PLT Praxis Flashcards
What is the zone of proximal development?
the gap of what a learner can do on their own to what they can do with help from a knowledgeable person.
What is classical conditioning?
an automatic response that occurs with a specific stimulus
What is metacognition?
awareness of a person’s thinking
What is transfer?
the ability to use knowledge and skills learned in a new or different context.
Reflecting back on KWL charts allow students to see…
the actual progress they made towards their goals.
What is an aptitude test?
a standardized test that measures one’s potential to success in a specific task/skill
What is an ability test?
a test that measures someone’s abilities involved with thinking
What is an achievement test?
a test that measures knowledge/skills in a specific area
Who discovered the area of proximal development?
Lev Vgotsky
What did Vgotsky believe about learning?
Development and learning is guided through social interactions
What did Piaget believe?
Children learn at specific stages and construct understanding from their environment
What is the pragmatism theory?
(Charles Sanders Pierce) Knowledge, language, beliefs, etc are valid if they are practical and lead to success.
What is the cognitivism theory?
(Piaget) Learners play an active role in information processing with areas of knowledge, thinking, problem-solving. The mental processes of the brain.
What is the behaviorism theory?
(Watson) All behaviors are learned through interactions with the environment.
What is the constructivism theory?
(Piaget and Vgotsky) Learners build on to existing information to learn new information.
What is analytical scoring
assigning separate scores to different aspects
What is holistic scoring?
assesses the product as a whole, not by individual pieces.
True or false: Boys are most likely than girls to bully others and use physical aggression.
True
What did Maslow believe?
Humans have to fill their needs in a specific order.
What did John Watson believe?
behaviors of humans should be primary focused on, instead of internal processes like thoughts and feelings.
What did Erik Erikson believe?
At each stage of life, students have an internal conflict.
What did Thorndike believe?
Readiness, exercise, effect. Students will learn as bonds are being reinforced.
What is the cognitive domain?
Focuses on intellectual skills: critical thinking, problem-solving, etc
What is the affective domain?
focuses in how people’s emotions develop as they learn
With respect to phonemic awareness, which of the following could be the greatest area of challenge for an English-language learner?
Sounds that are different in the student’s native language
What is the psychomotor domain?
Focuses on physical skills and motor actions
A school establishes a mentoring program for incoming teachers. Which of the following is the primary goal of this program?
Providing one-to-one assistance for new teachers
Makayla, a sixth-grade student, received a grade-equivalent score of 7.2 on a recent standardized reading test. Which of the following interpretations of the data is most accurate to communicate to Makayla’s parents?
Makayla’s overall reading ability is comparable to that of a student who is in the second month of seventh grade.
A teacher evaluates the scores students in a class achieved on a recent standardized assessment. Which of the following best describes the instructional implications of a high standard deviation in the scores?
The teacher must differentiate instruction to meet the wide range of ability levels in the class.
Which of the following requires that public schools provide increased accountability measured by the administration of standardized tests?
The No Child Left Behind Act
