Heating System

Question 1

Inspection Scope (Choose the best answer)

a) A heating system is not required in a house that exists in cold weather climate.
b) The presence of portable heating units indicates a problem with the heating system
c) The system should be capable of maintaining 62° F. in every habitable space
d) Permanently installed heating systems, including those installed in an opening in the wall, are within the scope of a home inspection

Answer 1

d) Permanently installed heating systems, including those installed in an opening in the wall, are within the scope of a home inspection

NOTES:
a) A heating system is required in almost every household.
b) The presence of portable heating units may be indicative of a person who’s always cold
(like Grandma!) AND are OUT OF SCOPE
c) The system should be capable of maintaining 68° F. in every habitable space

Question 2

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE):

a) a ratio of energy generated by a heating system versus the heat used;
b) the minimum AFUE for most gas furnaces is around 70,
c) meaning that the furnace converts 70% of the fuel to heat and 30% is lost through the vent or by other means.
d) none of the above

Answer 2

d) none of the above

NOTES:

a) a ratio of heat generated versus the energy used
b) the minimum AFUE for most gas furnaces is around 80
c) meaning that the furnace converts 80% of the fuel to heat and 20% is lost through the vent or by other means.

Question 3

Chimneys (Choose the best answer)

a) a generally vertical structure containing one or more flues
b) conducts combustion products from a fuel-burning appliance to a point outside the house;
c) Chimneys are constructed using masonry and metal pipes.
d) all of the above

Answer 3

d) all of the above

Question 4

Chimney connector

A component that conducts non-combustible products from a fuel-burning appliance to a chimney.

(True or False)

Answer 4

False

A component that conducts combustion products from a fuel-burning appliance to a chimney. See Vent connector.

Question 5

Damper (barometric):

a) a device used to control draft in an oil-burning appliance vent connector when using a masonry chimney as a vent;
b) the damper is a round metal plate that is mounted on two hinges.
c) It opens and closes based on the pressure in the vent connector.
d) all of the above

Answer 5

d) all of the above

Question 6

Damper (HVAC duct system): (Choose the best answer)

a) a plate or louvers installed in a duct system that permits control of how much air flows in a duct
b) a damper is controlled automatically by a motor
c) neither a) or b) are methods of installing a zoned HVAC system where one HVAC system is controlled by two or more thermostats.
d) none of the above

Answer 6

a) a plate or louvers installed in a duct system that permits control of how much air flows in a duct

NOTES:

b) may be controlled manually
c) both a) and b) are methods of installing a zoned HVAC system where one HVAC system is controlled by two or more thermostats.

Question 7

Direct exhaust appliance is (Choose the best answer)

a) a fuel-burning appliance that obtains combustion air from outside the house and expels combustion products inside the house.
b) usually for low efficiency appliances.
c) Some appliances can be configured in the field as a direct vent appliance or as a direct exhaust appliance. d) Also called a direct vented appliance.

Answer 7

c) Some appliances can be configured in the field as a direct vent appliance or as a direct exhaust appliance.

NOTES:

a) a fuel-burning appliance that obtains combustion air from INSIDE the house and expels combustion products OUTSIDE the house.
b) usually for HIGH efficiency appliances.
d) Also called a NON-direct vented appliance.

Question 8

Direct vent appliance:
a) a fuel-burning appliance that obtains combustion air from outside the house and expels combustion products outside the house. These are usually high efficiency appliances.

(True or False)

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Draft (forced): (Choose the best answer)

a) a method of drawing combustion gasses from gas-burning and from oil-burning appliances that uses a fan (blower) to force the gasses through the vent under pressure;
b) also referred to as positive release draft.
c) Forced draft fans are installed at the beginning of the vent system, usually inside the appliance.
d) Forced draft vent systems must remain unsealed to allow combustion gasses to escape through the system.

Answer 9

c) Forced draft fans are installed at the beginning of the vent system, usually inside the appliance.

NOTES:

a) a method of EXPELLING combustion gasses from gas-burning and from oil-burning appliances that uses a fan (blower) to force the gasses through the vent under pressure
b) also referred to as positive PRESSURE draft.
d) Forced draft vent systems must BE SEALED to prevent combustion gasses from escaping through the system.

Question 10

Draft (induced): (Choose the best answer)

a) the process of using negative pressure created by a fan to pull combustion gasses through a heat exchanger;
b) draft inducers do not place combustion gasses in a chimney or vent under negative pressure;
c) most low efficiency gas furnaces are induced draft appliances.

Answer 10

a) the process of using negative pressure created by a fan to pull combustion gasses through a heat exchanger

NOTES:

b) draft inducers do not place combustion gasses in a chimney or vent under POSITIVE pressure;
c) most MEDIUM efficiency gas furnaces are induced draft appliances.

Question 11

Draft (mechanical): (Choose the best answer)

a) a vent system that uses an electrically powered fan to assist in drawing combustion gasses out of a chimney or vent;
b) mechanical draft may be forced draft (positive pressure)
c) mechanical draft may be induced draft (negative pressure)
d) both b) and c)

Answer 11

d) both b) and c)

NOTE:
a) a vent system that uses an electrically powered fan to assist in EXPELLING combustion gasses through a chimney or vent

Question 12

Draft (natural):

Answer 12

the tendency of combustion gasses to rise in a chimney or vent due to the gasses being hotter and at a lower pressure than the surrounding gasses (also known as the stack effect); fireplaces and most gas-fired and oil-fired appliances rely on natural draft to expel combustion gasses.

Question 13

Flue:

a) this term most accurately describes a generally vertical passageway inside a chimney;
b) a chimney can only have one flue
c) also known as Vertical Depth
d) all of the above

Answer 13

a) this term most accurately describes a generally vertical passageway inside a chimney;

NOTES:

b) a chimney has AT LEAST one flue and MAY HAVE SEVERAL flues.
c) also known as VENT (combustion).

Question 14

Hydronic heating: (Choose the best answer)

a) a heating system that circulates cold liquid and heats it to create steam through pipes
b) the pipes must be installed in the floor
c) may not serve radiators or similar devices
d) none of the above

Answer 14

d) none of the above

NOTES:

a) a heating system that circulates HOT liquid or steam through pipes
b) the pipes may be installed in the floor, ceiling, or wall
c) MAY serve radiators or similar devices

Question 15

Manifold (vent connector) is a type of vent connector in which two or more vent connectors are joined together before being connected to the vent.

(True or False)

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Vent (combustion): (Choose the best answer)

a) the final vertical component in a vent system;
b) this term most accurately describes manufactured products such as metal pipes.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 16

c) both a) and b)

Question 17

Vent connector (Choose the best answer):

a) a component that conducts combustion products from a fuel-burning appliance to a vent;
b) vent connectors are single-wall or double-wall metal pipes.
c) all of the above
d) none of the above

Answer 17

c) all of the above

Question 18

Vent system: (Choose the best answer)

a) a passageway that combines non-combustible products from a fuel-burning appliance to a point outside the house;
b) the vent system begins at the louvers and ends at the end of the duct
c) the vent system consists of a vent or chimney and a vent connector, if one is used
d) none of the above

Answer 18

c) the vent system consists of a vent or chimney and a vent connector, if one is used

NOTES:

a) a passageway that conducts combustion products from a fuel-burning appliance to a point outside the house;
b) the vent system begins at the appliance hood and ends outside the house

Question 19

How Heat Transfer Works (Choose the best answer)

Heat is defined as the transfer of energy between molecules. Temperature is a measure of how fast heat is transferred; Examples of Heat transfer include:

a) Conduction occurs when heat moves through solid matter
b) Convection occurs when heat moves by circulation of a gas or liquid
c) Radiation occurs when molecules gain heat by absorbing electromagnetic energy in the infrared part of the spectrum
d) all of the above

Answer 19

d) all of the above

Question 20

How Combustion Works

a) Gas systems burn natural gas (methane) or propane. b) Oil systems burn heating oil (#2 fuel oil), although some small oil-burning appliances burn kerosene.
c) Solid fuel systems burn wood, wood pellets, coal, and sometimes materials such as corn cobs (biomass).
d) all of the above

Answer 20

d) all of the above

Question 21

Wood Combustion

Burning wood produces many compounds, except:

a) carbon dioxide
b) carbon monoxide
c) creosote
d) coal

Answer 21

d) coal

Question 22

COMBUSTION AIR

All fuel-burning appliances require combustion air to ensure complete and safe fuel burning, to ensure that the combustion byproducts are safely expelled through
the windows or doors and out from the house to help cool the appliance.

(True or False)

Answer 22

False

NOTES:
expelled through the CHIMNEY OR VENT

Question 23

Gas Appliances, Combustion Air from Inside the House

Drawing combustion air from the same room is called

a) the Standard Method
b) requires at least 30 cubic feet of volume in the room
c) for every 800 Btu/h input of the appliances in the room.
d) all of the above

Answer 23

a) Standard Method

NOTES:

b) 50 cubic feet of volume in the room
c) for every 1,000 Btu/h input of the appliances in the room.

Question 24

Gas Appliances, Combustion Air from Outside the House

Combustion air from outside the house may be provided

a) by two openings in the wall or by two ducts.
b) One opening or duct should commence within 12 inches from the floor
c) the other opening within 12 inches from the ceiling
d) all of the above

Answer 24

d) all of the above

Question 25

Combustion air from outside the house may be provided by

a) one opening in the wall
b) two ducts
c) The openings and ducts must communicate directly with the indoors.
d) Outdoors includes basements and carports.

2. The net free opening area for wall openings and vertical ducts is at least 1 square inch for each 4,000 Btu/h input of the appliances in the room. The net free opening area for horizontal ducts is at least 1 square inch for each 2,000 Btu/h of the appliances in the room.
3. Combustion air may be provided by one opening in the wall, floor, or ceiling. The net free opening area is at least 1 square inch for each 5,000 Btu/h input of the appliances in the room.

Answer 25

b) two ducts

NOTES:

a) two openings in the wall
c) The openings and ducts must communicate directly with the outdoors.
d) Outdoors includes ventilated crawl spaces and attics.

Question 26

Solid Fuel, Combustion Air

a) Combustion air from inside should be provided for solid fuel-burning appliances
b) Reporting the lack of combustion air from outside and recommending an upgrade to current standards is an option for older houses
c) The duct interior termination may be on the back or sides of the firebox or within 12 inches of the firebox opening
d) The duct should have an area of at least 6 square inches and not more than 40 square inches.

Answer 26

b) Reporting the lack of combustion air from outside and recommending an upgrade to current standards is an option for older houses

NOTES:

a) FROM outside
c) 24 inches, not 12
d) 55, not 40

Question 27

Combustion Air Ducts

a) Combustion air ducts should terminate at least 12 inches above grade or above the highest anticipated snow accumulation level.
b) Rooms or spaces where combustion air ducts from the outside terminate are unconditioned spaces
c) These rooms or spaces are frequently uninsulated and the doors are not weather-stripped; thus, they allow large amounts of unconditioned air into the house.
d) all of the above

Answer 27

d) all of the above

Question 28

Makeup Air

Makeup air replaces air removed from the house by appliances, except for:

a) clothes dryers
b) kitchen exhaust hoods
c) bathroom exhaust fans
d) bedroom fans

Answer 28

d) bedroom fans

Question 29

Typical Defects, Combustion Air Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, except:

a) blocked combustion air openings, especially by insulation in the attic and crawl space
b) combustion air ducts made from unapproved materials,
c) one combustion air duct contains one opening
d) fuel-burning appliances installed in an unapproved location

Answer 29

c) one combustion air duct contains one opening

report if multiple openings

Question 30

HEATING EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATIONS (Choose the best answer)

a) A heat source capable of maintaining at least 62° F
b) The heat source does not need to be in the room if a heat source in another room can maintain 62° F in the room
c) Some heating systems use solid fuels such as coal, wood and waste products (biomass) such as corn cobs
d) One way to classify heating systems is by their heat source

Answer 30

c) Some heating systems use solid fuels such as coal, wood and waste products (biomass) such as corn cobs

NOTES:

a) and b) maintain 68° F
d) ENERGY SOURCE, not heat source

Question 31

INSPECTING HEATING SYSTEMS includes all, except:

a) A visual observation of the system including the electric power and fuel supply components.
b) The visual system observation also involves opening access panels that are provided for homeowner inspection and maintenance
c) Opening the access panels even if they are sealed in place
d) none of the above

Answer 31

c) Opening the access panels even if they are sealed in place

Question 32

GAS APPLIANCE CATEGORIES

Gas-burning appliances, including gas forced-air furnaces, are classified as Category I - IV appliances. The classifications are based on

a) vent gas temperature
b) whether the vent is under positive or natural pressure
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 32

c) both a) and b)

Question 33

GAS FORCED-AIR FURNACES

a) In almost all furnaces a home inspector is likely to see, this fan looks like the exercise wheel in a rodent cage, so it is sometimes called a rat cage fan.
b) The heat exchanger is the arm of the furnace.
c) Cracks or damage to the heat exchanger walls can allow the combustion gasses to enter the air flow that gets circulated in the house.
d) none of the above

Answer 33

c) Cracks or damage to the heat exchanger walls can allow the combustion gasses to enter the air flow that gets circulated in the house.

NOTES:

a) …it is sometimes called a squirrel cage fan.
b) The heat exchanger is the heart of the furnace.

Question 34

Types of Category I Furnaces (Choose the best answer)

a) The draft hood type has not been produced since the 1980s.
b) These are low efficiency furnaces (about 65%) and are usually beyond the end of their expected service life.
c) These furnaces often have seven to ten ribbon burners.
d) The gas is burned along the width of each ribbon burner.

Answer 34

These are low efficiency furnaces (about 65%) and are usually beyond the end of their expected service life.

a) The draft hood type has not been produced since the 1970s.
c) These furnaces often have 3 to 6 ribbon burners.
d) The gas is burned along the LENGTH of each ribbon burner.

Question 35

Inspecting Category I Furnaces

a) Bypassed controls are usually visible as separated wires wound together with tape.
b) Electrical cables and thermostat cables should enter the cabinet through a portal.
c) Home inspectors should inspect the heat exchanger for cracks and other damage, if possible.
d) The heat exchanger is usually visible in an induced draft furnace

Answer 35

c) Home inspectors should inspect the heat exchanger for cracks and other damage, if possible.

NOTES:

a) Bypassed controls are usually visible as wires spliced together with wire nuts.
b) Electrical cables and thermostat cables should enter the cabinet through a bushing, grommet, or similar protection and should be installed inside any covered box provided by the manufacturer.
d) The heat exchanger is rarely visible in an induced draft furnace

Question 36

Inspecting Category IV Furnaces

The condensate from a Category IV furnace is usually acidic, so disposal should not be where the condensate could cause damage.

(True or False)

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Typical Defects, Category I and Category IV Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, except for:

a) Return duct connected directly to furnace/air handler cabinet without a plenum: this can cause uneven air flow, especially over the evaporator coil if one is present; some manufacturers allow this, so recommend evaluation using manufacturer’s instructions.
b) Dirty fan (blower): this could reduce the effectiveness and service life of the fan.
c) Fan loose, shakes, or rattles when operating: this causes unnecessary noise and could reduce the service life of the fan.
d) Quiet fan: this could indicate an electrical issue.

Answer 37

d) Quiet fan: this could indicate an electrical issue.

Inspectors should report NOISY FANS as they can indicate damaged or worn bearing and could indicate that the fan is near the end of its service life; in older furnaces with a belt-driven fan this could indicate a loose or worn drive belt.

Question 38

Floor Furnace Components

a) Thermostat location is unimportant with floor furnaces.
b) The thermostat should be located in a separate room from the floor furnace grille.
c) Gas floor furnaces are Category I furnaces.

Answer 38

c) Gas floor furnaces are Category I furnaces.

NOTES:

a) Thermostat location is IMPORTANT with floor furnaces.
b) The thermostat should be located in the same room as the floor furnace grille or in an adjacent room with no door between the rooms.

Question 39

Floor Furnace Installation (Choose the best answer)

a) The furnace grille should be at least 6 feet away from walls.
b) The grille should be at least 5 inches below projecting combustible materials like wood shelves.
c) Floor furnaces should not be installed in bedrooms and bathrooms.
d) There should be at least 3 inches between the draft hood and combustible materials such as wood floor joists

Answer 39

c) Floor furnaces should not be installed in bedrooms and bathrooms.

NOTES

a) The furnace grille should be at least 6 INCHES away from walls.
b) The grille should be at least 5 FEET below projecting combustible materials like wood shelves.
d) There should be at least 6 INCHES (NOT 3) between the draft hood and combustible materials such as wood floor joists

Question 40

Inspecting Floor Furnaces (Choose the best answer)

A properly burning gas could indicate problems such as an:

a) improperly adjusted burner
b) improperly adjusted gas valve
c) inadequate combustion air
d) all of the above

Answer 40

d) all of the above

Question 41

Typical Defects, Floor Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include the following, except:

a) Furnace has been abandoned: this should be reported.
b) Cabinet or internal components are deteriorated: many of these furnaces are old and are subject to rust and normal age related deterioration.
c) Debris on top of furnace: debris can include dirt, animal hair, and objects; debris can be a fire hazard.
d) Improper venting: the vent connector lateral may be too long because the nearest vent is a long distance from the furnace; draft hood, vent connector, or vent may be loose or deteriorated; single-wall vent connector (not allowed in a crawl space) is installed.

Answer 41

c) Debris on top of furnace:

Debris INSIDE of furnace should be reported, not on top.

Question 42

Wall Furnace Installation (Choose the best answer)

a) The wall furnace should be at least 6 inches from a door when open in any position.
b) at least 2 to 4 inches from wall corners, and at least 6 to 11 inches from the ceiling or other vertical projection above the furnace.
c) The vent for most gas wall furnaces should be a Type BW while the vent is run inside a wall cavity.
d) A Type BW vent is a Type A vent with a rectangular shape.

Answer 42

c) The vent for most gas wall furnaces should be a Type BW while the vent is run inside a wall cavity.

NOTES:

a) The wall furnace should be at least 12 INCHES from a door when open in any position.
b) at least 4 to 6 INCHES from wall corners, and at least 12 to 18 INCHES from the ceiling or other vertical projection above the furnace.
d) A Type BW vent is a Type B vent with an oval shape.

Question 43

Typical Defects, wall Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include, except:

a) Furnace has been abandoned: this should be reported.
b) Cabinet or internal components are deteriorated: many of these furnaces are old and are subject to rust and normal age related deterioration.
c) Debris on the floor: debris can include dirt, animal hair, and objects; debris can be a fire hazard.
d) Improper venting: wrong vent type is used; refer to the Category I gas vent systems section for more information.

Answer 43

c) Debris on the floor

Debris INSIDE of furnace should be reported, not on the floor.

Question 44

GAS ROOM HEATERS AND OIL ROOM HEATERS (VENTED) (Choose the best answer)

a) Room heater side clearances vary between about 6 to 12 inches; rear clearances vary between about 4 to 48 inches, top clearances vary between about 4 to 48 inches; front clearance is usually about 60 inches.
b) The shut off valve may be located in another room or space if the valve is permanently labeled, readily accessible, and serves no other appliance.
c) The vent for most gas room heaters should be a Type B
d) all of the above

Answer 44

d) all of the above

Question 45

GAS APPLIANCES AND OIL APPLIANCES (UNVENTED)

The use of fuel-burning unvented appliances is controversial.

a) These appliances can produce carbon monoxide if improperly adjusted or if there is insufficient combustion air, although this risk is supposed to be mitigated by the mandatory presence of an oxygen-depletion safety system.
b) Unvented appliances may also be called fire heaters.
c) Portable appliances are in scope for a home inspection.
d) none of the above

Answer 45

a) These appliances can produce carbon monoxide if improperly adjusted or if there is insufficient combustion air, although this risk is supposed to be mitigated by the mandatory presence of an oxygen-depletion safety system.

NOTES:

b) Unvented appliances may also be called SPACE heaters or UNVENTED heaters.
c) Portable appliances of any type are OUT OF SCOPE for a home inspection.

Question 46

Unvented Appliances Installation (Choose the best answer)

a) Side clearances for cabinet appliances vary between about 6 to 12 inches; top clearance is often about 36 inches; bottom clearance to carpet is often about 2 inches; front clearance is often about 36 inches.
b) One wall-mounted unvented appliance may be installed in a bathroom if the appliance Btu/h input is 3,000 or less, and if the bathroom is large enough to provide combustion air.
c) One wall-mounted unvented appliance may be installed in a bedroom if the appliance Btu/h input is 7,000 or less, and if the bedroom is large enough to provide combustion air.
d) The shut off valve may not be located in another room or space.

Answer 46

a) Side clearances for cabinet appliances vary between about 6 to 12 inches; top clearance is often about 36 inches; bottom clearance to carpet is often about 2 inches; front clearance is often about 36 inches.

NOTES:

b) Bathroom Btu/h input is 6,000 or less
c) Bedroom Btu/h input is 10,000 or less
d) The shut off valve MAY BE located in another room or space if the valve is permanently labeled, readily accessible, and serves no other appliance.

Question 47

Typical Defects, Unvented Appliances Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, except:

a) inadequate combustion air,
b) inadequate clearance to combustible materials,
c) improper flame size,
d) soot in or around appliance, including at vent termination.

Answer 47

c) improper flame color or pattern

Question 48

GAS DECORATIVE FIREPLACES AND OIL DECORATIVE FIRE-PLACES (VENTED)

These appliances are not really fireplaces; the more accurate term is decorative gas (or oil) appliance. These appliances have nothing in common with solid-fuel-burning systems.

(True or False)

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Typical Defects, Gas Fireplaces and Oil Fireplaces (Vented) Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, except:

a) inadequate combustion air,
b) inadequate clearance to combustible materials,
c) improper flame color or pattern,
d) soot in or around your baby’s ear

Answer 49

d) soot in or around your baby’s ear

Soot in or around appliance should be reported, including at vent termination.

Question 50

CATEGORY I GAS VENT SYSTEMS (Choose the best answer)

a) The vent is usually a chimney, a Type B vent, or occasionally a single-wall pipe.
b) A rain cap is not recommended for chimneys.
c) The vent connector may be a Type A vent or a double-wall pipe (with restrictions).
d) It is important to distinguish between the vent detector and the vent. These are different components and are governed by different rules.

Answer 50

a) The vent is usually a chimney, a Type B vent, or occasionally a single-wall pipe.

NOTE:

b) A rain cap IS recommended for ALL chimneys.
c) The vent connector may be a Type B vent or a single-wall pipe (with restrictions).
d) It is important to distinguish between the vent CONNECTOR and the vent. These are different components and are governed by different rules.

Question 51

Masonry Chimney Used as a Category I Vent (Choose the best answer)

a) The chimney should be unsealed below the place where the vent or chimney liner leaves the chimney, and any fireplace should also be blocked or labeled to make it clear that it may not be used.
b) A chimney designed for hot gasses should produce enough draft to expel the cooler gasses generated by gas appliances.
c) The cooler gasses may condense in the chimney producing acidic liquid that can severely damage the chimney.
d) The cooler gasses may go up the chimney.

Answer 51

c) The cooler gasses may condense in the chimney producing acidic liquid that can severely damage the chimney.

NOTES:

a) The chimney should be SEALED below the place where the vent or chimney liner leaves the chimney, and any fireplace should also be blocked or labeled to make it clear that it may not be used.
b) A chimney designed for hot gasses MAY NOT produce enough draft to expel the cooler gasses generated by gas appliances.
d) The cooler gasses may fall back down the chimney causing backdrafting.

Question 52

Typical Defects, Category I Vent Systems are as follows, except:

a) Vent made with or insulated with asbestos: asbestos vents are common in some areas in houses built before 1985
b) Inadequate clearance to combustibles: a Type B vent should have at least 1 inch clearance; a single-wall pipe should have at least 6 inches clearance; combustible materials include insulation, electrical cables, and HVAC ducts not made from sheet metal; this is a fire hazard.
c) Inadequate distance to a vertical sidewalls or to gravity air intake openings: a Type B vent should terminate at least 8 feet from a vertical sidewall or at least 2 feet above any obstruction within 10 feet; a single-wall pipe should terminate at least 2 feet above any obstruction within 10 feet
d) Inadequate distance to a mechanical air intake opening: all gas vents should terminate at least 10 feet horizontally or 3 feet vertically above a mechanical air intake opening

Answer 52

a. Vent made with or insulated with asbestos: asbestos vents are common in some areas in houses built before 1970 (NOT 1985)

Question 53

Direct Vent Pipe Terminations Vent terminations for Category III and Category IV vents can vary significantly among manufacturers in terms of how the vent terminates, and the distances between vent pipes and combustion air pipes. Some general rules include the following, EXCEPT:

a) The vent and combustion air pipes should terminate in different pressure zones.
b) Pipes terminating on the roof should terminate on the same roof section.
c) Sidewall terminating pipes should terminate on the same sidewall.
d) There are minimum and maximum vertical and horizontal separation distances between the vent pipes and combustion air pipes.

Answer 53

a) …different pressure zones.

The vent and combustion air pipes should terminate in the SAME pressure zone.

NOTES:
There are separation requirements when two or more direct vented appliances are terminated in the same pressure zone.

There are usually minimum and maximum pipe lengths.

The requirement that vents and combustion air pipes should terminate at least 12 inches above grade or above the local snow accumulation height (whichever is higher) is consistent among manufacturers as is the clearance around gas meter regulator

Question 54

Oil Burner Types (choose the incorrect answer)

a) The most common type in house oil heating systems is the sun-type.
b) Some call this an atomizing type burner.
c) The other types are the pot-type and the rotary-type.
d) The other burner types are uncommon in house systems.

Answer 54

a) The most common type in house oil heating systems is the GUN-type, not sun-type.

Question 55

Oil Burner Components and Operation (Choose the incorrect answer)

a) The oil should pass through a filter before entering the pump
b) A regulator inside the pump increases the oil pressure to 60 psi
c) The ignition sequence of a modern oil burner should include a pre-purge cycle.
d) The air flow should remain on for a preprogrammed time.

Answer 55

b) A regulator inside the pump increases the oil pressure to 100 psi, not 60 psi

Question 56

Oil Burner Flame Shut off Sensors (Primary Controls)

a) The newer sensor (1980s) is the cadmium (cad) cell (fire eye) sensor.
b) These sensors have a red reset switch so that the occupant can attempt to restart the oil burner if the sensor shuts down the burner.
c) This switch should only be pressed once.
d) The home inspector should reset this switch, and should report if it is tripped on arrival or trips during the inspection.

Answer 56

d) The home inspector should NOT reset this switch, and should report if it is tripped on arrival or trips during the inspection.

Question 57

Oil Line Safety Valve

An oil line safety valve is a fire safety device that shuts off the oil flow if there is a fire.

(True or False)

Answer 57

True

Question 58

Typical Defects, Oil Burners Typical defects that home inspectors should report include the following, EXCEPT:

a) Black soot in and around the oil burner, the utility room, and the vent system.
b) Black soot at forced-air supply registers
c) Stains other than black soot in and around the oil burner, the utility room, and the vent system.
d) Blowback

Answer 58

d) Blowback (should be called Puffback)

This is an ignition of unburned oil in the refractory chamber and is a dangerous condition; evidence includes black soot in and around the oil burner, the utility room, and the vent system (especially at the barometric damper), a pop or bang is heard when a puffback occurs; possible causes include oil leaks, faulty oil burner firing or shut down sequence, inadequate oil burner cleaning and maintenance, vent system blockage or other vent system problems.

Question 59

OIL VENT SYSTEMS

The vent system for an oil-fired appliance may consist of four components, which is incorrect:

a) vent,
b) vent cap,
c) water regulator (barometric damper), and
d) vent connector.

Answer 59

c) water regulator (barometric damper)

should be called draft regulator

Question 60

Typical Defects, Oil Vent Systems Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:

a) Vent made with or insulated with asbestos
b) Inadequate clearance to combustibles
c) Draft regulator (barometric damper) absent or absent parts, stuck open or shut, damaged, installed out of level
d) Tools abandoned around the barometric damper

Answer 60

d) Rust or staining around the barometric damper should be reported (NOT TOOLS):

this usually indicates a vent system problem (such as condensation in the vent or backdrafting), a water infiltration problem, a combustion problem, or puffback.

Question 61

ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEMS (Choose the INCORRECT answer)

a) Most heating systems use electricity to power fans and to power heating system control and safety components.
b) The downside of electric resistance heating systems can be frequent repairs
c) Electric heating systems use electricity for these components and to provide the heat itself.
d) Electric central furnaces, distributed electric heaters (such as baseboard convectors), and electric radiant heaters use electricity to heat a wire.

Answer 61

b) The downside of electric resistance heating systems can be frequent repairs

NOT FREQUENT REPAIRS, it should be operating costs

Question 62

Electric Central Forced-air Furnaces (Air Handlers) (Choose the BEST answer)

a) It is easy to mistakenly describe this system as a heat pump.
b) In almost all furnaces a home inspector is likely to see, this fan looks like the exercise wheel in a rodent cage, so it’s sometimes called a rat cage fan.

c) Some furnaces may have heating elements that activate multiple sensors to respond more efficiently if less heat is needed, or to reduce the current draw spike that occurs when all elements activate at once.
d) The minimum limit sensor shuts off the furnace if it detects excess heat

Answer 62

a) It is easy to mistakenly describe this system as a heat pump.

NOTES:
There are a couple ways to tell the difference. The thermostat for a heat pump with heating elements will usually, but not always, have a setting for emergency heat.

b) …squirrel cage fan.
c) Some furnaces may have heating elements that activate INDIVIDUALLY (not multiple sensors)
d) high limit (fan limit) ((NOT MINIMUM LIMIT)) sensor shuts off the furnace if excess heat

Question 63

Typical Defects, Electric Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:

a) Return duct connected indirectly to furnace/air handler cabinet:
b) Dirty fan
c) Fan loose, shakes, or rattles when operating
d) Noisy fan

Answer 63

a) Return duct connected indirectly to furnace/air handler cabinet:

SHOULD BE connected DIRECTLY ,,, WITHOUT A PLENUM
This can cause uneven air flow, especially over the evaporator coil if one is present; some manufacturers allow this, so recommend evaluation using manufacturer’s instructions.

Question 64

Distributed Electric Heaters (Baseboard Heaters)

The most common style is the baseboard heater.
Other styles include heaters installed on a wall, heaters recessed into the wall, heaters recessed in the floor, and heaters recessed in the toe kick under cabinets.
Which of the following is not a baseboard heater.
a) linear convector
b) baseboard convector
c) baseboard heater.
d) unit heaters.

Answer 64

d) unit heaters

NOTES:

A typical clearance varies between about ¼ inch for linear baseboard heaters to about 6 inches for higher wattage wall-mounted convectors.
Curtains, drapes, and furniture should have between about 3 to 6 inches clearance.

Question 65

Typical Defects, Distributed Electric Heaters

Which is not a Typical defect:

a. Insufficient heat
b. Heat over 75 degrees
c. Dirty unit
d. Inadequate clearance to combustibles

Answer 65

b. Heat over 85 degrees (Excessive heat

Question 66

Electric Radiant Heating Systems (Choose the best answer)

a. It is impossible to heat a house with electric radiant heat only.
b. This system is designed for supplemental heat and is in scope for home inspection.
c. Outdoor Electric Radiant Heating systems are in scope.
d. (none of the above)

Answer 66

b. Supplemental heat but IS in scope.

Question 67

Typical Defects, Electric Radiant Heating Systems Typical defects that home inspectors should report include:

a. Insufficient heat
b. Circuit is not GFCI protected where required.
c. all of the above
d. none of the above

Answer 67

c. all of the above

Question 68

HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS

The majority of the systems operating today are closed systems. (Choose the best answer)

a. The normal cold pressure is around 12 psig and the normal cold temperature is the room temperature where the boiler is located.
b. The normal operating pressure is around 20 psig to below 30 psig.
c. The normal operating temperature is between about 120° F. up to 200° F.
d. all of the above

Answer 68

d. all of the above

Question 69

Domestic Hot Water from Boilers

a. One method is called a tankless coil
b. Another method is the indirect-fired water heater.
c. Some very old systems may employ a separate tank to collect hot water that is heated by the boiler called range boilers
d. all of the above

Answer 69

d. all of the above

Question 70

Hot Water Heating Systems Components

The following are all components, except:

1. Water Supply
2. Heat Exchanger
3. Aquastat
4. Air Duct
5. Pressure gauge
6. Temperature gauge
7. Relief Valves
8. Air Bleeder Valves, Eliminator valve

Answer 70

d. Air Duct

Question 71

Expansion Tank

Hot water heating system distribution piping should include an expansion tank and a shut off valve near the boiler. Five to eight gallon tanks are common for residential systems.

(True or False)

Answer 71

False

One to four gallon tanks are common

Question 72

Pumps and Pipes (Fill in the blank)

Either one pipe or two pipe system.
a. A one pipe system connects the input and output side of each distribution device to the same pipe. This tee fitting is often called a ________ or _________ __________. The direct return is a one pipe system

b. Water should enter through the 180° openings, not the (90°) ________ openings
c. A two pipe system connects the input side of each device to a supply pipe and output sides of the device to a return pipe. The _______ ________system is a two pipe system

Answer 72

a. Monoflow, Diverter Fitting
b. Branch
c. Reverse Return

Question 73

Typical Defects, Hot Water Heating Systems Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all EXCEPT:

a. Water leaks
b. No heat or low heat at the heat distribution devices
c. Circulation pump does not run
d. Noisy circulation pump
e. Water movement heard when the system activates
f. High system pressure
g. Leaking pressure relief valve
h. Improperly installed pressure relief valve extension pipe
i. Absent or damaged baseboard covers or end caps
j. Baseboard fins have stickers on them
k. Fogged or obviously faulty gauges
l. Valve cover removed

Answer 73

j. Baseboard fins blocked by dirt or are damaged (not stickers on them)

Question 74

STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS

a) Get additional training before inspecting these systems.
b) One method is called a tankless coil.
c) Another method is the indirect-fired water heater.
d) all of the above

Answer 74

d) all of the above

Question 75

Steam Heating System Types

a. Almost all house steam heating systems are ___ pressure systems.
b. The normal operating pressure is around ½ psig to below ___ psig.
c. The other types are the _______ ________ system (less than 1 psig) and the
d. high pressure system (over 15 psig).

Answer 75

a. low
b. 2 psig
c. vapor pressure
d. high pressure

Question 76

Steam Heating System Operating Cycle
The steam heating operating cycle consists of the following steps:

1. All water has returned to the heat exchanger of the boiler, air is in the _____ and the radiators.
2. The thermostat calls for heat activating (firing) the ________________ system of the boiler.
3. Water in the heat exchanger of the boiler is heated to at least ___°F., at which point it turns to steam.
4. Steam rises by convection (no pump) through the ______ pipe to the first radiator.
5. The steam pushes air out of the pipe and the radiator through an air (steam) vent or steam ____ which closes when steam reaches the vent.
6. The steam condenses back to water in the _______ releasing heat which warms the radiator.
7. The water (condensate) flows back to the boiler, minus whatever escaped through the ____ or trap.

Answer 76

1. pipes
2. combustion
3. 212
4. supply
5. trap
6. radiator
7. vent

Question 77

Steam Heating Distribution Systems

The obvious function is to deliver steam to the distribution devices. The less obvious function is to deliver the water back to the vent without interfering with the steam delivery

(True or False)

Answer 77

False

deliver Water back to the boiler, not the vent

Question 78

One Pipe Counterflow

A problem with the one pipe counterflow system is the high potential for a fight between the steam and the water.

(True or False)

Answer 78

True

Question 79

One Pipe Parallel Flow

a. The one pipe parallel flow system improves on the ________________ system by having the water return separately from the steam, at least in some of the piping.
b. One problem with a separate water return is that part of the return piping is below the _______ _______ level (hence the name wet return)
c. A minimum slope of ____ inch in 20 feet is recommended.
d. If there is a leak in the wet return, the boiler could run ________.

Answer 79

a. Counterflow
b. boiler water
c. 1 inch in 20 feet
d. dry

Question 80

Hartford Loop

The Hartford Loop raises the wet return pipe connection at the equalizer pipe to between 2 and 4 inches below the normal boiler water level.

All steam heating systems with wet returns should have

a) an equalizer pipe
b) Hartford Loop
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 80

c) both a) and b)

Question 81

Condensate Pump

A condensate pump in a steam heating system is similar to one in an air conditioning system

(True or False)

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Piping (Choose the incorrect answer)

a) Steel (most common).
b) Copper is allowed
c) Brass and PEX-AL-PEX are also allowed, but are uncommon
d) Steam pipes shouldn’t be insulated.

Answer 82

d) should be insulated

Lack of insulation on steam pipes is a reportable defect.

Question 83

Radiators and Convectors

a) Radiators are made from cast iron that is configured in several vertical sections of columns or tubes.
b) Baseboard devices are sometimes called baseboard radiators or baseboard heaters.
c) Convectors are basically larger versions of baseboard devices.
d) all of the above

Answer 83

d) all of the above

Question 84

Steam Heating Distribution System Vents and Traps

a) Steam heating systems should have at least one main vent.
b) This vent may be a ball float trap or an inverted bucket trap.
c) But, the home inspector is NOT required to identify the type of trap installed.
d) all of the above

Answer 84

a) all of the above

Question 85

Safety Controls (Choose the INCORRECT statement)

a) A low water shutoff switch should be installed at the boiler.
b) A pressure relief valve should be installed in the space provided on the boiler.
c) The pressure relief valve for most house steam boilers is a 10 psi valve.
d) A common device is the pressuretrol.

Answer 85

c) The pressure relief valve for most house steam boilers is a 10 psi valve.

should be 15 psi/250 degree valve.

Question 86

Typical Defects, Steam Heating Systems Typical defects that home inspectors should report include the following, EXCEPT:

a) Water and steam leaks
b) No heat or low heat at heat distribution devices
c) Banging in pipes (water hammer)
d) Long cycling boiler fire

Answer 86

4.Long cycling boiler fire

Should be SHORT cycling boiler fire should be reported

Question 87

RELATED HEATING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Condensing appliances do not require a condensate disposal system.

(True or False)

Answer 87

False

Question 88

How Heat Transfers:

a) Hot liquids and gasses are lighter, more buoyant, and at a lower pressure compared to the surrounding material.
b) This allows the liquid or gas to rise relative to the surrounding material. This phenomenon is called the stack effect.
c) If the gasses lose enough heat, they can become too heavy to reach the top of the chimney or vent, and fall back down the chimney or vent into the house. This phenomenon is called backdrafting.
d) all of the above

Answer 88

d) all of the above

Question 89

Draft (induced) (Choose the best answer)

a) the process of using negative pressure created by a fan to pull combustion gasses through a vent system
b) this vent system may be used when the vent system for a natural draft appliance cannot be installed to operate using the stack effect
c) mechanical draft inducers are installed at the vent termination.
d) all of the above

Answer 89

d) all of the above

Question 90

How Combustion Works (Choose the best answer)

All combustion produces byproducts. The byproducts are usually gasses, but solids and liquids are also possible depending on

a) the fuel being burned
b) the conditions of your mother’s house
c) the conditions outside
d) none of the above

Answer 90

a) the fuel being burned

NOTES:

b) the conditions of COMBUSTION
c) the conditions in the CHIMNEY OR VENT

Question 91

How Combustion Works (Choose the best answer)

Complete hydrocarbon combustion produces carbon dioxide and water vapor and may produce other compounds such as:

a) nitric acid
b) sulfuric acid
c) sulfur dioxide
d) all of the above

4.

Answer 91

d) all of the above

Question 92

How Combustion Works (Fill in the blanks)

a) Incomplete combustion produces more ______ ______ than complete combustion
b) may produce other compounds such as ______ _________
c) Carbon is often referred to as _____ in this context. d) The presence of ______ in and around a combustion chamber or vent for a gas appliance may indicate a significant combustion problem.

Answer 92

a) water vapor
b) carbon monoxide
c) soot
d) soot

Question 93

COMBUSTION AIR

Primary air provides the air needed for combustion. Dilution air is mixed with the vent gasses in a

a) draft hood or draft regulator
b) cools the gasses
c) dilutes the gasses
d) all of the above

Answer 93

d) all of the above

Question 94

Combustion air

a) may be drawn from inside the house
b) is the best practice
c) is common in new construction and in houses that have been air sealed
d) all of the above

Answer 94

a) may be drawn from inside the house

NOTES:
b) & c) this is NOT best practice, and may not be allowed in new construction and in houses that have been air sealed.

Question 95

Combustion air

a) The term net free area is used to describe combustion air openings
b) The minimum opening dimension is 2½ inches.
c) both a and b)
d) none of the above

Answer 95

a) The term net free area is used to describe combustion air openings

NOTES:
B) MINIMUM OPENING IS 3-1/2 INCHES.

Question 96

Gas Appliances, Combustion Air from Outside the House

There should be one or more openings having a total combined net free opening area of at least

a) 3 square inches for every
b) 800 Btu/h input of the appliances in the room
c) all of the above
d) none of the above

Answer 96

d) none of the above

NOTES:
2 square inches for every
1,000 Btu/h input of the appliances in the room

Question 97

Gas Appliances, Combustion Air from Outside the House

The air net free opening area for wall openings and VERTICAL ducts is at least
a) 1 square inch for each ______ Btu/h input of the appliances in the room.
The net free opening area for HORIZONTAL ducts is at least
b) 1 square inch for each ______ Btu/h of the appliances in the room.
Combustion air may be provided by one opening in the wall or ceiling commencing
c) within ___ inches of the ceiling.
The net free opening area is at least
1 square inch for each _______ Btu/h input of the gas appliances in the room.

Answer 97

a) 4,000
b) 2,000
c) 12
d) 3,000

Question 98

Oil Appliances, Combustion Air from Outside the House

The net free opening area for wall openings and VERTICAL ducts is at least
a) 1 square inch for each ____ Btu/h input of the appliances in the room.
The net free opening area for HORIZONAL ducts is at least
b) 1 square inch for each _____ Btu/h of the appliances in the room.
Combustion air may be provided by one opening in the wall, floor, or ceiling.
The net free opening area is at least
c) 1 square inch for each _____ Btu/h input of the appliances in the room.

Answer 98

a) 4,000
b) 2,000
c) 5,000

Question 99

The term makeup air is the same as combustion air.

True or False

Answer 99

False

They are different

Question 100

Typical Defects, Combustion Air Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, except:

a) appliance closets or compartments sealed and insulated when combustion air is drawn from outside
b) combustion air duct openings do not terminate within 12 inches from the floor or ceiling (gas appliances)
c) exhaust appliances compete with fuel-burning appliances for air

Answer 100

a) appliance closets or compartments sealed and insulated when combustion air is drawn from outside

report when appliance closets or compartments are NOT SEALED and INSULATED

Question 101

HEATING EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATIONS (Choose the best answer)

a) Liquid fuel systems use natural gas or propane.
b) Gas fuel systems use heating oil and sometimes kerosene
c) Electric resistance heating systems use electricity, and are basically giant toasters that heat wires. Some electric systems are heat pumps
d) Heat distribution method. Each distribution method relies on three or more of the heat transfer methods previously discussed.

Answer 101

c) Electric resistance heating systems use electricity, and are basically giant toasters that heat wires. Some electric systems are heat pumps

NOTES

a) Liquid fuel systems use heating oil and sometimes kerosene
b) Gas fuel systems use natural gas or propane.
d) Heat distribution method. Each distribution method relies on one or more of the heat transfer methods previously discussed.

Question 102

HEATING EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATIONS (Choose the best answer)

a) forced-air distribution system. These systems use a vent to move heated air through ducts
b) gravity distribution uses convection and the stack effect to move heat from a furnace up through ducts
c) Hydronic distribution systems are common in all markets
d) Radiant systems move heat by heating a material and allowing the heat to flow by ventilation

Answer 102

b) gravity distribution uses convection and the stack effect to move heat from a furnace up through ducts

NOTES: a) forced-air distribution system. These systems use a FAN to move heated air through ducts

c) Hydronic distribution systems are COMMON IN SOME markets and are UNCOMMON IN OTHERS
d) Radiant systems move heat by heating a material and allowing the heat to flow by RADIATION, CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION.

Question 103

INSPECTING HEATING SYSTEMS include all, except:

a) Operating the system using normal operating controls (the thermostat).
b) The home inspector should report if the system is not operated but does not need to state the reason why
c) Home inspectors are not required to operate or test any system that is shut down or that requires manual ignition.
d) The home inspector should report if the system is not operated and state the reason why.

Answer 103

b) The home inspector should report if the system is not operated but does not need to state the reason why

Inspector DOES need to state the reason why

Question 104

GAS APPLIANCE CATEGORIES (Choose the best answer)

a) Category I appliance vent gas is cool (around 140°F)
b) Category II Appliance vent gas is hot (around 300°F)
c) Category III Appliance vent gas is as hot or is hotter than Category II vent gas and under positive pressure.
d) Category IV appliance vent gas is rather cool (around 140° F.)and efficient (90+%) at drawing heat from the combustion products.

Answer 104

d) Category IV appliance vent gas is rather cool (around 140° F.)and efficient (90+%) at drawing heat from the combustion products.

a) Category I appliance vent gas is HOT (around 300°F)
b) Category II Appliance vent gas is COOL (around 140°F)
c) Category III Appliance vent gas is as hot or is hotter than Category I (not 2) vent gas and under positive pressure.

Question 105

GAS APPLIANCE CATEGORIES (Choose the best answer)

a) Category IV vent gas is so cool that it must be exhausted under negative pressure
b) Category IV vent gas uses plastic pipe, usually PVC, as the vent.
c) Category IV appliances are called condensing appliances because some of the water vapor produced by the combustion process is condensed into liquid in the pipes instead of going up the vent.
d) Condensation in the vent system is not an issue for Category IV appliances.

Answer 105

b) Category IV vent gas uses plastic pipe, usually PVC, as the vent.

NOTES:
D) Condensation in the vent system is ALSO an issue for ALL Category IV appliances.
A) Category IV vent gas is so cool that it must be exhausted under POSITIVE pressure
c) Category IV appliances are called condensing appliances because some of the water vapor produced by the combustion process is condensed into liquid in the FURNACE instead of going up the vent.

Question 106

GAS FORCED AIR FURNACES (Choose the best answer)

a) Heat exchangers in newer furnaces have many curves that increase the heat exchanger surface area.
b) These heat exchangers are sometimes called “T” heat exchangers because the curves look like a fork in the road.
c) The “T” structure is why a draft inducer fan is required to pull the combustion gasses through the bends.

Answer 106

a) Heat exchangers in newer furnaces have many curves that increase the heat exchanger surface area.

NOTE:
b) & c) HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE called SERPENTINE heat exchangers because the curves look like a snake, not “T”.

Question 107

GAS FORCED AIR FURNACES (Choose the best answer)

a) Flexible gas connectors are allowed to enter cabinets.
b) Newer furnaces usually have lights that glow to highlight the gas
c) The silver-colored buttons near the burners are the flame-rollout sensors.
d) all of the above

Answer 107

c) The silver-colored buttons near the burners are the flame-rollout sensors.

NOTES:

a) Flexible gas connectors are NOT permitted to enter cabinets.
b) Newer furnaces usually have an IGNITER that glows hot to IGNITE the gas

Question 108

Type of Category I Furnaces (Choose the best answer)

a) The induced draft type is the least common Category I furnace.
b) These furnaces are considered high efficiency (about 90%).
c) These furnaces often have seven to nine inshot burners.
d) The gas is pulled into the heat exchanger from one burner opening in each inshot burner.

Answer 108

d) The gas is pulled into the heat exchanger from one burner opening in each inshot burner.

NOTES:

a) The induced draft type is the most common Category I furnace.
b) These furnaces are considered medium efficiency (about 80%).
c) These furnaces often have two to six inshot burners.

Question 109

Inspecting Category I Furnaces (Choose the best answer)

a) Home inspectors should not attempt to listen to the ignition sequence
b) A properly burning gas flame is red, sometimes with a slight yellow tip.
c) A yellow or orange colored flame is a reportable defect which could indicate problems.
d) A flickering or distorted flame could indicate a cracked pot

Answer 109

c) A yellow or orange colored flame is a reportable defect which could indicate problems.

NOTES:

a) Home inspectors SHOULD attempt to listen to the ignition sequence
b) A properly burning gas flame is BLUE, sometimes with a slight yellow tip.
d) A flickering or distorted flame could indicate a cracked heat exchanger

Question 110

Typical Defects, Category I and Category IV Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, except for:

a) Inoperative or bypassed fan cover interlock switch: this usually indicates that the switch is defective; this safety device should not be bypassed.
b) Bypassed safety controls: this will usually present as wires connected with wire nuts where wire nuts are not usually seen.
c) Internal parts located where damage is likely: wires and tubes inside the burner and fan compartments should not be located where they could be melted or where they could be scraped by moving parts; the 120 volt power cable should not run through the burner compartment; it should enter the cabinet and terminate in the box provided by the manufacturer; all wires and cables should enter the cabinet through a grommet or bushing.
d) Cabinet is painted orange and you wouldn’t be able to detect rust.

Answer 110

d) Cabinet is painted orange and you wouldn’t be able to detect rust.

Report if Cabinet is DAMAGED or RUSTED: rust indicates a water intrusion problem; the cause of the damage or rust should be determined and repaired.

Question 111

Typical Defects, Category I and Category IV Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, except for:

a) Air leaking from cabinet: air leaks reduce system efficiency; the cabinet should be reasonably well sealed.
b) Ignition source not elevated in a garage: the ignition source (burners) should be elevated at least 18 inches above the floor for appliances located in a garage.
c) Appliances installed in a garage are not protected from vehicle impact: appliances such as furnaces and water heaters should be protected by framing or by a vehicle stop such as a bollard.
d) Cabinet does not have adequate clearance to the bedroom.

Answer 111

d) Cabinet does not have adequate clearance to the bedroom.

Cabinets that do not have adequate clearance to combustibles should be reported: clearances to combustibles depends on manufacturer’s instructions which are often listed on the furnace label.

Question 112

Typical Defects, Floor Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include the following, except:

a) Improper cuts in floor framing: floor joist cuts should be framed like other floor system openings.
b) Inadequate combustion air: combustion air may be drawn from inside the house or from the crawl space; refer to the combustion air section for more information.
c) Inadequate service clearances: there should be at least 18 inches clearance on the service side.
d) Clearances to combustible materials: clearances are required above and below the unit; clearances are not required to the draft hood and to the vent.

Answer 112

d) Clearances to combustible materials: (see below)

NOTE: All inadequate clearances should be reported and are required above and below the unit; clearances ARE required to the draft hood and to the vent.

Question 113

Typical Defects, wall Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include, except:

a) Inadequate combustion air: except for direct vented units, combustion air is usually drawn from inside the house; refer to the combustion air section for more information.
b) soot in the fireplace
c) Inadequate clearances to combustible materials: clearances are required above, to the side, and sometime below the unit.

Answer 113

b) soot in the fireplace

Soot in and around furnace should be reported: including at vent termination.

Question 114

THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF MANUFACTURED VENTS in CATEGORY 1 VENT SYSTEMS: (Choose the best answer)

a) Type B (most common) Use of single-wall pipes is limited because these pipes lose heat more rapidly than Type B vents, and do not conduct the combustion gasses out of the vent system as effectively.
b) Use of single-wall pipes is mostly confined to vent connectors in cold climates.
c) Type J (oil burning)
d) A vent system that serves two or more gas appliances is called a core vent system.

Answer 114

a) Type B (most common) Use of single-wall pipes is limited because these pipes lose heat more rapidly than Type B vents, and do not conduct the combustion gasses out of the vent system as effectively.

NOTES:

b) Use of single-wall pipes is mostly confined to vent connectors in WARM climates.
c) Type L (oil burning)
d) A vent system that serves two or more gas appliances is called a common vent system.

Question 115

Steam Heating Distribution System Vents and Traps

Masonry chimney used as a Category I Vent (Choose the best answer)

a) The chimney must be enclosed within the house until it penetrates the roof.
b) The chimney may serve as a vent for one induced draft furnace.
c) The chimney area should be at least as large as the vent connector area, and smaller than four times the vent connector area when the chimney serves as the vent for one draft hood-equipped appliance.

Answer 115

a) The chimney must be enclosed within the house until it penetrates the roof.

NOTES:

b) The chimney may serve as a common vent for MULTIPLE induced draft or draft hood-equipped gas appliances, not just one. The chimney may serve as a vent for a single draft hood-equipped appliance such as a water heater.
c) The chimney area should be at least as large as the vent connector area, and smaller than 7 TIMES the vent connector area when the chimney serves as the vent for one draft hood-equipped appliance.

Question 116

Typical Defects, Category I Vent Systems are as follows, except:

a) Disconnected or inadequately connected vent components.
b) Vent pipe sections or fittings turned the wrong way, or the bottom section inserted over the upper section.
c) Rusted, stained, or damaged vent
d) Rabbits seen around the draft hood or flue collar.

Answer 116

d) Rust, debris, staining (not rabbits) seen around the draft hood or flue collar is a defect.

Question 117

Typical Defects, Category I Vent Systems are as follows, except:

a) Type A vents do not terminate with a listed cap
b) Inadequate Type B vent height above roof
c) Vent extends too far above roof or along a sidewall.
d) Vent system too short or too tall

Answer 117

a) Type B (not A) vents do not terminate with a listed cap

Question 118

Typical Defects, Category I Vent Systems are as follows, except:

a) Vent system too small or too large for the connected appliance
b) Vent connector slopes up
c) Improper vent system material
d) Flexible Type B vent connector improperly installed

Answer 118

b) Vent connector slopes down toward appliance

Question 119

Typical Defects, Category I Vent Systems are as follows, except:

a) Single-wall pipe used where not approved.
b) Vent roof or sidewall penetration not properly flashed.
c) Single appliance vent connector too long or vent system has too many elbows.
d) Common vent connector too short.

Answer 119

d) Common vent connector too short.

report common vent connectors that are too long (not too short) or has too many elbows

Question 120

Typical Defects, Category I Vent Systems are as follows, except:

a) Common vent has an offset (elbows)
b) Smaller diameter common vent connector connected below the larger diameter common vent connector.
c) Two or more appliances connected to a vent connector.
d) Common vent connectors enter the vent at the same level and at a 45° angle.

Answer 120

d) Common vent connectors enter the vent at the same level and at a 90° (not 45 angle).

Question 121

Typical Defects, Category I Vent Systems are as follows, except:

a) Common vented appliances located on different stories
b) Unused chimney openings sealed.
c) A chimney improperly used as the vent.
d) Vent connector loose or improperly inserted into a chimney.

Answer 121

b) Unused chimney openings sealed

Should be (not sealed) 
When not sealed, this allows air to enter the chimney; this air can cool and dilute the combustion gasses, and can cause backdrafting and condensation in the chimney; sealing includes the chimney flue under the vent connector.

Question 122

Oil Burner Components and Operation (Choose the Incorrect answer)

a) Combustion occurs in the refractory chamber, also called the fire pot and are less than 12 inches in any dimension.
b) The visible area of the refractory, if any, should be intact and appear relatively clean
c) The flame from a modern oil burner should be blue, possibly with a little yellow.
d) This new spinning disk configuration is called a flame retention head

Answer 122

c) The flame from a modern oil burner should be blue

should be white, possibly with a little yellow. A flame color in the orange to red tones indicates a cooler flame temperature and oil burner problems. Flame should be uniformly shaped, about 5 inches at widest point, should not touch surfaces of the refractory chamber.

Question 123

Typical Defects, Steam Heating Systems Typical defects that home inspectors should report include the following, EXCEPT:

a) New boiler with old steam pipes above the boiler
b) Improperly installed pressure relief valve extension pipe
c) Water level in sight glass stable
d) water dripping from the top of the sight glass: the system may be producing wet steam which does not flow or heat as well as dry steam.

Answer 123

c) Water level in sight glass stable

Should be: INCONSISTENT WATER LEVEL in sight glass: this can be caused by oil or other impurities in the boiler water, boiler over-firing, improper pipe installation above the boiler.

Question 124

Typical Defects, Oil Burners Typical defects that home inspectors should report include the following, EXCEPT:

a) Unusual squealing, whining, or vibration from the oil burner
b) Unusual odors in and around the oil burner, the utility room, or the oil tank
c) Inadequate clearance to combustibles and inadequate service access
d) Physical discoloration

Answer 124

d) Physical discoloration

Report damage, rust, deterioration, not discoloration

Question 125

OIL VENT SYSTEMS (Choose the incorrect statement)

a) The vent is often a chimney, but may be a Type L vent.
b) A Type L vent should terminate with a vent cap or a listed roof assembly.
c) A vent cap is required even if a chimney serves as the vent
d) A vent connector is necessary if the appliance is not located directly under the vent, which is usually the case.

Answer 125

c) A vent cap is required if a chimney serves as the vent

Vent cap is NOT REQUIRED if a chimney serves as the vent

Question 126

OIL VENT SYSTEMS (Choose the incorrect statement)

a) A Type B vent (for gas-burning appliances) may be used as a vent or a vent connector for oil-fired appliances.
b) Vent connectors for oil-burning appliances that use a chimney as the vent should be equipped with a barometric damper.
c) A barometric damper is not required when the vent is a Type L.
d) The problem with using a chimney as a vent is that draft conditions in a chimney vary, sometimes a lot

Answer 126

a) A Type B vent (for gas-burning appliances) may be used as a vent or a vent connector for oil-fired appliances.

A type B vent may NOT be used as a vent or a vent connector for oil-fired appliances.

Question 127

OIL VENT SYSTEMS (Choose the incorrect statement)

Backdrafting can damage the chimney and can cause the appliance to function improperly.
b) The purpose of a barometric damper is to control draft conditions in the vent system, thereby

a) increasing the efficiency of the oil-fired appliance
b) reducing damage
c) reducing appliance operational problems
d) none of the above

Answer 127

d) none of the above

Question 128

Typical Defects, Electric Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:

a) Inoperative or bypassed fan cover interlock switch.
b) No heat or insufficient heat (from heating elements).
c) Spare parts located near fan
d) Damaged or rusted cabinet

Answer 128

c) Spare parts located near fan

Internal parts should not be located where they could be melted; the power cable should enter the cabinet and terminate in the box provided by the manufacturer.

Question 129

Typical Defects, Electric Furnaces Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:

a) Air leaking from cabinet
b) Ignition source elevated in a garage
c) Cabinet does not have adequate service access.

Answer 129

b) Ignition source elevated in a garage

the ignition source (heating elements) SHOULD BE ELEVATED at least 18 inches above the floor for appliances located in a garage. No need to report an elevated ignition source.

Question 130

Which of the following are in scope for a home inspection:

a) Heaters that are fastened in place and permanently connected to the electrical system.
b) Plug-and-cord connected heaters
c) A portable heater
d) None of the above

Answer 130

a)

Question 131

Typical Defects, Distributed Electric Heaters

Which is not a Typical defect:

a. Electrical receptacle above or close to a heater.
b. Heaters served by a dedicated electrical circuit.
c. Rust, physical damage, absent covers and parts.
d. none of the above

Answer 131

b) heaters not served by a dedicated electrical circuit should be reported

Question 132

Hot Water Heating Systems

a. Two types of system, open and closed system
b. Open system is AKA gravity system
c. Open system is a relic.
d. all of the above

Answer 132

d. all of the above

Question 133

Pumps and Pipes (Choose the WRONG answer)

a) Note that insulation on older pipes is a probable rust containing material.
b) Radiators are made from cast iron that is configured in several vertical sections of columns or tubes
c) Baseboard devices are sometimes called baseboard radiators or baseboard heaters.
d) Convectors are basically larger versions of baseboard devices.

Answer 133

a) Note that insulation on older pipes is a probable ASBESTOS (not rust) containing material.

Question 134

Steam Heating Distribution System Vents and Traps

a. The main vent should be located __________ from the last distribution device.
b. The main vent should be located near the end of the ____ return in one pipe parallel return and two pipe systems.
c. The main vent should be located at least ____ inches above the boiler water line.
d. The main vent should be located about ___ to ____ inches above the dry return pipe.

Answer 134

a. downstream
b. dry
c. 18
d. 6 to 10

Question 135

Steam Heating Distribution System Vents and Traps

a. Each distribution device in a one pipe system should be equipped with an air vent.
b. The air vent should be located near the vertical center of the device.
c. A hissing or sputtering air vent (after the heating cycle starts) indicates a reportable defect because the vent may be blocked with debris or may be damaged.
d. all of the above

Answer 135

d. all of the above

Question 136

Steam Heating Distribution System Vents and Traps

a. Each distribution device in a two pipe system should be equipped with a thermostatic trap.
b. A rapid sound coming from the trap could indicate a defective trap.
c. Two pipe systems should be equipped with a float and thermostatic trap (F&T trap)
d. This trap should be located on the dry return pipe downstream from the last distribution device.
e. all of the above

Answer 136

e. all of the above