) All of the above
d) all of the above
Black Steel Gas Pipe
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Black steel gas pipe usually comes in 10 foot sections.
b) Common pipe diameters are in ½ inch increments between ½ and 3½ inches.
c) The white Teflon tape used for joints in water pipes is not acceptable for gas pipes.
d) Horizontal support intervals are 6 feet for ½ inch pipe, 8 feet for ¾ and 1 inch pipe, and 10 feet for 1¼ inch and larger pipe.
b) Common pipe diameters are in ½ inch increments between ½ and 1½ inches not 3½ inches.
Copper Gas Tubing
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Copper tubing should be Type K (green labels) or Type L (blue label).
b) Horizontal support intervals are 4 feet for ½ inch pipe, 6 feet for ¾ and 1 inch pipe, and 8 feet for 1¼ inch and larger pipe.
c) A yellow label with GAs printed on it should be applied at least every 2 feet
d) None of the above
c) A yellow label with GAs printed on it should be applied at least every 5 FEET, not 2 feet.
Corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) CSST is a flexible tube that comes in coils.
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) CSST is frequently confused with flexible asset connectors (FAC)
b) Typical horizontal support intervals are 6 feet for ½ inch CSST and 8 feet for ¾ inch and larger CSST.
c) Most CSST should be bonded to the grounding electrode conductor for lightning safety.
d) A minimum #6 AWG copper conductor should run from the first length of hard pipe at the house, or at the first fitting where the CSST connects to the gas service pipe, to the grounding electrode system
a) CSST is frequently confused with flexible APPLIANCE, NOT ASSET connectors (FAC)
Flexible Appliance Connectors (FAC)
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
Typical instructions include that FAC should not:
a) enter an appliance cabinet
b) pass through walls, floors, and ceilings
c) be stretched tight; they should be able to move a couple inches
d) be bent with a radius smaller than 2½ inches,
e) be buried
f) be connected together.
d) be bent with a radius smaller than 1½ INCHES, not 2½ inches
Gas Pipe sediment Traps and Drip Legs
Drip legs are rarely necessary.
(True or False)
True
Gas Shutoff Valves (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Most valves should be located in the same room as the appliance and within 6 feet from the appliance.
b) Shield plates should be installed if the hole in which the pipe is installed is closer than 1½ inches to the edge of a stud.
c) This shield plate should extend at least 4 inches above the bottom plate and 4 inches below the top plate.
d) All of the above
d) all of the above
Gas Pipe Protection Against Corrosion
(Choose the CORRECT ANSWER)
a) Black steel gas pipe should be protected against corrosion when installed outdoors and when installed through concrete slabs.
b) Copper tubing and CSST usually require additional corrosion protection
c) both a and b)
d) none of the above
a) PROTECTED AGAIN CORROSION WHEN OUTDOORS OR THROUGH CONCRETE SLABS
Note:
Copper and CSST DO NOT usually require corrosion protection
Gas Pipe Installation Outdoors Above Ground
All gas pipes and tubing should be installed at least 1½ inches above the ground and above a roof when run horizontally above the ground or roof.
(TRUE OR FALSE)
False
should be 3-1/2 INCHES above ground, not 1-1/2
Gas Pipe Installation Through Walls, Ceilings, and Floors
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Gas pipe and tubing should not be installed through underground foundation walls.
b) Gas pipe that terminates through a wall, floor, or ceiling should extend far enough beyond the wall to allow room to grasp the pipe to install fitting.
c) The unthreaded part of the pipe should extend at least 3 inches beyond the wall and 4 inches above a floor
d) none of the above
c) The unthreaded part of the pipe should extend at least 1 inch (NOT 3) beyond the wall and 2 INCHES (NOT 4) above a floor
Gas pipe Installation in Floors
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
Gas pipe and tubing may be installed within solid floors such as concrete slab foundations:
a) It may be installed in drywall.
b) If installed in a sleeve, the sleeve terminates outdoors, it should be sealed where the sleeve penetrates the foundation indoors
c) the sleeve should be ventilated outdoors.
d) none of the above
b) It should be installed in a sleeve such as PVC pipe, not in drywall.
Gas Pipe Burial
Gas pipe and tubing may be buried if listed for burial.
Minimum burial depth is 12 inches, except 8 inches for gas lights and outdoor grills.
True or False
True
Gas Pipe Prohibited Locations
Gas pipe and tubing should be in or through HVAC supply and return ducts, exhaust ducts, laundry chutes, chimneys, and appliance vents.
True or False
False
Gas pipe Should NOT be in HVAC supply or Ducts
Gas Meters and Regulators
Each utility establishes regulations for where the gas meter and regulator may be located, and these regulations vary among utilities. Typical minimum distances between the gas regulator (not the gas meter) and components is:
a) 3 feet for all outdoor and indoor receptacles, panels and components, vents and fans
b) 10 feet to mechanical air intake openings including window and through-wall air conditioners
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Gas Leak Detection
Gas leak detection, except for obvious leaks that anyone could smell, is a technically exhaustive procedure and is out of scope of a home inspection.
(True or False)
True
Propane Tanks
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Permanent propane tanks are often located above ground, but may be buried.
b) Cylinders intended to be filled from trucks are medium size (500 to 1,000 gallons) and are also intended to serve several gas appliances.
c) Exchange cylinders are smaller (25 gallons or less), and are intended to serve one or two appliance such as a gas fireplace or a gas grill.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Oil Supply Pipe and tubing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Copper tubing or steel pipe or tubing may be used to transport oil between the oil tank and the oil-fired appliance.
b) Oil supply piping is installed using either a one pipe or two pipe system. Either system is allowed.
c) A readily accessible manual shutoff valve should be installed in the supply piping between the oil tank and the appliance.
d) An oil filter is required in the oil supply piping.
d) An oil filter is recommended, but IS NOT required, in the oil supply piping.
Oil storage tanks (general)
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Maximum tank capacity is 440 gallons.
b) The tank should be labeled for use as an oil storage tank.
c) Tanks located above ground should be supported using noncombustible legs, or other suitable supports, that bear on a stable concrete pad.
d) none of the above
a) Maximum tank capacity is 660 gallons.
Oil storage tanks (Indoor)
(Choose the CORRECT ANSWER)
a) The tank should be at least 5 feet from the oil burner or other flame source.
b) The tank should be equipped with an oil level gauge.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Oil storage tanks (outdoor Above ground)
(Choose the CORRECT ANSWER)
a) The tank should be at least 5 feet from the property line.
b) The tank should be equipped with an oil level gauge.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Oil storage tanks (Underground)
The tank should be at least 1 foot from the foundation and should be covered by at least 1 foot of soil.
True or False
True
Oil storage tanks Fill Pipes and Vent Pipes
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Oil fill pipes and vent pipes should be wrought iron, steel, or Schedule 40 brass pipe.
b) Oil fill piping should terminate outdoors at least 2 feet from any building opening at the same or lower level.
c) The current recommended fill pipe size is 2 inches; 1½ inches is considered adequate and is common with older tanks.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Abandoned Underground oil storage tank Inspection
Home inspectors practicing in areas where oil use is common may be expected to identify and report visible clues that could indicate the presence of an underground oil storage tank.
True or False
True
Typical Defects, Gas Storage and Piping Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a) improper or inadequate pipe support including improper and incompatible support material and improper spacing,
b) damaged pipe including crimping and significant rust,
c) improper protection of pipe against damage including punctures and corrosion,
d) absent or improperly installed mouse traps
d) absent or improperly installed sediment trap (not mouse traps)
Typical Defects, Oil Storage and Piping Typical defects that home inspectors should report include:
- damaged or deteriorated oil tank including significant rust,
- leaks or evidence of leaks from oil tank, pipes, or fittings,
- evidence of abandoned oil tank,
- improper or inadequate oil tank support,
- improper or poor oil tank location,
- oil fill pipe or vent in improper location, improperly installed, or damaged,
- absent fill pipe cap,
- damaged oil supply pipes including crimping,
- oil shutoff valve absent, in poor location, or improper valve type improper,
- oil tank not protected against freezing.
Puncture Protection Pipes installed through holes or notches, including
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) studs,
b) joists,
c) rafters
d) all of the above
Pipes should be protected against puncture by nails and screws by installing ______ __________ _________.
d) all of the above
Steel shield plates
Steel shield plates
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Closer than 1½ inches to the edge of the member
b) The shield plate should extend at least 2 inches above the bottom plate and below the top plate.
c) This does not apply to cast iron, black steel, and galvanized steel pipes.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Copper Tubing
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Type Κ has the thickest walls and is identified with green markings.
b) Type L has thinner walls than Type K and is identified with blue markings.
c) Type M has the thinnest walls and is identified with red markings.
d) Expected service life is between twenty years to over fifty years.
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Copper Tubing Connections (Galvanic Corrosion)
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Copper tubing should not be connected to iron and steel pipe and fittings without a dielectric fitting.
b) The term electrolysis is frequently used to describe this phenomenon.
c) Galvanic corrosion is the technically correct term that home inspectors should use.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Hose Connection Faucet
(Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) A yard hydrant is a hose connection valve that is self-supporting and installed away from buildings.
b) Hose connections that are subject to freezing should have a stop-and-waste valve;
c) An alternative to the stop-and-waste valve is the frost proof hose connection faucet.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Faucet flow (which is incorrect)
a) Sink faucets 2.2 gpm max flow rate
b) Shower heads 2.5 gpm max flow rate
c) Low functional flow at a sink faucet or shower head is often the result of a blocked duct or vent restrictor.
d) none of the above
c) Low flow is caused from…blocked aerator or flow restrictor. Not a blocked duct or vent restrictor.
Typical Defects, Faucets and Valves Typical defects that home inspectors should report include, EXCEPT:
a. loose faucet or valve,
b. damaged, rusted, or corroded faucet,
c. faucet tight and difficult to operate,
d. faucet or valve controls water temperature or flow over entire range of handle positions
d. report if faucet or valve DOES NOT control water temperature or flow
Typical Defects, Faucets and Valves Typical defects that home inspectors should report include, EXCEPT:
a. hot/cold control reversed,
b. diverter frozen in one position,
c. diverter diverts water flow but tub spout drips a bit
d. visible water leaks or leak evidence from rear of tub spout,
c) a little drip is okay and does not need to be reported
Bathtubs
The home inspector should step into the bathtub and report any significant deflection, especially the bottom.
(True or False)
True
Bathtubs (Choose the correct answer)
a) A bathtub should be equipped with a functioning water-tight drain stopper
b) Overflow Bathtubs should be equipped with an overflow opening near the top of the bathtub above the drain.
c) Some bathtub, especially those made from fiberglass, may not have an overflow. The home inspector should report this condition
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Shower size (Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) the minimum shower size is a circle with a diameter of not less than 30 inches and a floor area of not less than 900 square inches.
b) The minimum dimension may be not less than 25 inches IF the compartment area is not less than 1,300 square inches
c) If a curb exists, it should be not more than 5 inches tall measured to the top of the drain.
d) It should slope uniformly toward the drain at not less than ¼ inch per foot and not more than ½ inch per foot
c) not more than 9 inches, NOT 5….
Shower walls (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) should be covered with a non-absorbent surface.
b) The non-absorbent surface should extend at least 72 inches above the shower floor. Vertical seams in tile and seams between the tile and a tub should be caulked.
c) The window should contain safety glazing if the bottom of the glazing is less than 60 inches above the shower pan.
d) Water-resistant (green) drywall is allowed on shower walls.
d) Water-resistant (green) drywall is NO LONGER allowed on shower walls.
Shower Doors and Glass surrounds
a) All glazing in and around showers should be safety glazing
b) The minimum clear horizontal distance in front of a shower door should be at least 24 inches. The minimum opening width is 22 inches.
c) Weep holes in the lower track should not be blocked.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Typical Defects, Bathtubs and showers Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. absent, damaged, or deteriorated grout and caulk
b. bathtub bottom or shower floor flexes, is cracked, or otherwise physically damaged
c. glass surround or window in shower not safety glazing
d. shower handle is made of glazed drywall
d) shower handle is made of glazed drywall
NOTE: IF SHOWER HANDLE IS LOOSE or MISSING, report that.
Typical Defects, Bathtubs and showers Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. whirlpool bathtub pump does not operate, access absent, too small, or not functional
b. whirlpool bathtub return jets stuck or absent, suction cover absent,
c. loose valves, riser, or arm
d. shower area too big, ceiling height too tall
d. shower area too big, ceiling height too tall
REPORT if shower area too small, ceiling height too low
Typical Defects, Bathtubs and showers Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. stuck or leaking diverter
b. inadequate functional flow or functional drainage
c. bathtub or shower floor does not slope toward drain
d. bathtub has a rubber ducky in it
d. bathtub has a rubber ducky in it
Typical Defects, sinks Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. sink or countertop dirty or has crayon marks
b. pop-up stopper does not open or close or does so improperly
c. no stopper or other obstruction installed in the drain outlet,
d. pedestal sink components not fastened together, or are loose.
a) dirty sink, crayon marks
REPORT IF SINK NOT level, sink DOES NOT fully drain
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) The flush valve is usually a flapper style valve.
b) A tower style flush valve has a cup that fits over the opening.
c) water leaking into the bowl is often caused by a worn, improperly installed, or improper size flush valve.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) The overflow tube allows water to flow into the bowl instead of flowing out from the tank if the fill valve malfunctions.
b) The fill valve assembly consists of the fill valve (ball cock) that allows water to refill the tank after flushing, a ball or float which rises as the water level rises to close the fill valve, and a fill tube that runs between the fill valve and the overflow tube.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
Drainage
a) A toilet drain outlet (closet flange) should be at least 3 inches in diameter.
b) The closet flange is connected to a fixture drain (soil) pipe that should usually not be more than 12 feet long. c) A toilet has an external trap.
d) all of the above
c) A toilet has an INTERNAL trap.
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals
Water Supply
A toilet water supply consists of a stop valve and usually a flexible water connector.
(True or False)
True
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
Working Space.
a) At least 17 inches should be available in front of a toilet.
b) At least 15 inches should be available on each side of the toilet.
c) The minimum bathroom ceiling height is 84 inches so anything less may need evaluation.
d) all of the above
a) At least 21 (not 17) inches should be available in front of a toilet.
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
Bidets share some sink standards and some toilet standards.
a) An air gap or other backflow prevention device should protect the water supply.
b) A temperature limiting device should limit the water temperature to 110° F.
c) Drainage is the same as for a bathroom sink.
d) Working space is different from toilets.
d) Working space is THE SAME AS toilets.
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals Typical Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. floor hard around toilet,
b. loose toilet bowl or tank,
c. loose, broken, or otherwise not operating properly flush handle, flush arm, or chain,
d. water runs constantly into the bowl,
a) floor SOFT (not hard) around toilet should be reported
Typical Drilled Well Components (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The service life of a well pump can be as few as four to six years if the well is in sandy soil or if the water is unusually acidic or alkaline. It could be as long as fifteen to twenty years.
b) A pitless adapter is installed near the top of the casing but underground below the frost line.
c) A pressure tank is the buffer in the well system that extends the service life of the pump.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Drilled Well Components (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The service life of a well pump can be as few as four to six years if the well is in sandy soil or if the water is unusually acidic or alkaline. It could be as long as fifteen to twenty years.
b) A pitless adapter is installed near the top of the casing but underground below the frost line.
c) A pressure tank is the buffer in the well system that extends the service life of the pump.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Drilled Well Components (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
Precharged tank, also called a captive air tank.
a) A precharged tank uses an air bladder or a diaphragm to separate the air and water.
b) A steel tank has bucky ball magnets between the air and the water.
c) The air in steel tanks tends to be absorbed into the water or tends to leak out from the tank. When this happens the tank is described as waterlogged.
d) A pressure switch is installed near the pressure tank in the water service pipe.
b) A steel tank has nothing between the air and the water.
Typical Drilled Well Components (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Other devices are usually installed near the pressure tank.
b) These include a pressure gauge, a drain valve to drain the pressure tank, and a check valve to keep water in the pressure tank from flowing back down into the well.
c) A cistern is a vessel for storing waste water.
d) none of the above
c) A cistern is a vessel for storing water.
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals Typical Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. fill valve below water
b. water level in tank improperly set (there is usually a line inside the tank)
c. wooden toilet seat
d. inadequate functional flow or functional drainage
c. absent, loose, or physically damaged toilet seat should be reported (not wooden)
Toilets, Bidets, Urinals Typical Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a. flush valve does not close or seal after flush
b. tank slow to fill after flush
c. fill tube inserted in tank water (instead of in overflow tube)
d. flush strong or fast
d. REPORT IF flush weak or slow or toilet clogged, not if strong or fast.
Relief Valve and Discharge Pipe (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) The TPR valve may not sense temperature correctly if the sensor is not within the first 6 inches from the top of the tank.
b) The pipe should be the same diameter as the TPR valve opening.
c) either a or b
d) none of the above
c) either a or b
Thermal Expansion Devices (choose the INCORRECT answer)
Three devices are available that allow the water to expand without damaging the water distribution system:
a) a thermal expansion tank,
b) a thermal expansion valve that is drained to an internal receptor or to the outdoors,
c) a thermal expansion valve that is integrated into potable water.
d) none of the above
c) a TOILET FILL VALVE, not potable water
Typical Defects, All water Heaters Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) physically damaged cabinet
b) water temperature too high
c) hot water has no odor
d) none of the above
c) hot water has FOUL ODOR
Typical Defects, storage Tank water Heaters (All Types) Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) unstable tank or tank support,
b) ignition source not raised in garage,
c) tank not strapped in areas where this is required,
d) absent or incorrectly installed drain pan and pipe,
e) absent access covers,
f) thermal expansion device installed when not recommended
f) SHOULD BE: thermal expansion device IS NOT installed when recommended
Typical Defects, Gas and oil storage Tank water Heaters Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a) flue baffle collapsed into combustion chamber
b) water heater noisy when operating
c) inadequate combustion air
d) plastic pipe connected directly to water heater
e) gas control valve off or cold
e) gas control valve damaged or temperature control not functioning properly, NOT OFF OR COLD
Typical Defects, Electric storage Tank water Heaters Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a) visible scorching at power supply connections or at access covers,
b) grounding wire not connected to cabinet,
c) improperly installed electricity supply wiring method.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Bends (choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Drainage quarter bends are available as long turn or short turn; these are also called long sweep and short sweep
b) Quarter bends are also available as vent fittings.
c) Short turn may change flow direction from horizontal to vertical and vertical to horizontal in pipes 2 inches diameter and larger
c) Short turn… in pipes 3 inches (not 2 inches) diameter and larger
Cleanout (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Horizontal drainage pipes and building drains should have a cleanout located not more than every 100 feet.
b) Horizontal drainage pipes, building drains, and building sewers that change direction more than 45° should have a cleanout located near the direction change.
c) Only one cleanout needs to be installed every 40 feet if more than one direction change occurs within 40 feet.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Cleanout (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) The cleanout should be the same size or larger than the pipes served. There should be at least 18 inches clearance perpendicular to the cleanout so that the plumber can open the cleanout and operate the snake.
b) The building sewer cleanout should be located within 10 feet from the junction of the building drain and building sewer.
c) This junction is within 3 feet from the foundation.
d) Building sewers longer than 100 feet should have a cleanout at least every 100 feet.
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Cleanout (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Horizontal drainage pipes and building drains should have a cleanout located not more than every 100 feet.
b) Horizontal drainage pipes, building drains, and building sewers that change direction more than 45° should have a cleanout located near the direction change.
c) Only one cleanout needs to be installed every 40 feet if more than one direction change occurs within 40 feet.
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Typical Defects, DWV Pipes and Fittings Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) pipe slope level or slopes toward source of flow (counter sloped),
b) pipe slope excessive, mostly 3 inch and larger pipes,
c) pipe supports too close together
d) pipe supports incompatible with the pipe or not adequate to support the pipe,
c) pipe supports too close together
if pipe supports are too far apart, then you should report that.
Typical Defects, DWV Pipes and Fittings Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) different type pipes not properly connected,
b) nail hammered into the wall above the toilet
c) saddle fitting installed,
d) pipes not protected against puncture, corrosion, or breakage
b) nail hammered into the wall
report if hole drilled into pipe
Typical Defects, DWV Pipes and Fittings Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) pipe blocked or draining slowly
b) cleanouts are not installed where recommended
c) access to cleanouts blocked or inadequate clearance to obstructions
d) access to cleanout has a welcome home sign
d) access to cleanout has a WELCOME HOME sign
Typical Defects, Traps and Fixture Drains Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) prohibited trap or fixture drain type
b) fixture drain too long or too short (crown venting)
c) fixture drain connection above trap weir
d) fixture drain slopes up toward connection
c) fixture drain connection should be BELOW, not above trap weir
Plumbing Vents (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Plumbing fixtures that have been added or moved are often improperly vented.
b) A vent pipe termination should extend at least 12 inches above the roof or above the local snow accumulation depth, whichever is greater.
c) A vent pipe longer than 40 feet developed length should be increased by one nominal pipe size(a 1½ inch pipe would be increased over the entire vent pipe length to 1¼ inches).
d) none of the above
b) A vent pipe termination should extend at least 6 INCHES (NOT 12) above the roof or above the local snow accumulation depth, whichever is greater.
Plumbing Vents (Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Common Vent: A common vent system protects two fixtures of any type that are located on the same floor level.
b) Wet Vent: A wet vent system protects fixtures from as many as two bathroom groups that are located on the same floor level.
c) Circuit Vent: A circuit vent system is similar to a wet vent except that a circuit vent protects up to five fixtures of any type that are located on the same floor level.
d) Island Fixture (Loop) Vent An island fixture vent protects only sinks. This vent is sometimes called a loop vent.
c) a circuit vent protects up to EIGHT (NOT 5) fixtures of any type that are located on the same floor level.
Typical Defects, Plumbing Vents Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) vent pipe developed length too short
b) improperly supported horizontal vent pipe
c) pipe supports incompatible with the pipe or not adequate to support the pipe
d) improper connection between different pipe types
a) vent pipe developed length too LONG, not too short
Typical Defects, Plumbing Vents Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) vent supports other components
b) improperly installed vent system
c) improperly installed AAV
d) check vent installed in other than a condominium
d) other than a MANUFACTURED HOME, NOT A CONDOMINIUM.
Typical Defects, Plumbing Vents Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) vent pipe in basement does not terminate through the floor
b) vent exterior termination in an improper location, too close to the roof, or too small (cold climates)
c) leak at vent termination
d) improperly installed, absent, or deteriorated vent termination flashing.
a) vent pipe in ATTIC does not terminate through the ROOF, not basement through floor.
Septic System Components (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) The drain field usually consists of trenches that are about 3 feet wide, 2 to 3 feet deep, and spaced about 9 feet apart.
b) The soil must allow the water to flow through it at a minimum rate. This rate is called the percolation (perc) rate.
c) The service life of a septic system depends on several factors including proper use, regular maintenance, quality of the installation, and soil types in the drain field.
d) All of the above
d) all of the above
Sewage Ejectors, Backwater Valves, Sump Pumps
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The pit should be at least 18 inches diameter and 24 inches deep and should be installed on a solid and level base.
b) The minimum size discharge pipe is 3 inches.
c) The minimum size vent pipe is 1¼ inches.
d) An air admittance valve may not be used to vent a sewage ejector.
b) The minimum size discharge pipe is 2 INCHES (not 3). The minimum size vent pipe is 1¼ inches.
Typical Defects, Sewage Ejectors Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) discharge pipe does not properly connect to the gravity drainage pipe
b) unsealed sewage ejector sump pit
c) leaks or evidence of leaks around sump pit,
d) power failure alarm installed
e) unusually noisy pump during operation
f) pump activates but nothing flows
d) power failure alarm, if installed, report if it DOES NOT FUNCTION
Typical Defects, Sump Pumps Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) discharge pipe not an approved type
b) pump doesn’t move when activated
c) staining or other evidence of overflow around sump pit
d) power failure alarm, if installed, does not function
e) unusually noisy pump during operation
f) pump activates but nothing flows
b) report if PUMP MOVES when activated or is not secured
Flexible Appliance Connectors (FAC)
A few brass-colored FAC manufactured in the 1970s are still in service. These FAC are a known leak hazard. The home inspector should recommend immediate replacement of these FAC.
(True or False)
True
Gas Shutoff Valves (Choose the CORRECT answer)
a) Gas pipes and tubing, other than black steel, should be protected against physical damage when installed through holes or notches in framing.
b) An accessible shutoff valve should be installed outdoors so that the gas can be shut off to each building.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
c) both a) and b)
Propane Tanks
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Typical above ground tank location should be between 10 and 25 feet to the house and to the property line, depending on the capacity of the tank,
b) at least 10 feet from an ignition source, or mechanical air intake.
c) at least 20 feet from the house, or mechanical air intake.
c) Cylinders should be at least 10 feet from an ignition source or a mechanical air intake.
c) at least 10 feet from the house, or mechanical air intake.
Oil Storage Tanks (Fill Pipes and Vent Pipes)
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Oil vent piping should terminate outdoors at least 2 feet from any building opening at the same or lower level.
b) The vent pipe should terminate in a weatherproof cap or fitting at least as large as the vent pipe.
c) The vent termination should be close to the fill pipe so the delivery person can hear the vent alarm (vent whistle) to help determine when the tank is full.
d) The current minimum vent pipe size is 2¼ inches, which is considered adequate.
d) The current minimum vent pipe size is 1¼ inches (NOT 2-1/4), which is considered adequate.
Typical Defects, Gas Storage and Piping Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a) gas outlet does not extend far enough through a wall or floor,
b) absent, damaged, or improper type shutoff valve,
c) improper type of Teflon tape (white) used at threaded fitting,
d) gas flame is lit
d) gas leak, not gas flame
Typical Defects, Gas Storage and Piping Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a) CSST bend radius too large
b) CSST connected to a movable appliance
c) improperly installed flexible appliance connector
d) improperly labeled copper gas tubing
a) CSST bend radius too SMALL, not too large
Typical Defects, Gas Storage and Piping Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:
a) gas meter or regulator installed in improper location
b) damaged or deteriorated propane tank including significant rust
c) improperly supported propane tank
d) a blister on your hand
d) a blister on your hand
