Cooling System

Question 1

Cooling system components that are in scope of a home inspection includes:

a) The air handler, evaporator coil, refrigerant tubes, condenser, and related components.
b) the disposal tubes, auxiliary drain pans, and standard filters.
c) Special filters, such as electrostatic filters, and air purifiers (sanitation devices)
d) ultraviolet lights

Answer 1

a) The air handler, evaporator coil, refrigerant tubes, condenser, and related components.
Note: Special filters and ultraviolet lights are out of scope

Question 2

Air conditioning defined includes:

a) Cooling and humidification
b) Cooling, humidification and ventilation
c) Heating, cooling, humidification, dehumidification, ventilation, and air filtration
d) Heating cooling, ventilation, and air filtration

Answer 2

c) Heating, cooling, humidification, dehumidification, ventilation, and air filtration

Question 3

Air conditioning system (central) includes:

a) An air handler or a furnace
b) An evaporator coil
c) A condenser unit
d) all of the above

that cools a house by removing heat from the house and moving the heat outside.

AKA: Heat pump and Split system.

Answer 3

d) all of the above

Question 4

Air handler is the inside unit of a heat pump that contains

a) a fan
b) evaporator coil
c) associated control and operating parts
d) all of the above

AKA: Fuel-fired Forced Air Furnace.

Answer 4

d) all of the above

Question 5

Boot (HVAC distribution system) is a sheet metal formed

a) into a rectangle or circle that connects an air duct to a grille or a register.
b) into a hexagon that connects an air duct to a grille or a register.
c) into a ball bearing that catapults through a tube into a grille or a register.
d) none of the above.

AKA: Stack head.

Answer 5

a) into a rectangle or circle that connects an air duct to a grille or a register.

Question 6

British thermal unit (Btu) defined as:

a) The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1° Fahrenheit
b) the size or cooling capacity of an air conditioning system.
c) amount in Tons (of refrigeration)
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

Answer 6

d) all of the above

Question 7

Collar (duct) is:

A sheet metal ring to which a duct is attached

a) at a plenum
b) at a trunk duct
c) BOTH a) and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 7

c) BOTH a) and b)

Question 8

Compressor is

a) part of an air conditioning or heat pump condenser unit;
b) a device that compresses the gas refrigerant into superheated gas,
c) provides the energy to move a refrigerant through the cooling system.
d) All of the above

Answer 8

d) all of the above

Question 9

What is the Water that condenses into liquid when heat is removed from the air flowing over the evaporator coil called?

This water must be disposed of in an appropriate manner; significant amounts of water can be produced in humid environments. __________ is also produced when heat is removed from combustion gasses in the heat exchanger of a high efficiency furnace or boiler.

Answer 9

Condensate

Question 10

Condenser (coils) are part of an air conditioning or heat pump condenser unit; these are the tubes (coils)

a) inside the condenser unit
b) around the perimeter of the condenser unit
c) underneath the condenser unit
d) in your mama’s kitchen :)

Answer 10

b) around the perimeter of the condenser unit

Question 11

The outside unit of a split air conditioning or heat pump system consisting of a compressor, condenser coils, a fan, and associated control and operating parts is called:

a) Water purifier
b) Evaporator
c) Condenser unit
d) Radiator

Answer 11

c) Condenser (unit)

Question 12

Dampers (HVAC duct system) are:

a) a plate or louvers installed in a duct system that permits control of how much air flows in a duct;
b) controlled manually or by a motor.
c) one method of installing a zoned system where one HVAC system is controlled by two or more thermostats (motor controlled).
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

Answer 12

d) all of the above

Question 13

a duct that runs between a trunk duct or a plenum and one supply or return boot is called a duct ________.

Answer 13

branch

Question 14

a (usually) sheet metal duct that runs in a wall cavity; it terminates in a stack head instead of a boot is called a duct __________.

Answer 14

stack

Question 15

A large duct that serves multiple branch ducts is called a duct ________.

Answer 15

trunk

Question 16

Evaporator coil is

a) located in a heat pump system only
b) this device is located in the air handler of a heat pump
c) attached to a furnace before the combustion chamber;
d) an evaporator coil should not be located after a furnace combustion chamber because the moist air from the evaporator coil may damage the furnace.

Answer 16

b) this device is located in the air handler of a heat pump

Question 17

Evaporative (swamp) cooler is :

a) a type of cooling system that reduces air temperature by pulling air through media soaked with water;
b) these systems are commonly used in dry climates and are still popular in the west.
c) all of the above
d) none of the above

Answer 17

a) reduces air temp by pulling air through media soaked with water.

Question 18

Exhaust is air removed from a specific location by (choose the best answer)

a) mechanical means
b) electrical means
c) either electrical or mechanical means
d) none of the above

Note: examples include bathroom exhaust fans, kitchen exhaust fans, and clothes dryers.

Answer 18

a) mechanical means

Question 19

A Grille is a

a) cover with louvers or perforations that are not adjustable
b) cover that may or may not be closed;
c) cover that never covers a return air opening but may cover a supply air opening.
d) all of the above

Answer 19

a) cover with louvers or perforations that are not adjustable

Question 20

Heat pump is a heating and air conditioning system that: (choose the best answer)

a) removes heat from inside a house in cooling mode
b) moves heat from outside the house to inside the house in heating mode
c) also called Air handler and Condenser (unit).
d) all of the above

Answer 20

d) all of the above

Question 21

Heat seasonal performance factor (HSPF): (choose the best answer)

a) a measure of the efficiency of a heat pump in heating mode
b) obtained by dividing the heating input of a system over a heating season by the electric energy used;
c) HSPF ratings range between about two and six.
d) none of the above

Answer 21

a) a measure of the efficiency of a heat pump in heating mode

Note:
HSPF rating is divided by heating output, not input
HSPF ratings range between 7 and 10

Question 22

HVAC:

What do the letters stand for?

Answer 22

an abbreviation meaning heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; this is a common abbreviation used to describe cooling and heating systems.

Question 23

Latent load is: (Choose the best answer)

a) usually more in a desert location than in a coastal location
b) also called Sensitive load
c) the amount of water vapor that an air conditioning system must remove from the air inside a house before the system can begin removing sensible load heat
d) Contributors to latent load include activities such as people washing a car.

Answer 23

c) the amount of water vapor that an AC system must remove from the air inside a house before the system can begin removing sensible load heat.

Note:
Latent load is usually LESS in a desert location than coastal location
AKA SensiBLE load
Contributors to latent load include people breathing, showering, cooking, and and air infiltration from the outside;

Question 24

Line set (refrigerant): (choose the best answer)

a) the line set consists of the liquid line and the fan
b) the tubes in which refrigerant flows between the condenser and the evaporator coil in an air conditioning and heat pump;
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 24

b) the tubes in which refrigerant flows between the condenser and the evaporator coil in an air conditioning and heat pump;

Note:
the line set consists of the liquid line and the suction line.

Question 25

Liquid line (tube) is part of the refrigerant line set; the larger, usually polyvinyl coated tube.

(True or False)

Answer 25

False

part of the refrigerant line set; the SMALLER, usually uninsulated, COPPER tube.

Question 26

Package (air conditioning) system is:

an air conditioning system or heat pump in which an evaporator coil and fan are contained in one cabinet; package units are usually located outside on the ground or on the roof, but may be located inside.

(True or False)

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Plenum: (choose the best answer)

a) a plenum supplies air to or receives air from the outside;
b) an enclosed space through which air flows in an air conditioning system
c) a plenum is usually installed in a separate panel from the furnace
d) a distribution plenum is a plenum that receives air from the outside and distributes the air to branch ducts.

Answer 27

b) an enclosed space through which air flows in an air conditioning system

NOTES:
A plenum supplies air to or receives air from the BRANCH DUCTS
Usually installed on the SUPPLY side and RETURN side of a furnace and air handler
a distribution plenum is a plenum that receives air from the air handler and distributes the air to branch ducts.

Question 28

Radiant cooling is: (choose the best answer)

a) a cooling system that circulates cool liquid through pipes
b) pipes are never installed in the floor
c) they are not recommended for low humidity environments; these systems are uncommon in houses, but are sometimes encountered in adobe houses.
d) Also known as Contrast Hydroactive heating.

Answer 28

a) Radiant cooling is a cooling system that circulates cool liquid through pipes

NOTES:
are often installed in the ceiling, but MAY BE installed in the floor
AKA: Contrast Hydronic heating
these systems only address the sensible load, not recommended for high humidity environments;

Question 29

Refrigerant (coolant) IS: (Choose the best answer)

a) the substance that flows through an air conditioning and heat pump system liquid and suction tubes
b) this substance was Freon (R-22) in older systems, but because of its negative environmental effects Freon has been phased out of production
c) the current refrigerant is R-410A
d) all of the above

Answer 29

d) all of the above

Question 30

Register is:

a) a register usually covers a supply air opening.
b) Also called a Contrast Grille
c) a cover with louvers or perforations that are adjustable or have a damper that may be opened and closed
d) all of the above

Answer 30

d) all of the above

Question 31

Schrader valves are valves at a condenser unit where technicians attach a gauge set to measure pressures in the refrigerant lines; similar to valves on automobile tires.

(True or False)

Answer 31

True

Question 32

SEER (seasonal energy efficiency ratio) is: (choose the best answer)

a) a measure of the efficiency of a cooling system and a measure of the efficiency of a heat pump in heating mode
b) obtained by dividing the cooling output of a system over a cooling season by the electric energy used
c) the minimum allowed SEER is currently 8 for most of the United States, and the maximum available is around 16;
d) older systems may have SEERs of 5 or less. These ratings may be different in some states.

Answer 32

b) obtained by dividing the cooling output of a system over a cooling season by the electric energy used

NOTES:
a) a measure of the efficiency of a cooling system and a measure of the efficiency of a heat pump in COOLING mode

c) the minimum allowed is 14
and the maximum available is around 20

d) older systems may have SEERs of 10 or less.

Question 33

Sensible load: (choose the best answer)

a) the amount of heat energy that an air conditioning system must remove from the air inside a home because of the humidity of the air
b) contributors to sensible load include heat gain through walls and ceilings, solar heat gain through windows, equipment operation such as ovens and lights
c) sensible load is usually lesser in a southern location than in a northern location.
d) also called Comparable Latent load.

Answer 33

b) contributors to sensible load include heat gain through walls and ceilings, solar heat gain through windows, equipment operation such as ovens and lights

NOTES:

a) the amount of heat energy that an air conditioning system must remove from the air inside a home because of the TEMPERATURE of the air,
c) sensible load is usually greater in a southern location than in a northern location.
d) AKA Contrast Latent load

Question 34

Split (air conditioning) system is:

an air conditioning system or heat pump in which an evaporator coil and fan are located outside and a condenser unit is located inside; this is the most common type of air conditioning system.

(True or False)

Answer 34

False

coil and fan are located INSIDE and a condenser unit is located OUTSIDE.

Question 35

Stack head (HVAC distribution system):

sheet metal formed into a triangle that connects a stack duct to a grille or a register.

(True or False)

Answer 35

FALSE

sheet metal formed into a rectangle or circle

Question 36

Suction line (tube) is: (choose the best answer)

a) part of the refrigerant line set
b) part of the heating system
c) the smaller, uninsulated polyvinyl tube
d) Also called: Tube set

Answer 36

a) part of the refrigerant line set

NOTES:
The larger, insulated copper tube.
Also called: LINE set (refrigerant).

Question 37

Ton (of refrigeration): (choose the best answer)

a) a measure of the size or cooling capacity of an air conditioning system equal to 8,000 Btu per hour;
b) a 3-ton air conditioning system has a cooling capacity of 24,000 Btu.
c) Also called British thermal unit (Btu)
d) all of the above

Answer 37

C) Also called Btu

NOTES:

a) a measure of the size or cooling capacity of an air conditioning system equal to 12,000 Btu per hour
b) a 3-ton air conditioning system has a cooling capacity of 36,000 Btu.

Question 38

Ventilation: (choose the best answer)

a) The process of removing outside air to a house or supplying inside air to a house by natural or mechanical means
b) ventilation cannot be from random and uncontrolled (air leaks)
c) ventilation can be designed and controlled
d) none of the above

Answer 38

c) can be designed and controlled (outside air ducts, heat recovery ventilators, energy recovery ventilators)

Notes:
The process of SUPPLYING outside air to a house or REMOVING inside air from a house by natural or mechanical means;
Ventilation CAN be random and uncontrolled (air leaks),

Question 39

Air Conditioning Equipment: (choose the best answer)

a) Some central equipment is contained in the same cabinet and is often called a cabinet system.
b) All central equipment uses large, low velocity ducts
c) are the Window units, through-wall units, and a newer classification known as the mini-split.

Answer 39

c) are the Window units, through-wall units, and a newer classification known as the mini-split.

NOTES:

2. Some central equipment is contained in the same cabinet and is often called a PACKAGE system, not CABINET system.
3. Most central equipment uses large, low velocity ducts BUT A few use smaller, high velocity ducts.

Question 40

How ACs work: (choose the best answer)

a) Cooler air is lighter than hotter air.
b) Matter in a gas state has less heat energy than the same matter in a liquid state, and the same matter in a liquid state has less heat energy than the same matter in a solid state.
c) It takes a lot more energy to change matter from one state to another than it does to raise the temperature of matter within a state (latent heat)

Answer 40

c) It takes a lot more energy to change matter from one state to another than it does to raise the temperature of matter within a state (latent heat)

NOTES:

a) Hotter air is lighter than cooler air and will rise (stack effect).
b) Matter in a gas state has MORE heat energy than the same matter in a liquid state, and the same matter in a liquid state has MORE heat energy than the same matter in a solid state.

Question 41

AC (Cooling Cycle) (Choose the best answer)

a) If you measure the liquid line temperature at the condenser unit, the liquid should be a few degrees cooler than the outside air temperature.
b) The metering device increases the liquid temperature and pressure and some of the liquid flashes into a gas.
c) Modern standard efficiency air conditioning systems are thermostatic expansion valves (TXV or TEV). These metering devices use a tube and sensor bulb containing CO2 to control the refrigerant flow and is called an equalizer.
d) In lower efficiency units, this device may be an electronic expansion valve (EEV).

Answer 41

c) Modern standard efficiency air conditioning systems are thermostatic expansion valves (TXV or TEV). These metering devices use a tube and sensor bulb containing CO2 to control the refrigerant flow.

NOTES:
Liquid line temperature should be a few degrees WARMER than the outside air.
The metering device REDUCES the liquid temperature and pressure
d) In HIGHER efficiency units, this device may be an (EEV).

Question 42

The Heat Pump Heating Cycle

a) The repeating valve inside the condenser cabinet is energized to repeat the refrigerant flow for heating mode
b) The gas leaving the air handler coil should be a few degrees cooler than the inside air temperature.
c) The high pressure warm liquid refrigerant enters a metering device in the condenser. The metering device reduces the liquid temperature and pressure
d) all of the above

Answer 42

c) The high pressure warm liquid refrigerant enters a metering device in the condenser. The metering device reduces the liquid temperature and pressure

NOTES:
The REVERSING (not repeating) valve inside the condenser cabinet is energized to REVERSE the refrigerant flow for heating mode
b) The gas leaving the air handler coil should be a few degrees WARMER than the inside air temperature.

Question 43

System Capacity Determination (choose the best answer)

a) The Manual J calculation estimates the latent and sensible loads for a house
b) Home inspectors, and some HVAC contractors, use general rules to estimate air conditioning capacity.
c) The problem with these general rules is that they often produce significantly inaccurate results because it is difficult to accurately adjust for the characteristics of each house.
d) all of the above

Answer 43

d) all of the above

Question 44

Inspecting Systems (choose the ONE scenario that does NOT apply)

a) There are two tasks. One is a visual observation of the system. The other is operating the system using normal operating controls (the thermostat).
b) If the home inspector elects not to open access panels for whatever reason, the home inspector should report that the appliance interior was not inspected but does not need to state the reason why.
c) The visual system observation also involves opening access panels that are provided for homeowner inspection and maintenance, and that are not sealed in place.
d) The term “provided for homeowner inspection and maintenance” is subject to interpretation. The term “not sealed in place” is also subject to interpretation

Answer 44

b) If the home inspector elects not to open access panels for whatever reason, the home inspector should report that the appliance interior was not inspected and SHOULD STATE the reason why.

OTHER NOTABLE ISSUES:

1. The home inspector may also elect not to operate a system if environmental conditions are not favorable. the home inspector should report if the system is not operated and state the reason why.
2. Operating an air conditioner when the outside temperature is below about 60° F. involves two risks. One risk is damaging the system by slugging the compressor or by operating the system at a temperature where ice forms on the evaporator coils. The other risk is obtaining inaccurate or misleading test results
3. Slugging the compressor means that the coolant is in a liquid state rather than a gas state when it enters the compressor
4. Because the compressor is designed to compress gas, having liquid in the compressor can damage the compressor to the extent that replacement is required
5. The 60° F temperature is not an absolute number
6. temperature drop can be an inaccurate indicator of air conditioning system performance, and it can be more so when the system is operating outside of normal operating temperatures.

Question 45

Operating Systems
The home inspector should look for and listen for typical defects.
(True or False)

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Operating Heat Pumps (choose the best answer)

a) operating any air conditioning system in cooling mode below about 65° F. should be done with caution.
b) operating a heat pump in heating mode above about 85° F. should be done with caution.
c) heat pumps are not efficient or effective below about 30° F., so backup (emergency) heating coils (strips) or some other heating appliances are installed in climates that often experience below freezing temperatures.
d) none of the above

Answer 46

c) heat pumps are not efficient or effective below about 30° F., so backup (emergency) heating coils (strips) or some other heating appliances are installed in climates that often experience below freezing temperatures.

NOTES:
Cooling mode below 60F
Heating Mode above 80F

Question 47

Inspecting Package Systems: (Choose the best answer)

a) A package system may be an air conditioning system and a gas-fired furnace, in which case it is often called a furnace pack.
b) Roof mounted systems are usually supported on wood platforms that should be secured to the roof.
c) Ground-mounted systems should be installed on a firm base similar to a condenser.
d) all of the above

Answer 47

c) Ground-mounted systems should be installed on a firm base similar to a condenser.

Note:

a) AKA GAS pack.
b) Roof-mounted systems are usually supported on RUST-RESISTANT ANGLE IRON that should be adequately secured to the roof.

Question 48

Inspecting Window Units and Through-Wall Units
Through-wall and similar units are considered permanently installed and as such are in scope of a home inspection. (Choose the best answer)

a) Inspecting these units involves looking for evidence of water infiltration around the unit and looking for damage and deterioration.
b) These units often have self cleaning filters.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 48

a) Inspecting these units involves looking for evidence of water infiltration around the unit and looking for damage and deterioration.

NOTE:
b) these units have WASHABLE filters which are RARELY CLEANED and may be significantly reducing air flow.

Question 49

Inspecting Replacement Condensers (choose the best answer)

a) The service life of a condenser unit can be as short as 2 years in a salt water environment.
b) The typical condenser unit service life is around 9 years. The typical service life of an evaporator coil/furnace/air handler is usually closer to 15 years or more.
c) Replacement condenser units usually require more electricity and usually have larger maximum overcurrent protection device (OPD) ratings
d) Verify that the correct OPD has been installed for all condensers, and especially for replacement condensers.

Answer 49

d) Verify that the correct OPD has been installed for all condensers, and especially for replacement condensers.

NOTES:

a) 5 years in salt water
b) Typical condenser life is 15 years and Evap Coil/Furnace/Air Handler is about 20 years
c) Replacement units require LESS electricity and usually have SMALLER maximum OPD ratings

Question 50

Inspecting Mini-Split Systems (choose the best answer)

a) Home inspectors may wish to consider reminding clients in the report that home inspections do not confirm installation according to manufacturer’s instructions.
b) These units often have washable and disposable filters which are rarely cleaned or replaced and may be significantly reducing air flow.
c) both a) and b)
d) None of the above

Answer 50

c) both a) and b)

Question 51

Inspecting Evaporative (Swamp) Coolers (choose the best answer)

a) The evaporative cooler water supply does not need to be protected with a backflow prevention device
b) some standards of practice require the home inspector to report components that are near the end of their service life
c) Year of manufacture is the only factor in determining if a component may be near the end of its service life
d) It is safe to assume that the manufacture date of the condenser is the same as the furnace/air handler.

Answer 51

b) some standards of practice require the home inspector to report components that are near the end of their service life.

Notes:

a) The evaporative cooler water supply SHOULD BE protected with a backflow prevention device.
c) Year of manufacture is not the only determining factor in discerning service life
d) Do NOT assume date of condenser is the same as the furnace/air handler.

Question 52

Temperature Drop Inspection (Choose the ONE number below that is INCORRECT)

a) Higher air temperature and humidity will decrease the temperature drop that you measure
b) When an air conditioner removes heat from the air, some of the energy is used to condense the water in the air from a gaseous state to a liquid state (latent load/latent heat)
d) When you measure temperature drop across the evaporator coil, you are measuring the heat energy removed from the air (sensible load)
d) You are measuring the energy required to condense water vapor from the air (latent load)

Answer 52

d) You are NOT measuring the energy required to condense water vapor from the air (latent load)

NOTES:

1. Home inspectors should not report that a normal temperature drop measurement indicates the system is operating as intended.
2. Many home inspectors believe that dry climate temperature drops in the 18° to 24° F. range and humid climate temperature drops in the 15° to 20° F are normal.

Question 53

Service Access Inspection (which is inaccurate)

a) Appliances should be accessible for service and replacement.
b) minimum finished attic access opening size is 20”x30”
c) minimum finished crawl space access opening size is 22”x30”.
d) Appliances located in attics and crawl spaces should be located within 12 feet from the access opening.

Answer 53

d) Appliances located in attics and crawl spaces should be located within 12 feet from the access opening

should be located within 20 feet from the access opening.

NOTES:

1. A level service space at least 30” wide by 30” deep should be provided in front of all parts of the appliances that require service
2. A 24” wide passageway covered by floor sheathing should lead from the attic access door to the appliance service space in the attic.

Question 54

Typical Reportable Defects, Evaporator Coil - Split System (which is unreportable)

a) Inadequate support for evaporator coil or furnace/air handler
b) Evaporator coil/air handler not level.
c) Evaporator coil condensate tray deteriorated, dirty, blocked, or leaking.
d) Openings in evaporator coil sealed.

Answer 54

d) Openings in evaporator coil sealed.

If opening in evaporator coil is NOT SEALED, it needs to be reported.

OTHER REPORTABLE ISSUES:

1. Poor sealing between the evaporator coil and furnace/air handler and the between the evaporator coil and the supply plenum.
2. Evaporator coil located before the furnace instead of after the furnace.
3. Evaporator coil different Btu rating from the condenser unit.
4. Evaporator coil blocked by dirt and fungus: the evaporator coil may not be accessible during the inspection, so this defect may be difficult to see.
5. Icing at evaporator coil.

Question 55

Typical Defects, Condenser Unit - Split System.
Name the ONE typical defect that home inspectors do not need to report:

a) Condenser unit fins dirty or blocked by debris.
b) Oil observed on the bottom of the condenser unit or on the fins.
c) Condenser unit is not perfectly level.
d) Condenser unit/compressor unusually noisy while operating.

Answer 55

c) Condenser unit is not perfectly level.

The condenser unit does not need to be perfectly level.

OTHER REPORTABLE ISSUES:
1. Condenser unit too close (Distance varies by manufacturer)
A) at least 30” service access side
B) 6” to 12” inches other sides
C) 48” above
D) 3” above grade or mulch or snow depth
2. Clearance to clothes dryer exhaust ducts should be at least 3 feet.
3. Icing at condenser.
4. Overcurrent protection device (OPD) larger than the rating on the condenser label (FIRE HAZARD).
5. Condenser unit pad damaged, deteriorated, undercut
6. Condenser unit below grade or mulch.
7. Condenser unit exposed to afternoon sunlight.
8. Condenser unit fins or cabinet damaged or deteriorated.

Question 56

Typical Defects, Window Units and Through-Wall Units Typical defects that home inspectors should report include: (Name the ONE typical defect that home inspectors do not need to report)

a) rusted or deteriorated components.
b) poor sealing and water leaks where the appliance penetrates the wall.
c) old or dirty appliances where manufacturer’s label is no longer visible.
d) dirty or deteriorated evaporator coils and air filters.

Answer 56

c) old or dirty appliances where manufacturer’s label is no longer visible.

Old or dirty appliances are not reportable as long as they are functioning. Appliances in general disrepair or if abandoned should be reported.

OTHER REPORTABLE ISSUES:

1. loose or deteriorated appliance supports.
2. appliance discharges into enclosed space such as a garage that was once a carport.

Question 57

Typical Defects, Mini-Split Systems (Condenser Unit) Choose the ONE that home inspectors DO NOT NEED TO report:

a) indoor unit not properly secured to wall
b) indoor unit installed too low (should be about 5-6 feet above floor),
c) system capacity too large for the conditioned space (short cycling),
d) evidence of leaks from the outside unit

Answer 57

d) evidence of condensate leaks from indoor unit (not the outside unit)

OTHER REPORTABLE ISSUES:

1. dirty or deteriorated evaporator coils and air filters
2. temperature distribution and occupant comfort problems

Question 58

Typical Defects, Evaporative Coolers:
Which defect is not reportable:

a) appliance in general disrepair or has been abandoned
b) rusted or deteriorated components
c) deteriorated media (pads)
d) painted fan drive belt

Answer 58

d) painted fan drive belt does not need to be reported as long as it isn’t (suspect) LOOSE OR DETERIORATED.

OTHER REPORTABLE ISSUES:

1. Unbalanced or vibrating fan
2. poor sealing, damage, and water leaks where ducts, water supply, and electric supply penetrate the wall or roof
3. loose or deteriorated appliance supports
4. appliance not level
5. water leaking from the cabinet

Question 59

Primary Condensate Disposal System

a) The air conditioning evaporator coil can produce a significant amount of water, especially in humid climates.
b) This water must be sent to an appropriate place for disposal. This place may be outdoors, or it may be the plumbing drainage system. The water is usually drained by gravity, if practical
c) Some jurisdictions in warm/humid climates require insulating the condensate disposal pipe.
d) all of the above

Answer 59

d) all of the above

Question 60

Auxiliary Condensate Management System (choose the best answer)

a) One auxiliary system is a pan placed under the evaporator coil. The pan should be at least 5½ inches deep and should extend at least 8 inches beyond the evaporator coil on all sides
b) The pipe should be terminated at a hidden spot so that the occupants aren’t alarmed.
c) A water level shut off switch installed in the pan may not be used as an alternative to the drain pipe
d) Another auxiliary system is a water level shut off switch installed at the evaporator coil. This switch also shuts off the air conditioning system if the primary condensate system is blocked and water backs up into the evaporator condensate tray.

Answer 60

d) Another auxiliary system is a water level shut off switch installed at the evaporator coil. This switch also shuts off the air conditioning system if the primary condensate system is blocked and water backs up into the evaporator condensate tray.

NOTES:

a) Auxiliary system with pan placed under the evaporator coil pan should be at least 1½ inches DEEP and should extend at least 3 inches BEYOND the evaporator coil on all sides.
b) The pipe should be terminated at a CONSPICUOUS spot so that the occupants can be ALERTED to the problem.
c) A water level shut off switch installed in the pan MAY BE used as an alternative to the drain pipe.

Question 61

Typical Defects, Condensate Management System (which number is incorrect)

a) overflow pan absent where required,
b) overflow pan too small
c) overflow pan is not level with drain pipe,
d) overflow pan contains insulation or debris,

Answer 61

d) overflow pan is not level with drain pipe

should report if overflow pan is NOT SLOPED towards drain pipe

OTHER REPORTABLE ISSUES:

1. pipes do not have a uniform slope toward the termination point,
2. pipes disconnected or damaged,
3. pipes not insulated if condensation on pipes could cause damage, or if pipes used as a condensate drain for a high efficiency furnace or boiler and pipes run through areas subject to freezing,
4. trap not installed where recommended,
5. excessive trap slope,
6. water is flowing from or evidence of previous water in the secondary condensate drain pipe,
7. primary or secondary condensate drain pipe termination not located,
8. condensate pipe terminates on the roof, into a plumbing vent, or into another inappropriate location,
9. condensate drain terminates close to grade, or is buried,
10. condensate drain does not terminate in an elbow,
11. primary and secondary condensate drain pipes merged into one pipe,
12. Water or evidence of water in overflow pan
13. Possible refrigerant observed in overflow pan,
14. Condensate pump is not operating, deteriorated, or damaged.

Question 62

Refrigerant Line Set

1. A line set over 40 feet long may cause operating and efficiency problems

(True or False)

Answer 62

False

A line set over 60 FEET long may cause problems

Question 63

Typical Defects, Refrigerant Line Set Typical defects that home inspectors should report include (except for which one):

a) absent protective sleeve where line set penetrates the foundation or is buried,
b) inadequately sealed line set wall penetration,
c) unusually short line set,
d) excess line set tubing coiled in the attic increasing the line set length.

Answer 63

d) unusually short line set

LONG line sets should be reported.

OTHER REPORTABLE ISSUES:

1. absent or damaged insulation,
2. inadequately supported line set,
3. kinked or damaged line set,
4. ice on suction line,

Question 64

Thermostats (choose the best answer)

a) Regardless of any timing and other functions, a thermostat is just a switch that activates and deactivates the HVAC system based on the temperature of the air at the thermostat
b) It is important for analog thermostats to be secure and level to avoid inaccurate operation
c) Digital thermostats use an electronic sensor called a thermistor to sense air temperature
d) All of the above

Answer 64

d) All of the above

Question 65

Typical Defects, Thermostat Typical defects that home inspectors should report (name the one that doesn’t need to be reported)

a) loose thermostat,
b) thermostat in poor location,
c) thermostat significantly out of calibration,
d) thermostat cable enters metal cabinet with a grommet or bushing.

Answer 65

d) thermostat cable enters metal cabinet with a grommet or bushing.

Thermostat cable enters metal cabinet WITHOUT a grommet or bushing SHOULD BE REPORTED.

OTHER REPORTABLE ISSUES:

1. thermostat not level (analog type)
2. thermostat worn, damaged, or has absent parts

Question 66

Air Distribution System Types (Choose the best answer)

a) The vast majority of air conditioning systems use high pressure, high velocity ducts
b) These ducts range in area from around 20 square inches (7 inches diameter) for small supply ducts, to around 220 square inches (12 inches diameter) for large return ducts
c) high pressure, high velocity duct. These ducts are usually about 3 square inches in area. Air moves in these ducts at over 2,000 feet per minute
d) none of the above

Answer 66

c) high pressure, high velocity duct. These ducts are usually about 3 square inches in area. Air moves in these ducts at over 2,000 feet per minute

NOTES:

a) The vast majority of air conditioning systems use LOW pressure, LOW velocity ducts
b) These ducts range in area from around 13 SQUARE INCHES (4 inches diameter) for small supply ducts, to around 450 square inches (24 inches diameter) for large return ducts

Question 67

Air Distribution System Design (choose the one item below that is incorrect):

a) Inadequate duct size is a common reason for temperature balancing problems between rooms
b) Manual D assumes that the ductwork is properly installed according to industry standards. Deviations from those standards may reduce the actual quantity of air delivered to the room. Problems that could result include comfort complaints, increased HVAC system operating time and cost, reduced HVAC system service life, and moisture control problems. Examples of these deviations include sharp bends in the duct, constriction of duct size, and sagging ducts.
c) The ability of an HVAC system to deliver supply air depends, in part at least, on the availability of heat
d) Ducts or grilles that connect the room to a central hallway return are one good way to let supply air return to the HVAC system. These ducts or grilles are sometimes called transfers or jumpers.

Answer 67

c) The ability of an HVAC system to deliver supply air depends, in part at least, on the availability of RETURN AIR, not heat.

Question 68

Low Pressure Ducts: (choose the best answer)

a) Sheet metal ducts are found in most older houses and occasionally in newer houses
b) Stud wall and floor joist cavities are sometimes used as return plenums
c) All of the above
d) None of the above

Answer 68

c) All of the above

Question 69

Flexible Duct Splicing (choose the best answer)

a) A piece of flexible duct should not be joined (spliced) to another piece when either piece is not long enough to reach the next connection point and is out of scope of a home inspection.
b) These joints should be made using a metal sleeve at least 8 inches long (4 inches for each side of the duct).
c) The joint should not be taped and physically secured (e.g., a zip tie).
d) One piece of flex duct should be inserted into another piece of flex duct.

Answer 69

b) These joints should be made using a metal sleeve at least 8 inches long (4 inches for each side of the duct).

NOTES:

a) A piece of flexible duct should be joined (spliced) to another piece when either piece is not long enough to reach the next connection point. IS IN SCOPE FOR HOME INSPECTION.
c) The joint SHOULD BE taped and physically secured (e.g., a zip tie) similar to any other joint.
d) One piece of flex duct should NOT be inserted into another piece of flex duct.

Question 70

Duct Support (choose the best answer)

a) Sheet metal ducts should be supported with at least 2 inch wide metal wire or straps at least every 20 feet.
b) Duct board should be support by 3½ inch wide material at least every 12 - 16 feet.
c) Flex duct should be supported by at least 1½ inch wide material at least every 4 feet horizontally and every 6 feet vertically.
d) all of the above

Answer 70

c) Flex duct should be supported by at least 1½ inch wide material at least every 4 feet horizontally and every 6 feet vertically.

NOTES:

a) Sheet metal ducts should be supported with at least ½ INCH WIDE metal wire or straps at least every 10 FEET.
b) Duct board should be support by 1½ INCH WIDE material at least every 6 - 8 FEET.

Question 71

Duct Sealing and Securing (choose the best answer)

a) Air leakage from ducts is a very rare problem.
b) Unacceptable duct sealing materials include duct tape and other tapes that are not specifically approved for sealing air ducts.
c) all of the above
d) none of the above

Answer 71

b) Unacceptable duct sealing materials include duct tape and other tapes that are not specifically approved for sealing air ducts.

NOTES
Air leakage from ducts is a common and important problem.

Question 72

Duct Bends and Compression

Improper bends are a particular problem for flex duct

(True or False)

Answer 72

True

Question 73

Thermostat-Controlled Dampers (Zoned Systems)

Determining if the damper is operating properly is out of scope of a home inspection.

(True or False)

Answer 73

True

Question 74

Typical Defects, Low Pressure Ducts Typical defects that home inspectors should report include (name the ONE scenarios that is not reportable)

a) Flexible duct sag: flexible ducts should not sag from a straight line more than ½ inch per foot; sagging reduces air flow.
b) Flexible duct spliced without a splicing sleeve: different sections of flexible ducts should be spliced together using a sheet metal sleeve; frequently, one duct is inserted into the other; improper splicing significantly reduces air flow.
c) Damaged ducts: damage includes compression, holes, tears in insulation and vapor retarders, and rust.
d) Ducts are connected to collars and boots.

Answer 74

d) Ducts are connected to collars and boots.

NOTE:
If ducts are DISCONNECTED from collars and boots, then, poor connections can be difficult to detect visually, especially with flex duct.

Question 75

Return ducts and Inlets (choose the best answer)

a) Insufficient return air will degrade system efficiency and performance.
b) Insufficient air flow across the evaporator coil will affect temperature drop measurements and in severe case can contribute to evaporator coil icing
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 75

c) both a) and b)

Question 76

Filters (choose the best answer)

a) Changing or cleaning the return air filter is probably the most frequently conducted homeowner maintenance task.
b) Filters are rated according to their Maximum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV), which describes the particle size that the filter will stop
c) The primary purpose of an air conditioning system filter is to protect the system from damage and contamination by dirt and debris. Air cleaning and air quality functions are secondary
d) all of the above

Answer 76

c) purpose is to protect system from damage/debris. Clean air/quality is 2nd.

NOTES:

a) Air filter changes are THE most frequently NEGLECTED by homeowners.
b) Filters are rated according to their MINIMUM Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV)

Question 77

Air Cleaning Systems are out of scope for home inspectors to report.

(True or False)

Answer 77

True

Question 78

Duct Cleaning:

The EPA does not recommend regular duct cleaning because there is no evidence that doing so improves health or improves indoor air quality

(True or False)

Answer 78

True

Question 79

Which of the following is a non-reportable defect of Returns and Filters:

a) blocked filter
b) wrong size filter for the compartment,
c) filter clamp not engaged so filter drawn into fan chamber,
d) dirty filter compartment door or filter boot grille

Answer 79

d) dirty filter compartment door or dirty filter boot grille

NOTE:
ABSENT, LOOSE, or DAMAGED filter compartment door or filter boot grille should be reported, not if it’s just dirty.

OTHER REPORTABLE DEFECTS ARE:

1. improper return inlet location
2. filter boot out of square making the grille cover difficult to latch,
3. system has a filter in a return boot and at the air handler or furnace.

Question 80

Radiant Cooling Systems

a) Evap cooling systems and radiant cooling systems are usually in the arid west (desert)
b) Radiant cooling systems are uncommon, so home inspectors should disclaim inspection and recommend evaluation by a qualified contractor using manufacturer’s instructions.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 80

c) both a) and b)

Question 81

Absorption systems: (choose the best answer)

a) Absorption coolers and absorption heat pumps are currently available only for smaller houses
b) Absorption systems use natural gas, propane, or renewable energy for fuel
c) They use chlorine as the refrigerant and an absorber in place of a compressor
d) all of the above

Answer 81

b) Absorption systems use natural gas, propane, or renewable energy for fuel

NOTES:

a) Absorption coolers and absorption heat pumps are currently available only for LARGER houses.
c) They use AMMONIA as the refrigerant (not chlorine) and an absorber in place of a compressor.

Question 82

Heat Pumps: (choose the best answer)

a) The vast majority of heat pumps are water-source, meaning that the condenser unit exchanges heat with the water outside of the house.
b) Some heat pumps are ground-source, more commonly (incorrectly) called geothermal. This means that the condenser and evaporator exchange heat with the ground through tubes buried in or drilled into the ground
c) Water-source heat pumps exchange heat with water by using the water pipes of the house.
d) Ground-source heat pumps are open-loop

Answer 82

b) Some heat pumps are ground-source, more commonly (incorrectly) called geothermal. This means that the condenser and evaporator exchange heat with the ground through tubes buried in or drilled into the ground

NOTES:

a) The vast majority of heat pumps are AIR-source,
c) Exchange heat BY tubes submerged in a nearby body of water such as a lake or a well, or by using a mechanical means for the water to exchange heat with the air, such as a cooling tower.
d) Ground-source heat pumps are CLOSED-loop.

Question 83

Typical Defects, Low Pressure Ducts Typical defects that home inspectors should report include (name the ONE scenario that is not reportable)

a) Duct in contact with soil: ducts should be installed at least 4 inches above soil; ducts in contact with soil in a crawl space can experience condensation inside the duct and can fill with water.
b) Significant condensation on ducts: condensation can be difficult to avoid on ducts in crawl spaces in some climates (especially warm/humid); condensation that results in significant amounts of dripping liquid water should be considered for reporting.
c) Significant condensation or rust on supply registers: condensation or rust on supply registers is usually an indication of high humidity in the house.
d) Operating supply register dampers.

Answer 83

d) Operating supply register dampers

Damaged and non-operational dampers in supply registers: operating supply register dampers is not required; however, registers that are visibly damaged or that have other visible defects are usually considered deficient and should be reported.

Question 84

Typical Defects, Low Pressure Ducts Typical defects that home inspectors should report include (name the ONE scenario that is not reportable)

a) Dampers installed on return air ducts: dampers are not allowed on return air ducts; reduces return air flow.
b) Dirt stains on and near supply registers: this usually indicates poor maintenance including failure to change or clean filters, and failure to clean the evaporator coil.
c) Air flowing at supply registers.
d) Framed return plenum dirty or not sealed: framed return plenums should be sealed as well as any other duct, especially if the plenum shares a wall with the garage.

Answer 84

d) Air flowing at supply registers.

NOTE:
POOR Air flow at supply registers should be reported. Poor air flow can usually be deduced by inspecting for other problems with visible ducts.

Question 85

Typical Defects, Low Pressure Ducts Typical defects that home inspectors should report include (name the ONE scenario that is not reportable)

a) Ducts have openings in a garage: ducts that serve the house should have no openings in a garage; a system that serves only the garage may have openings in the garage.
b) Non-metal ducts penetrate walls or ceilings in a garage: ducts that penetrate walls and ceilings in a garage must be sheet metal.
c) none of the above
d) all of the above

Answer 85

c) none of the above