Pleural Effusion Flashcards
Pleural effusion definition
Presence of any type of fluid in pleural space ( transudate, exudate, frank pus, blood, chyle)
Name and cause of disease with transudate in pleural space
Hydrothorax
In HF
Name and cause of disease with exudate in pleural space
Sera pus
Pneumonia
Name of disease with frank pus in pleural space
Empyema thoracis
Name of disease with blood in pleural space
Hemothorax
Name of disease with chyle in pleural space
Chylothorax
Broad causes of pleural effusion
Pleural membrane disease
Intrathoracic organs disease
Sub-diaphragmatic/ abdominal disease
Systemic disease
Different effets of pleural effusion
Collapse of lungs at varying degree
Mediastinal shift
Diagrammatic depression
Occasional cyanosis
Significant dyspnea
Cardiorespiratory embarrassment
Main causes of purulent and seropurulent pleural effusion
Tuberculosis (not in seropurulent )
Mycosis
Amoebiasis
Pulmonary infarction
Ovarian fibroma
Collagen disease
Pericarditis
Pancreatitis
Post pneumonic ( not in purulent )
Main causes of empyema
Post pneumonic
Lung abscess
Subphrenic abscess
Main causes of chylothorax
Trauma
Parasitic
Lymphatic
Main cause of hemothorax
Trauma
Symptoms suggesting Parapneumonic effusion
Short history of cough, fever, pleuritic chest pain
Symptoms that suggest TB
Long history of cough, weight loss, drenching night sweats , fever
If arthritis in a patients, disease you should think about
SLE
Rheumatoid arthritis
If history of surgery for malignancy , yo should think about this when there is chest presentation
Carcinomatous involvement of the pleura
Disease of interest when doing physical examination
Congestive cardiac failure
Meigs syndrome
Collagen dx
Stigmata of SLE or RA
Amoebic liver abscess
Tuberculosis
Severe weight loss
Goals of imaging in pleural effusion
Degree of pleural effusion
Underlying dx identification
Pleural thickening , plaques in mesothelioma