PLT Prep Flashcards
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic rewards?
Intrinsic, or internal, rewards are generated from within the individual to achieve a sense of satisfaction or gratification with completing a task. Extrinsic, or external, rewards are generated from an outside source through things such as a token economy or other external incentive. Research has found that a greater self-efficacy (belief in one’s ability) is achieved when intrinsic rewards are present than with extrinsic rewards. Therefore, teachers should strive to create internal motivation in their students.
What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
Negative reinforcement is when something undesirable is REMOVED from a situation in order to increase a desired behavior. Positive reinforcement ADDS something to increase a desired behavior. Punishment is when steps are taken to decrease an undesirable behavior.
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Inductive reasoning starts with a specific piece of information that is used to come to a general conclusion about a situation. Deductive reasoning involves taking general information to form a specific conclusion or hypothesis.
Distinguish between norm-referenced tests and criterion referenced tests.
Norm-referenced tests compare a student’s score against other students taking the same test. Criterion-referenced tests compare a student’s score against a pre-determined set of standards rather than other individual scores.
Define validity and reliability.
Validity ensures the assessment measures what it was intended to measure. Reliability is consistency–does the assessment yield similar results each time it is administered?
What is the difference between classroom management and discipline?
Classroom management refers to the overall classroom environment that a teacher creates through rules, procedures and the behavior that he/she models. It also includes time and space management of the classroom. Discipline is the actions taken when student’s behavior does not meet the expectations set forth in the overall classroom management plan.
Distinguish between types of direct instruction and indirect instruction.
Direct instruction is teacher-centered and can include lecture where the teacher gives explicit directions. It can also include modeling where the teacher performs a task before asking students to perform a similar task. Indirect instruction is student-centered and interactive where students take a more active role in their learning through reciprocal teaching, flipped classrooms, class discussion, etc. The teacher serves as a facilitator when using indirect instruction.
