Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3- Respiratory Medicine > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of asthma

A

Heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation with history symptoms ( cough, breathlessness, wheezes, chest tightness ) and variable expiratory airway limitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which part of respiration is affected in asthma,
Inspiration or expiration

A

Expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What criteria allow for diagnosis of asthma

A

More than one type of these symptoms( wheeze, Shortness of breath, Cough, Chest tightness )

Symptoms worse at night or early morning

Vary over time and in intensity

Trigger of symptoms by viral infection, exercise , allergen, weather changes, laughter , irritants ( car fumes, smoke , strong smells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptoms that decrease diagnosis of asthma

A

isolated cough wiith no other respiratory symptom

Chronic production of sputum

Shortness of breath with dizziness , light headedness, peripheral tingling

Chest pain

Exercise induced Dyspnea wirh noisy inspiration stridor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common trigger of asthma attack

A

viral infection URTI
Pollen
Animal dander
Dust
Smoke / fumes
Strong scent
Hoist dust mite , mold
Exercise
Strong emotions
Changes in temperature
Weather changes
Stress
Occupational exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why asthma worsens at night

A

Because of cortisol level low at night which means that the body can’t fight inflammation as well as during the day when cortisol high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Factors that increase prevalence of asthma

A

parental history of asthma or atopy

Parental smoking - maternal smoking in pregnancy

Sensitization I to aeroallergens

Widespread use of antibiotic

Western lifestyle

Urban environnement

Diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Factors that decrease prevalence of asthma

A

Farm environment
Older siblings
Viral infection
Earl attendance of day care during first 6 months of life
Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms pattern possible in asthma

A

Episodic or continuous
Seasonal or perennial
Nocturnal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Read pathophysiology of asthma

A

Okk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Findings of examination in asthma

A

Normal if no exacerbation
Lung hyperinflation
Wheezing
Allergic dx (rhinitis , sinusitis, nasal polyps , eczema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lung function test to demonstrated airflow limitation in asthma

A

Spirometry
Peak expiratory flow rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Comorbidities in asthma

A

Sinusitis
Rhinosinusitis
COPD
GERD
OSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to diagnose asthma

A

Hx of symptoms
Examination
Lung function test (spirometry , PEF)
Comorbidities assessment
Broncho provocation test
Allergic states tests
FENO
FBC
CxR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medications/activity used in bronchoprovocation test

A

Methcholine
Histamine challenge
Post exertion state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Differential of wheezing

A

COPD
Bronchiolitis
Cystic fibrosis
Foreign body aspiration
Thromboembolism
Bronchiectasis
Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Pulmonary edema
Psychogenic wheezing
LVHF

17
Q

Differentials of episodic dyspnea

A

COPD
CAD
Congestive heart failure
Pulmonary emboli
Recurrent GERD
Carcinoid syndrome

18
Q

Differential cough

A

bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Pneumonia
Rhinitis
Bronchitis
Sinusitis
Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis ]

19
Q

Management classification of asthma

A

Acute (Mild, Moderate, Severe, Life threatening )

chronic (Intermittent ,Persistent )

20
Q

Goal of management

A

Control of symptoms
Risk reduction

21
Q

Non pharmacological management of asthma

A

education
Complice ce for medication
Asthma action pl’an
Avoid précipitants
Proper inhaler techniques
Thermal bronchoplasty

22
Q

Mange ment when symptoms less than twice a month

A

Controller and reliever -> as needed low dose ICS - formoterol

23
Q

Management when Symptoms twice or more a month but less than daily

A

Controller -> daily low dose ICS or as needed low dose ICS - formoterol

Reliever -> as needed low dose ICS-formoterol

24
Q

Management when Symptoms most days or waking with asthma once a week or more

A

Controller => low dose ICS-LABA

Reliever => as needed low dose ICS-formoterol

25
Q

Management when Symptoms most days , or waking with asthma once or more a week and low une function

A

Controller => medium dose ICS-LABA

Reliever => as needed low dose ICS-formoterol

26
Q

Management when severest form of asthma

A

High dose ICS -LABA

Reliever -> as needed low dose ICS-formoterol

27
Q

Risk factors for severe asthma

A

non compliance
Never used ICS
Psychosocial factors
Dysfunctional breathing (Vocal cord dysfunction )
Allergy
Comorbidities
Tobacco smoke. / environemental pollution
ABPA

28
Q

Patients at risk of asthma related death

A

history of near fats asthma with intubation and ventilation

Hospitalization or ER for asthma in last 12 months

Not using

ICS , poor adherence with ICS

Using or recently stopped using OCS

Overusing SABA

Lack of written asthma action plan

Hx of psychiatric dx or psychosocial problems

Confirmed food allergy in patient

29
Q

What is considered severe asthma

A

asthma that requires treatment with high dose inhaled corticosteroids plus a second controller to prevent uncontrolled asthma or remains uncontrolled despite therapy

30
Q

How to evaluate acute asthma

A

• ABC
◦ Airwy
◦ Breathing
◦ Circulation
• Quick hx
• Examination
• Acute asthma severity
• Differential diagnosis ?
• SPO2 , ABGs PEFR / spirometry
• K+, RBS/FBS
• CxR

31
Q

Signs of mild or moderate asthma

A

• talks in phrases
• Prefer sitting to lying
• Not agitated
• Increased RR
• Accessory muscles not used
• Pulse rate 100-120bpm
• O2 saturation 90-95%
• PEF >50%

32
Q

Management of mild moderate asthma

A

SABA
Ipratropium bromide
O2 maintenance and control
Oral corticosteroids
Saturation 93-95%

33
Q

Signs of severe asthma

A

talks in words
Sits hunched forwards
Agitated
RR more than 30/min
Accessory muscles being used
PR >120 bpm
O2 saturation <90%
PEF < 50%

34
Q

Management of severe asthma

A

SABA
Ipratroprium bromide
O2 maintenance
93-95% saturation
Oral or IV corticosteroids
IV magnesium
High dose ICS

35
Q

Criteria for intubation in acute asthma

A

cardiac arrest
Respiratory arrest
Altered mental status
Progressive exhaustion
Silent chest
Severe hypoxia with maximal oxygen delivery
Failure to reverse severe respiratory acidosis despite intensive therapy
Ph 7.2

36
Q

Complications of severe asthma

A

aspiration pneumonia
Pneumomediastinum
Pneumothorax
Rhabdomyolysis
Respiratory failure and arrest
Cardiac arrest
Hypoxic ischaemic brain injury

3- Respiratory Medicine (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions